[Data analysis on HIV/AIDS sentinel surveillance programs targeting community population in Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture, 2010-2015].

Objective: To investigate the epidemiologic and behavioral characteristics of HIV among community population in Liangshan prefecture. Methods: We collected social demographic, behavioral and serological information by means of the monitoring questionnaire and serological tests. Data was analyzed by using the chi-square test and logistic regression. Results: From April to June of 2010 to 2015, 14 092 cases of community population were selected as the study objects, with 267 cases diagnosed as HIV positive patients. The HIV positive rates were 3.24%, 3.07%, 1.17%, 1.38%,1.42% and 1.25%, respectively. We observed that when community population having the following characteristics as: living in Butuo country (OR=3.83), being males (OR=1.77), being Yi nationality (OR=4.40) being widowed (OR=28.57), with history of drug abuse (OR=3.71) or injecting drug use (PWID) (OR=4.92), or history of needle sharing among PWID (OR=8.53), were under higher risks for HIV infection. With histories as: having had secondary or above levels of schooling (OR=0.59), having protected sex with regular partners (OR=0.21) and with non-regular partners (OR=0.46), they seemed to be somehow protected for getting HIV infection. Conclusion: The positive HIV rates of HIV among community population in Dechang, Ningnan and Butuo varied from 0.10% to 8.77% while the HIV transmission among general population remained challenging.

[HIV-infection related behaviors and preventive measures among unmarried youths from the rural areas in Liangshan prefecture, 2011-2013].

Objective: To analyze the HIV-infection related behaviors among unmarried youths in rural areas of Liangshan prefecture from 2011 to 2013 and factors that influencing the HIV transmission in the population under research. Methods: According to the HIV sentinel surveillance methods for data collection, EpiData 3.1 and SPSS 19.0 were used to handle data and both Chi-square test and logistic regression were used to explore the related factors. Results: A total number of 5 871 qualified youths were involved in this study from 2011 to 2013 with the prevalence rate on HIV infection among those unmarried youths from the rural areas as 3.45% (201/5 833). 27.56% (1 607/5 833) of them had been working outside their hometown area. 31.72% (1 850/5 833) of the unmarried youths had sexual experiences, with 41.46% (767/1 850) of them had casual sex but the rate of consistent condom use was only 3.46% (64/1 850). 5.04% (294/5 833) of the unmarried youths admitted of ever having used drugs, with 34.35% (101/294) of them having the experiences of injecting, with 84.16% (85/101) of them sharing needles. Rates on factors as: working outside the resident areas, ever having had casual sexual behaviors, drug use and injecting drug use were seen higher among HIV infections, with differences statistically significant (χ(2)=88.72, 104.43, 4.20, 154.39, 55.94, P<0.05). Results from the logistic regression showed that factors as: being male,Yi ethnicity, illiteracy, experience of working outside the resident area, never or casual condom use and needle-sharing drug use etc. would significantly increase the risk of HIV infection. Conclusions: HIV infection among unmarried youths from rural areas in Liangshan prefecture called for attention because of the high rates of risk behaviors. Factors as: having had sexual experiences with low condom use, popular injecting drug use with needle sharing, being male, under Yi ethnicity, with lower education level and ever working outside the resident area etc. were under risks that related to HIV infection for unmarried youths in this area.

Clinical effects and safety review of self-expanding stent surgery for extracranial carotid artery stenosis treatment.

This study aimed to investigate the clinical effects and safety review of self-expanding stent surgery in the treatment of extracranial carotid artery stenosis. Seventy-eight patients with carotid artery stenosis were applied with the self-expanding stent for endovascular interventional therapy. Eighty-one stents were implanted into 80 blood vessels of the 78 patients, in which protective umbrellas were used in 56 cases, and the success rate of stent implantation was 100%. The stenosis degree decreased from the preoperative (86.72 ± 9.5%) to the postoperative (13.43 ± 5.62%) stage, and the blood peak velocity of the stenosed vessels decreased from 189.58 ± 13.5 to 83.73 ± 5.61 cm/s. Transient blood pressure and heart rate decreases occurred in 21 cases, continuously low blood pressure and heart rate decreasing occurred in 29 cases, and acute occlusion of the ipsilateral middle cerebral artery occurred in 1 case, which was resolved through thrombolysis and thrombus breaking in time. Over-perfusion symptoms were observed in 13 cases, although without serious complications such as cerebral hemorrhage. The follow-up period continued for 6-32 months, and ultrasonography revealed that 77 cases had no stent-restenosis, while 1 case had restenosis. The application of self-expanding stents had good clinical effects, with fewer complications and higher safety for the treatment of extracranial carotid artery stenosis.