Exposure to digital vape marketing among young people in Aotearoa New Zealand.

AIMS: Little is known about the exposure of young people in Aotearoa New Zealand to marketing of vape products on social media. This study investigated vaping behaviour and the extent of vape marketing exposure and engagement that young people (14-20 years) report on social media and examined differences across socio-demographic groups. METHODS: An online survey was conducted with 3,698 participants aged between 14-20 years (M=17.1; SD=1.8). A range of genders (55.7% females, 38.3% males and 6% another gender), ethnicities (25.6% Maori, 46.7% Pakeha or NZ European, 6.5% Pasifika and 21.2% another ethnicity) and social classes took part. RESULTS: Half (50.8%; n=1,110) of the respondents (N=2,185) reported that they had vaped at least once; vaping history was positively related to exposure to and engagement with digital vape marketing. Half (50.3%; n=1,119) of the respondents (N=2,224) reported seeing vape marketing on at least one social media platform. Binary logistic regressions showed that younger respondents were more likely to report seeing vape marketing than older respondents, and Maori and Pasifika more likely than other ethnicities. Over a quarter (26%; n=563) of respondents (N=2,148) reported engaging with vape marketing online, with Maori and Pasifika respondents more likely to engage than other ethnicity groups, and similarly for respondents of lower compared to higher socio-economic status. No interaction effects were found. CONCLUSIONS: Many young people, including a subset under the legal age for purchase, reported seeing vape product marketing on social media platforms. Patterns of exposure to vape product marketing on social media mirror the inequitable marketing exposure of harmful commodities in physical environments. Improved transparency and regulation of social media marketing is required.

A Diabetic Patient with Acute Osteomyelitis Presenting with Jaw Pain and Submandibular Swelling.

This case scenario shows the value of applying relevant imaging and the selection of appropriate antibiotic via culture and sensitivity before prescribing especially when dealing with a patient with type 1 Diabetes Mellitus. When confronted with a diagnosis of acute osteomyelitis, it is always better to refer the patient to a hospital for admission where the management and any other intervention is easily accomplished. Admission to the hospital, culture and sensitivity, and appropriate intravenous antibiotics may have limited the progress of the infection and ultimately may have prevented the sequestration in this patient, limiting the degree of morbidity. Monitoring and control of blood glucose levels is an important part of the management in a patient from this scenario.

Media, racism and public health psychology.

International literature has established that racism contributes to ill-health of migrants, ethnic minorities and indigenous peoples. Racism generally negates wellbeing, adversely affecting physical and psychological health. Numerous studies have shown that media contribute marginalizing particular ethnic and cultural groups depicting them primarily as problems for and threats to the dominant. This articles frames media representations of, and their effect on, the indigenous Maori of Aotearoa, New Zealand within the ongoing processes of colonization. We argue that reflects the media contribution to maintenance and naturalisation of colonial relationships and seek to include critical media scholarship in a critical public health psychology.