RESUMEN
BMS-813160 (compound 3) was identified as a potent and selective CCR2/5 dual antagonist. Compound 3 displayed good permeability at pH = 7.4 in PAMPA experiments and demonstrated excellent human liver microsome stability. Pharmacokinetic studies established that 3 had excellent oral bioavailability and exhibited low clearance in dog and cyno. Compound 3 was also studied in the mouse thioglycollate-induced peritonitis model, which confirmed its ability to inhibit the migration of inflammatory monocytes and macrophages. As a result of this profile, compound 3 was selected as a clinical candidate.
RESUMEN
To improve the metabolic stability profile of BMS-741672 (1a), we undertook a structure-activity relationship study in our trisubstituted cyclohexylamine series. This ultimately led to the identification of 2d (BMS-753426) as a potent and orally bioavailable antagonist of CCR2. Compared to previous clinical candidate 1a, the tert-butyl amine 2d showed significant improvements in pharmacokinetic properties, with lower clearance and higher oral bioavailability. Furthermore, compound 2d exhibited improved affinity for CCR5 and good activity in models of both monocyte migration and multiple sclerosis in the hCCR2 knock-in mouse. The synthesis of 2d was facilitated by the development of a simplified approach to key intermediate (4R)-9b that deployed a stereoselective reductive amination which may prove to be of general interest.
RESUMEN
Structure-activity relationship studies directed toward the replacement of the fused phenyl ring of the lead hexahydrobenzoindole RORγt inverse agonist series represented by 1 with heterocyclic moieties led to the identification of three novel aza analogs 5-7. The hexahydropyrrolo[3,2-f]quinoline series 5 (X = N, Y = Z=CH) showed potency and metabolic stability comparable to series 1 but with improved in vitro membrane permeability and serum free fraction. This structural modification was applied to the hexahydrocyclopentanaphthalene series 3, culminating in the discovery of 8e as a potent and selective RORγt inverse agonist with an excellent in vitro profile, good pharmacokinetic properties, and biologic-like in vivo efficacy in preclinical models of rheumatoid arthritis and psoriasis.
RESUMEN
Employing a virtual screening approach, we identified the pyroglutamide moiety as a nonacid replacement for the cyclohexanecarboxylic acid group which, when coupled to our previously reported conformationally locked tricyclic core, provided potent and selective RORγt inverse agonists. Structure-activity relationship optimization of the pyroglutamide moiety led to the identification of compound 18 as a potent and selective RORγt inverse agonist, albeit with poor aqueous solubility. We took advantage of the tertiary carbinol group in 18 to synthesize a phosphate prodrug, which provided good solubility, excellent exposures in mouse PK studies, and significant efficacy in a mouse model of psoriasis.
RESUMEN
Novel tricyclic analogues were designed, synthesized, and evaluated as RORγt inverse agonists. Several of these compounds were potent in an IL-17 human whole blood assay and exhibited excellent oral bioavailability in mouse pharmacokinetic studies. This led to the identification of compound 5, which displayed dose-dependent inhibition of IL-17F production in a mouse IL-2/IL-23 stimulated pharmacodynamic model. In addition, compound 5 was studied in mouse acanthosis and imiquimod-induced models of skin inflammation, where it demonstrated robust efficacy comparable to a positive control. As a result of this excellent overall profile, compound 5 (BMS-986251) was selected as a clinically viable developmental candidate.
RESUMEN
RORγt is an important nuclear receptor that regulates the production of several pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-17 and IL-22. As a result, RORγt has been identified as a potential target for the treatment of various immunological disorders such as psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, and inflammatory bowel diseases. Structure and computer-assisted drug design led to the identification of a novel series of tricyclic RORγt inverse agonists with significantly improved in vitro activity in the reporter (Gal4) and human whole blood assays compared to our previous chemotype. Through careful structure activity relationship, several potent and selective RORγt inverse agonists have been identified. Pharmacokinetic studies allowed the identification of the lead molecule 32 with a low peak-to-trough ratio. This molecule showed excellent activity in an IL-2/IL-23-induced mouse pharmacodynamic study and demonstrated biologic-like efficacy in an IL-23-induced preclinical model of psoriasis.
Asunto(s)
Diseño de Fármacos , Agonismo Inverso de Drogas , Miembro 3 del Grupo F de la Subfamilia 1 de Receptores Nucleares/agonistas , Pirrolidinas/farmacología , Animales , Humanos , Células Jurkat , Ratones , Modelos Moleculares , Miembro 3 del Grupo F de la Subfamilia 1 de Receptores Nucleares/química , Conformación Proteica , Pirrolidinas/química , Pirrolidinas/farmacocinética , Relación Estructura-Actividad , Distribución TisularRESUMEN
We encountered a dilemma in the course of studying a series of antagonists of the G-protein coupled receptor CC chemokine receptor-2 (CCR2): compounds with polar C3 side chains exhibited good ion channel selectivity but poor oral bioavailability, whereas compounds with lipophilic C3 side chains exhibited good oral bioavailability in preclinical species but poor ion channel selectivity. Attempts to solve this through the direct modulation of physicochemical properties failed. However, the installation of a protonation-dependent conformational switching mechanism resolved the problem because it enabled a highly selective and relatively polar molecule to access a small population of a conformer with lower polar surface area and higher membrane permeability. Optimization of the overall properties in this series yielded the CCR2 antagonist BMS-741672 (7), which embodied properties suitable for study in human clinical trials.
RESUMEN
Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK), a non-receptor tyrosine kinase, is a member of the Tec family of kinases and is essential for B cell receptor (BCR) mediated signaling. BTK also plays a critical role in the downstream signaling pathways for the Fcγ receptor in monocytes, the Fcε receptor in granulocytes, and the RANK receptor in osteoclasts. As a result, pharmacological inhibition of BTK is anticipated to provide an effective strategy for the clinical treatment of autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and lupus. This article will outline the evolution of our strategy to identify a covalent, irreversible inhibitor of BTK that has the intrinsic potency, selectivity, and pharmacokinetic properties necessary to provide a rapid rate of inactivation systemically following a very low dose. With excellent in vivo efficacy and a very desirable tolerability profile, 5a (branebrutinib, BMS-986195) has advanced into clinical studies.
Asunto(s)
Agammaglobulinemia Tirosina Quinasa/antagonistas & inhibidores , Descubrimiento de Drogas , Indoles/farmacología , Piperidinas/farmacología , Inhibidores de Proteínas Quinasas/farmacología , Animales , Artritis Reumatoide/tratamiento farmacológico , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Humanos , Indoles/farmacocinética , Indoles/uso terapéutico , Concentración 50 Inhibidora , Lupus Eritematoso Sistémico/tratamiento farmacológico , Macaca fascicularis , Ratones , Piperidinas/farmacocinética , Piperidinas/uso terapéutico , Inhibidores de Proteínas Quinasas/farmacocinética , Inhibidores de Proteínas Quinasas/uso terapéuticoRESUMEN
Incorporation of a suitably-placed electrophilic group transformed a series of reversible BTK inhibitors based on carbazole-1-carboxamide and tetrahydrocarbazole-1-carboxamide into potent, irreversible inhibitors. Removal of one ring from the core of these compounds provided a potent irreversible series of 2,3-dimethylindole-7-carboxamides having excellent potency and improved selectivity, with the additional advantages of reduced lipophilicity and molecular weight.
Asunto(s)
Agammaglobulinemia Tirosina Quinasa/antagonistas & inhibidores , Carbazoles/farmacología , Indoles/farmacología , Inhibidores de Proteínas Quinasas/farmacología , Agammaglobulinemia Tirosina Quinasa/metabolismo , Carbazoles/síntesis química , Carbazoles/química , Cristalografía por Rayos X , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Humanos , Indoles/síntesis química , Indoles/química , Modelos Moleculares , Estructura Molecular , Inhibidores de Proteínas Quinasas/síntesis química , Inhibidores de Proteínas Quinasas/química , Relación Estructura-ActividadRESUMEN
PI3Kδ plays an important role controlling immune cell function and has therefore been identified as a potential target for the treatment of immunological disorders. This article highlights our work toward the identification of a potent, selective, and efficacious PI3Kδ inhibitor. Through careful SAR, the successful replacement of a polar pyrazole group by a simple chloro or trifluoromethyl group led to improved Caco-2 permeability, reduced Caco-2 efflux, reduced hERG PC activity, and increased selectivity profile while maintaining potency in the CD69 hWB assay. The optimization of the aryl substitution then identified a 4'-CN group that improved the human/rodent correlation in microsomal metabolic stability. Our lead molecule is very potent in PK/PD assays and highly efficacious in a mouse collagen-induced arthritis model.
Asunto(s)
Artritis Experimental/tratamiento farmacológico , Evaluación Preclínica de Medicamentos/métodos , Inhibidores Enzimáticos/farmacología , Inhibidores de las Quinasa Fosfoinosítidos-3 , Relación Estructura-Actividad , Animales , Antígenos CD/metabolismo , Antígenos de Diferenciación de Linfocitos T/metabolismo , Células CACO-2/efectos de los fármacos , Células CACO-2/inmunología , Perros , Canal de Potasio ERG1/metabolismo , Inhibidores Enzimáticos/química , Femenino , Humanos , Enfermedades del Sistema Inmune/tratamiento farmacológico , Isoenzimas/antagonistas & inhibidores , Isoenzimas/metabolismo , Lectinas Tipo C/metabolismo , Masculino , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C , Pirazoles/química , Pirazoles/metabolismo , Pirazoles/farmacología , ConejosRESUMEN
Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK), a nonreceptor tyrosine kinase, is a member of the Tec family of kinases. BTK plays an essential role in B cell receptor (BCR)-mediated signaling as well as Fcγ receptor signaling in monocytes and Fcε receptor signaling in mast cells and basophils, all of which have been implicated in the pathophysiology of autoimmune disease. As a result, inhibition of BTK is anticipated to provide an effective strategy for the clinical treatment of autoimmune diseases such as lupus and rheumatoid arthritis. This article details the structure-activity relationships (SAR) leading to a novel series of highly potent and selective carbazole and tetrahydrocarbazole based, reversible inhibitors of BTK. Of particular interest is that two atropisomeric centers were rotationally locked to provide a single, stable atropisomer, resulting in enhanced potency and selectivity as well as a reduction in safety liabilities. With significantly enhanced potency and selectivity, excellent in vivo properties and efficacy, and a very desirable tolerability and safety profile, 14f (BMS-986142) was advanced into clinical studies.
Asunto(s)
Carbazoles/química , Carbazoles/farmacología , Inhibidores de Proteínas Quinasas/química , Inhibidores de Proteínas Quinasas/farmacología , Proteínas Tirosina Quinasas/antagonistas & inhibidores , Agammaglobulinemia Tirosina Quinasa , Animales , Carbazoles/farmacocinética , Cristalografía por Rayos X , Femenino , Humanos , Isomerismo , Macaca fascicularis , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C , Modelos Moleculares , Inhibidores de Proteínas Quinasas/farmacocinética , Proteínas Tirosina Quinasas/metabolismo , Quinazolinas/química , Quinazolinas/farmacocinética , Quinazolinas/farmacología , Relación Estructura-ActividadRESUMEN
Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) belongs to the TEC family of nonreceptor tyrosine kinases and plays a critical role in multiple cell types responsible for numerous autoimmune diseases. This article will detail the structure-activity relationships (SARs) leading to a novel second generation series of potent and selective reversible carbazole inhibitors of BTK. With an excellent pharmacokinetic profile as well as demonstrated in vivo activity and an acceptable safety profile, 7-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-4-[2-methyl-3-(4-oxo-3,4-dihydroquinazolin-3-yl)phenyl]-9H-carbazole-1-carboxamide 6 (BMS-935177) was selected to advance into clinical development.
Asunto(s)
Antirreumáticos/química , Carbazoles/química , Proteínas Tirosina Quinasas/antagonistas & inhibidores , Quinazolinonas/química , Administración Oral , Agammaglobulinemia Tirosina Quinasa , Animales , Antirreumáticos/síntesis química , Antirreumáticos/farmacocinética , Antirreumáticos/farmacología , Artritis Experimental/tratamiento farmacológico , Artritis Experimental/patología , Artritis Reumatoide/tratamiento farmacológico , Artritis Reumatoide/patología , Disponibilidad Biológica , Carbazoles/síntesis química , Carbazoles/farmacocinética , Carbazoles/farmacología , Línea Celular , Cristalografía por Rayos X , Perros , Humanos , Macaca fascicularis , Ratones , Microsomas Hepáticos/metabolismo , Permeabilidad , Proteínas Tirosina Quinasas/química , Quinazolinonas/síntesis química , Quinazolinonas/farmacocinética , Quinazolinonas/farmacología , Relación Estructura-ActividadRESUMEN
A novel cyclohexenyl series of CCR2 antagonists has been discovered. This series of small, rigid compounds exhibits submicromolar binding affinity for CCR2. Modification of the substituents on the cyclohexene ring led to the identification of potent CCR2 antagonists. Progress from initial lead 5 (IC50=700nM) to (-)-38 (IC50=9.0nM) is discussed.
Asunto(s)
Ciclohexenos/química , Ciclohexenos/farmacología , Receptores CCR2/antagonistas & inhibidores , Ciclohexenos/síntesis química , Descubrimiento de Drogas , Humanos , Modelos Moleculares , Receptores CCR2/metabolismo , Relación Estructura-ActividadRESUMEN
Four series of disubstituted carbazole-1-carboxamides were designed and synthesised as inhibitors of Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK). 4,7- and 4,6-disubstituted carbazole-1-carboxamides were potent and selective inhibitors of BTK, while 3,7- and 3,6-disubstituted carbazole-1-carboxamides were potent and selective inhibitors of Janus kinase 2 (JAK2).
Asunto(s)
Amidas/farmacología , Carbazoles/farmacología , Diseño de Fármacos , Janus Quinasa 2/antagonistas & inhibidores , Inhibidores de Proteínas Quinasas/farmacología , Proteínas Tirosina Quinasas/antagonistas & inhibidores , Amidas/síntesis química , Amidas/química , Carbazoles/química , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Humanos , Janus Quinasa 2/metabolismo , Estructura Molecular , Inhibidores de Proteínas Quinasas/síntesis química , Inhibidores de Proteínas Quinasas/química , Proteínas Tirosina Quinasas/metabolismo , Relación Estructura-ActividadRESUMEN
We describe the hybridization of our previously reported acyclic and cyclic CC chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2) antagonists to lead to a new series of dual antagonists of CCR2 and CCR5. Installation of a γ-lactam as the spacer group and a quinazoline as a benzamide mimetic improved oral bioavailability markedly. These efforts led to the identification of 13d, a potent and orally bioavailable dual antagonist suitable for use in both murine and monkey models of inflammation.
RESUMEN
Conformational analysis of the 3-benzylpiperidine in CCR3 antagonist clinical candidate 1 (BMS-639623) predicts that the benzylpiperidine may be replaced by acyclic, conformationally stabilized, anti-1,2-disubstituted phenethyl- and phenpropylamines. Ab initio calculations, enantioselective syntheses, and evaluation in CCR3 binding and chemotaxis assays of anti-1-methyl-2-hydroxyphenethyl- and phenpropylamine-containing CCR3 antagonists support this conformational correlation.
Asunto(s)
Piperidinas/química , Piperidinas/farmacología , Receptores CCR3/antagonistas & inhibidores , Urea/análogos & derivados , Ciclización , Enlace de Hidrógeno , Conformación Molecular , Urea/química , Urea/farmacologíaRESUMEN
DPC168, a benzylpiperidine-substituted aryl urea CCR3 antagonist evaluated in clinical trials, was a relatively potent inhibitor of the 2D6 isoform of cytochrome P-450 (CYP2D6). Replacement of the cyclohexyl central ring with saturated heterocycles provided potent CCR3 antagonists with improved selectivity against CYP2D6. The favorable preclinical profile of DPC168 was maintained in an acetylpiperidine derivative, BMS-570520.
Asunto(s)
Compuestos de Bencilo/química , Compuestos de Bencilo/farmacología , Inhibidores del Citocromo P-450 CYP2D6 , Compuestos de Fenilurea/química , Piperidinas/química , Piperidinas/farmacología , Receptores de Quimiocina/antagonistas & inhibidores , Animales , Compuestos de Bencilo/síntesis química , Bioensayo , Células Cultivadas , Humanos , Ratones , Pan troglodytes , Compuestos de Fenilurea/farmacología , Piperidinas/síntesis química , Receptores CCR3 , Relación Estructura-ActividadRESUMEN
The synthesis and structure-activity relationships of N-arylalkylpiperidylmethyl ureas as antagonists of the CC chemokine receptor-3 (CCR3) are presented. These compounds displayed potent binding to the receptor as well as functional antagonism of eotaxin-elicited effects on eosinophils.
Asunto(s)
Piperidinas/síntesis química , Receptores de Quimiocina/antagonistas & inhibidores , Urea/síntesis química , Señalización del Calcio/efectos de los fármacos , Quimiocina CCL11 , Quimiocinas CC/farmacología , Interacciones Farmacológicas , Eosinófilos/efectos de los fármacos , Humanos , Concentración 50 Inhibidora , Piperidinas/farmacología , Unión Proteica , Receptores CCR3 , Relación Estructura-Actividad , Urea/farmacologíaRESUMEN
Structural features of a 5-amidinoindole inhibitor of factor Xa, which displayed modest inhibition of factor IXa were varied to increase potency and improve selectivity for factor IXa.