Quality of Reporting Using Good Reporting of A Mixed Methods Study Criteria in Chiropractic Mixed Methods Research: A Methodological Review.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this review was to examine the reporting in chiropractic mixed methods research using Good Reporting of A Mixed Methods Study (GRAMMS) criteria. METHODS: In this methodological review, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, and the Index to Chiropractic Literature from the inception of each database to December 31, 2020, for chiropractic studies reporting the use of both qualitative and quantitative methods or mixed qualitative methods. Pairs of reviewers independently screened titles, abstracts, and full-text studies, extracted data, and appraised reporting using the GRAMMS criteria and risk of bias with the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT). Generalized estimating equations were used to explore factors associated with reporting using GRAMMS criteria. RESULTS: Of 1040 citations, 55 studies were eligible for review. Thirty-seven of these 55 articles employed either a multistage or convergent mixed methods design, and, on average, 3 of 6 GRAMMS items were reported among included studies. We found a strong positive correlation in scores between the GRAMMS and MMAT instruments (r = 0.78; 95% CI, 0.66-0.87). In our adjusted analysis, publications in journals indexed in Web of Science (adjusted odds ratio = 2.71; 95% CI, 1.48-4.95) were associated with higher reporting using GRAMMS criteria. Three of the 55 studies fully adhered to all 6 GRAMMS criteria, 4 studies adhered to 5 criteria, 10 studies adhered to 4 criteria, and the remaining 38 adhered to 3 criteria or fewer. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that reporting in chiropractic mixed methods research using GRAMMS criteria was poor, particularly among studies with a higher risk of bias.

Risk of bias in chiropractic mixed methods research: a secondary analysis of a meta-epidemiological review.

Objective: To examine the risk of bias in chiropractic mixed methods research. Methods: We performed a secondary analysis of a meta-epidemiological review of chiropractic mixed methods studies. We assessed risk of bias with the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT) and used generalized estimating equations to explore factors associated with risk of bias. Results: Among 55 eligible studies, a mean of 62% (6.8 [2.3]/11) of MMAT items were fulfilled. In our adjusted analysis, studies published since 2010 versus pre-2010 (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 2.26; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.39 to 3.68) and those published in journals with an impact factor versus no impact factor (aOR = 2.21; 95% CI, 1.33 to 3.68) were associated with lower risk of bias. Conclusion: Our findings suggest opportunities for improvement in the quality of conduct among published chiropractic mixed methods studies. Author compliance with the MMAT criteria may reduce methodological bias in future mixed methods research.

Objectif: examiner le risque de biais dans la recherche sur les méthodes mixtes chiropratiques. Méthodologie: nous avons effectué une analyse secondaire d'un examen méta-épidémiologique d'études de méthodes mixtes chiropratiques. Nous avons examiné le risque de biais avec The Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool, MMAT (l'outil d'évaluation des méthodes mixtes), et utilisé des équations d'estimation généralisées pour explorer les facteurs associés au risque de biais. Résultats: parmi 55 études admissibles, une moyenne de 62 % (6,8 [2,3]/11) des items du MMAT ont été remplis. Dans notre analyse ajustée, les études publiées depuis 2010 versus celles d'avant 2010 (rapport de cotes [aOR] ajusté = 2,26; intervalle de confiance [IC] à 95 %, 1,39 à 3,68), et celles publiées dans des revues avec un indice de citations versus aucun indice de citations (aOR = 2,21; IC à 95 %, 1,33 à 3,68) étaient associées à un risque de biais plus faible. Conclusion: nos résultats suggèrent des opportunités d'amélioration de la qualité de la conduite parmi les études publiées sur les méthodes mixtes chiropratiques. La conformité des auteurs aux critères MMAT peut réduire les biais méthodologiques dans les futures recherches sur les méthodes mixtes.

Quality of reporting in chiropractic mixed methods research: a methodological review protocol.

BACKGROUND: Mixed methods designs are increasingly used in health care research to enrich findings. However, little is known about the frequency of use of this methodology in chiropractic research, or the quality of reporting among chiropractic studies using mixed methods. OBJECTIVE: To quantify the use and quality of mixed methods in chiropractic research, and explore the association of study characteristics (e.g., authorship, expertise, journal impact factor, country and year of publication) with reporting quality. METHODS: We will conduct a systematic search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, and the Index to Chiropractic Literature to identify all chiropractic mixed methods studies published from inception of each database to December 31, 2020. Articles reporting the use of both qualitative and quantitative methods, or mixed qualitative methods, will be included. Pairs of reviewers will perform article screening, data extraction, risk of bias with the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT), and appraisal of reporting quality using the Good Reporting of A Mixed Methods Study (GRAMMS) guideline. We will explore the correlation between GRAMMS and MMAT scores, and construct generalized estimating equations to explore factors associated with reporting quality. DISCUSSION: This will be the first methodological review to examine the reporting quality of published mixed methods studies involving chiropractic research. The results of our review will inform opportunities to improve reporting in chiropractic mixed methods studies. Our results will be disseminated in a peer-reviewed publication and presented publicly at conferences and as part of a doctoral thesis.

An approach to interprofessional management of complex patients: a case report.

INTRODUCTION: Complex patients are frequently high-users of health care resources. Case management has been demonstrated to be an effective and efficient approach for this demographic. CASE PRESENTATION: A 36-year old, medically complex male patient was referred to an interprofessional primary care team to optimize health status. Team involvement included a case manager, nurse practitioner, pharmacist, social worker, team assistant and chiropractor. Interventions involved medication management, smoking cessation, mindfulness skills and musculoskeletal treatment. SUMMARY: Complex patients are increasingly managed by teams. To continue, these teams will have to demonstrate positive outcomes and cost-effectiveness. Chiropractors have skills that can enhance team-based patient care.

INTRODUCTION: Les patients ayant des besoins complexes sont souvent ceux qui utilisent le plus les ressources en soins de santé. La gestion de cas s'est avérée être une approche efficace et efficiente pour ce groupe de personnes. PRÉSENTATION DE CAS: Un patient de 36 ans présentant des problèmes de santé complexes a été dirigé vers une équipe interprofessionnelle de soins primaires afin d'optimiser son état de santé. L'équipe comprenait un gestionnaire de cas, un infirmier praticien, un pharmacien, un travailleur social, un assistant d'équipe et un chiropraticien. Les interventions portaient sur la gestion des médicaments, l'abandon du tabac, les compétences liées à la pleine conscience et le traitement musculosquelettique. RÉSUMÉ: Les patients ayant des besoins complexes sont de plus en plus pris en charge par des équipes. Pour continuer à exercer, ces équipes devront démontrer des résultats positifs et un bon rapport coût-efficacité. Les chiropraticiens ont des compétences qui peuvent améliorer les soins aux patients dispensés en équipe.

Melanoma in situ: a case report from the patient's perspective.

INTRODUCTION: Melanoma can be a fatal form of skin cancer. The prognosis rapidly deteriorates from the in situ stage (stage 0) to stage 4. As such, early detection and treatment are key. CASE PRESENTATION: A middle-aged patient, who was also a chiropractor, self-identified a small skin lesion using the Chiropractors Guide to Skin Cancer. The primary care physician made a dermatology referral, and biopsy identified melanoma. Surgery was subsequently booked and the lesion was excised with a 5 mm margin. The final pathology report confirmed a diagnosis of melanoma in situ. SUMMARY: As primary contact health care providers chiropractors can play a significant role in the potential identification and initiation of investigations into various possible dermatological disorders including skin cancer. Efforts should be made to diagnose melanoma at the in situ stage to ensure the best outcome.

INTRODUCTION: Le mélanome est un cancer de la peau pouvant être fatal. Le pronostic s'assombrit rapidement entre le stade 0 (mélanome in situ) et le stade 4. Un dépistage et un traitement précoces sont essentiels. PRÉSENTATION DU CAS: Un patient d'âge mûr, qui était aussi un chiropraticien, a décelé chez lui une petite lésion cutanée à l'aide du Chiropractors Guide to Skin Cancer (guide servant à aider le chiropraticien à dépister un cancer de la peau). Un médecin de premier recours l'a dirigé vers un dermatologue; l'examen de la biopsie a révélé un mélanome. Un rendez-vous en chirurgie a été pris. La lésion et une marge chirurgicale de 5 mm ont été excisées. Le rapport final du laboratoire de pathologie a confirmé le diagnostic d'un mélanome in situ. RÉSUMÉ: À titre de fournisseurs de soins de santé primaires, les chiropraticiens peuvent jouer un rôle important dans le dépistage de diverses affections cutanées dont le cancer de la peau et l'amorce des examens exploratoires. On devrait déployer des efforts pour que le mélanome soit diagnostiqué au stade 0 (mélanome in situ) pour assurer la meilleure issue possible.

Nonfunctioning pituitary macroadenoma: a case report from the patient perspective.

BACKGROUND: Nonfunctioning pituitary macroadenoma (NFPA) is a tumour of the endocrine system that is virtually always benign and can be difficult to detect. This case report is presented from the patient's perspective to highlight experiences that led to the eventual diagnosis of this condition. CASE PRESENTATION: A 48 year-old male experienced prolonged and unexplained reduced athletic performance worsening over five years. The patient reported decreased libido, which initiated a testosterone blood test. This confirmed reduced testosterone levels and resulted in an endocrinology referral. A subsequent dynamic contrast MRI of the pituitary region revealed a mass. The most frequent symptoms of NFPA are visual field defects, headaches and features of hypopituitarism (includes fatigue, dizziness, dry skin, irregular periods in women and sexual dysfunction in men). CONCLUSION: Clinicians should consider this differential diagnosis in middle-aged athletes with diminished athletic performance from an unknown cause, test visual fields and inquire if symptoms of headaches or hypopituitarism are present.

Community-based falls prevention: lessons from an Interprofessional Mobility Clinic.

Falls are a common and serious risk with an aging population. Chiropractors commonly see firsthand the effects of falls and resulting injuries in their senior patients and they can reduce falls risk through active screening. Ongoing research has provided proven approaches for making falls less likely. Screening for falls should be done yearly for all patients 65 years and older or in those with a predisposing medical condition. Additional specific falls prevention professional education would enable the chiropractor to best assist these patients. Collaboration and communication with the patient's family physician offers an opportunity for improved interprofessional dialogue to enhance patient care related to falls risk. Frequently falls prevention strategies are implemented by an interprofessional team. Chiropractors increasingly contribute within multidisciplinary teams. Collaboration by the chiropractor requires both simple screening and knowledge of health care system navigation. Such awareness can permit optimal participation in the care of their patient and the best outcome.

Les chutes présentent un risque commun et grave chez une population vieillissante. Les chiropraticiens constatent habituellement directement les effets des chutes et les blessures conséquentes chez leurs patients âgés; et ils peuvent en réduire les risques grâce à un dépistage actif. Des recherches continues fournissent des méthodes vérifiées de réduction de la probabilité de chutes. Un dépistage des risques de chute doit être effectué chaque année pour tous les patients de 65 ans et plus, ou pour ceux dont l'état de santé les prédispose. Une formation professionnelle supplémentaire spécifique dans la prévention des chutes permettrait au chiropraticien de mieux aider ces patients. La collaboration et la communication avec le médecin de famille du patient offrent une occasion d'améliorer le dialogue interprofessionnel au profit de meilleurs soins prodigués au patient sur les risques de chute. Souvent les stratégies en matière de prévention des chutes sont mises en place par une équipe interprofessionnelle. Les chiropraticiens œuvrent de plus en plus au sein d'équipes multidisciplinaires. La collaboration des chiropraticiens nécessite des compétences pour de simples dépistages, ainsi que des connaissances pour s'orienter dans le système des soins de santé. De telles connaissances permettront au chiropraticien une participation optimale aux soins de son patient et l'obtention des meilleurs résultats.