RESUMEN
AIM: To critically evaluate missed care measurement approaches and their application in long-term aged care (LTAC) settings. DESIGN: Systematic review using Tawfik's guideline. DATA SOURCES: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL and ProQuest were searched. Supplemental searching was from reference lists of retrieved records, first authors' ORCID homepages and Google advanced search for grey literature. Search limitations were English language, published between 1 January 2001 and 31 December 2022. REVIEW METHOD: COVIDENCE was utilized for screening, data extraction and quality appraisal. JBI Critical Appraisal Tools and COSMIN Risk of Bias Tool were used for quality appraisal. Data were summarized and synthesized using narrative analysis. RESULTS: Twenty-four publications across 11 regions were included, with two principal methods of missed care measurement: modified standard scales and tailored specific approaches. They were applied inconsistently and generated diverse measurement outcomes. There were challenges even with the most commonly used tool, the BERNCA-NH, including absence of high-quality verification through comparative analysis against an established 'gold standard', reliance on self-administration, incomplete assessment of constructs and inadequate exploration of psychometric properties. CONCLUSION: Globally, there are deficiencies in the effectiveness and comprehensiveness of the instruments measuring missed care in LTAC settings. Further research on theoretical and practical perspectives is required. IMPLICATIONS: Findings highlighted a critical need to establish a standardized, validated approach to measure missed care in LTAC settings. This review calls for collaborative efforts by researchers, clinical staff and policymakers to develop and implement evidence-based practices as a way of safeguarding the well-being of older clients living in LTAC settings. IMPACT: Measurements of missed care in LTAC settings rely on adapting acute care tools. There is a critical gap in measuring missed care in LTAC settings. Developing a new tool could improve care quality and safety in LTAC settings globally. REPORTING METHOD: Adhered to PRISMA guideline. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION: No patient or public contribution.