Cisplatin eligibility in the neoadjuvant setting of patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer undergoing radical cystectomy.

BACKGROUND: To examine the agreement of different calculated estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) formulas and measured creatinine clearance (CrCI) at the primary diagnosis of muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed a multicenter analysis of patients with MIBC, treated with cisplatin-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) and radical cystectomy (RC), or with RC alone, between 2011 and 2021. Baseline eGFR was computed using 4 calculated serum equations including Cockcroft-Gault (CG), MDRD, CKD-EPI 2009, and race-free CKD-EPI 2021. To examine the association between calculated eGFR and measured CrCI, subgroup analyses were performed among patients in whom measured 24-hour urine CrCl was determined. Cisplatin-ineligibility was defined as CrCI and/or eGFR < 60 mL/minute per 1.73 m2. RESULTS: Of 956 patients, 30.0%, 33.3%, 31.9%, and 27.7% were found to be cisplatin-ineligible by the CG, MDRD, CKD-EPI, and race-free CKD-EPI equations (P = .052). The concordance between calculated eGFR formulas was rated substantial (Cohen's kappa (k): 0.66-0.95). Among the subgroup (n = 245) with measured CrCl, 37 (15.1%) patients had a CrCI less than 60 mL/minute. Concordance between measured CrCl and calculated eGFR was poor (ĸ: 0.29-0.40). All calculated eGFR formulas markedly underestimated the measured CrCI. Specifically, 78%-87.5% of patients with a calculated eGFR between 40 and 59 mL/minute exhibited a measured CrCI ≥ 60 mL/minute. CONCLUSIONS: Comparing calculated eGFR formulas, similar percentages of patients with MIBC were deemed cisplatin-ineligible. However, a significant number of patients could be upgraded by being cisplatin-fit based on measured CrCI, particularly when the calculated eGFR was falling within the gray range of 40-59 mL/minute.

Characteristics, trends, and management of Penile cancer in the United States: A population-based study.

BACKGROUND: Penile cancer (PeCa) is a rare disease. HPV infection, smoking, phimosis, and lichen sclerosus represent well-known associated risk factors. OBJECTIVES: Primary aim of our study is to evaluate the incidence and risk factors of PeCa and to outline the adopted diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. Secondary aim is to investigate risk factors associated with aggressive disease and to identify the complications arising from its surgical treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted a retrospective analysis using the PearlDiver™ Mariner database, from January 1, 2011, to December 31, 2021, identifying all patients diagnosed with PeCa and PeIN, evaluating comorbidities, risk factors, and social and economic conditions. We evaluated the imaging modalities employed for staging as well as the treatment strategies. Finally, we evaluated the most frequent complications associated with inguinal lymphadenectomy (ILND). RESULTS: During the study period, 17,494 patients were diagnosed with PeCa and 5,965 with penile intraepithelial neoplasia (PeIN). US was the most frequently utilized imaging modality, followed by PET and PET/CT. Use of CT and MRI was around 5%. Surgical treatment was the predominant strategy, utilized in 31.3% of PeCa and 22.9% of PeIN. Wide Local Excision/Glansectomy emerged as the most common surgical procedures. MLR analysis identified smoking as a risk factor for metastatic PeCa (OR; 95% CI = 1.49; 1.379-1.609), HPV infections were associated with a 35% decrease in risk (OR; 95% CI = 0.65; 0.562-0.744) (all P < 0.001). Lichen sclerosus and phimosis were associated with a doubled risk of demolitive surgery. Approximately 40% of patients experienced complications associated with ILND. CONCLUSION: Despite advances in PeCa management, there's no significant move toward more conservative treatments. Surgical treatments are still marked by high rates of complications, potentially affect the sexual and psychosocial health of patients. These issues may foster a tendency toward avoidance behaviors, contributing to a delayed clinical presentation and treatment.

Open versus Minimally Invasive Nephroureterectomy: Contemporary Analysis from a Wide National Population-Based Database.

BACKGROUND: It is generally perceived that minimally invasive nephroureterectomy (MINU), especially in the form of robotic-assisted laparoscopy, is gaining an increasing role in many institutions. OBJECTIVE: The aim of our study was to investigate contemporary trends in the adoption of MINU in the United States compared with open nephroureterectomy (ONU). METHODS: Patients who underwent ONU or MINU between 2011 and 2021 were retrospectively analyzed using PearlDiver Mariner, an all-payer insurance claims database. International Classification of Diseases diagnosis and procedure codes were used to identify the type of surgical procedure, patients' characteristics, social determinants of health (SDOH), and perioperative complications. The primary objective assessed different trends and costs in NU adoption, while secondary objectives analyzed factors influencing the postoperative complications, including SDOH. Outcomes were compared using multivariable regression models. RESULTS: Overall, 15,240 patients underwent ONU (n = 7675) and MINU (n = 7565). Utilization of ONU declined over the study period, whereas that of MINU increased from 29 to 72% (p = 0.01). The 60-day postoperative complication rate was 23% for ONU and 19% for MINU (p < 0.001). At multivariable analysis, ONU showed a significantly higher risk of postoperative complications (odds ratio 1.33, 95% CI 1.20-1.48). Approximately 5% and 9% of patients reported at least one SDOH at baseline for both ONU and MINU (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Contemporary trend analysis of a large national dataset confirms that there has been a significant shift towards MINU, which is gradually replacing ONU. A minimally invasive approach is associated with lower risk of complications. SDOH are non-clinical factors that currently do not have an impact on the outcomes of nephroureterectomy.

Suprapubic Transvesical Adenoma Resection of the Prostate (STAR-P): A Novel Technique for Surgical Treatment of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Several minimally invasive treatments have been developed to treat benign prostatic obstruction (BPO) via a transurethral approach, with a non-negligible risk of complications such as urethral stricture and external sphincter damage. Our aim was to present the Gozzi surgical technique for suprapubic transvesical adenoma resection of the prostate (STAR-P) for BPO and to assess its safety, feasibility, and outcomes. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective analysis of 44 consecutive patients who underwent STAR-P for BPO. All the procedures were performed in a single private hospital by one surgeon from 2020 to 2022. An innovative resectoscope designed by the surgeon was subsequently produced by Tontarra Medizintechnik (Wurmlingen, Germany) with a 42.06 Fr external sheath that allows the use of loops of three different sizes. The instrument is inserted into the bladder via suprapubic access, which ensures greater freedom of movement without compromising the external sphincter. Clinical data were retrospectively collected. Preoperative and intraoperative variables, postoperative complications, and functional outcomes of the STAR-P procedure were assessed. A descriptive statistical analysis was performed. KEY FINDINGS AND LIMITATIONS: No intraoperative complications were observed. Two patients (4.5%) experienced urinary urgency symptoms after catheter removal that resolved within 90 d. Median times were 105 min for surgery overall and 65 min for resection. All patients showed an improvement in voiding quality. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: STAR-P is a safe, feasible, and cost-effective procedure that spares the bulbomembranous and penile urethra and the external urethral sphincter, and should be discussed with patients as a possible option for treatment of BPO. PATIENT SUMMARY: We describe a new, safe, and feasible technique for surgical treatment of urinary obstruction caused by a large prostate. Keyhole surgery is performed through the lower abdomen, which means that the urethra below the prostate is not damaged. Only a small scar of 2-3 cm in the lower abdomen is evident at the end of the healing process.

Assessing risk of lymph node invasion in complete responders to neoadjuvant chemotherapy for muscle-invasive bladder cancer.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the lymph node invasion (LNI) rate in patients exhibiting complete pathological response (CR) to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) and to test the association of CR status with lower LNI and better survival outcomes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We included patients with bladder cancer (BCa; cT2-4a; cN0; cM0) treated with NAC and radical cystectomy (RC) + pelvic lymph node dissection (PLND) at our institution between 2012 and 2022 (N = 157). CR (ypT0) and LNI (ypN+) were defined at final pathology. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to test the association between CR and LNI after adjusting for number of lymph nodes removed (NLR). Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analyses were used to assess overall survival (OS), metastasis-free survival (MFS) and disease free-survival (DFS) according to CR status. RESULTS: Overall CR and LNI rates were 40.1% and 19%, respectively. The median (interquartile range [IQR]) NLR was 26 (19-36). The LNI rate was lower in patients with CR vs those without CR (2 [3.2%] vs 61 [29.8%]; P < 0.001). After adjusting for NLR, CR reduced the LNI risk by 93% (odds ratio 0.07, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.01-0.25; P < 0.001). Kaplan-Meier plots depicted better 5-year OS (69.7 vs 52.2%), MFS (68.3 vs 45.5%) and DFS (66.6 vs 43.5%) in patients with CR vs those without CR. After multivariable adjustments, CR independently reduced the risk of death (hazard ratio [HR] 0.44, 95% CI 0.24-0.81; P = 0.008), metastatic progression (HR 0.41, 95% CI 0.23-0.71; P = 0.002) and disease progression (HR 0.41, 95% CI 0.24-0.70; P = 0.001). CONCLUSION: Based on these findings, we postulate that PLND could potentially be omitted in patients exhibiting CR after NAC, due to negligible risk of LNI. Prospective Phase II trials are needed to explore this challenging hypothesis.

Robotic distal ureterectomy for high-risk distal ureteral urothelial carcinoma: a retrospective multicenter comparative analysis (ROBUUST 2.0 collaborative group).

BACKGROUND: The role of kidney-sparing surgery in patients with high-risk upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma is controversial. The present study aimed to assess oncological and functional outcomes of robot-assisted distal ureterectomy in patients with high-risk distal ureteral tumors. METHODS: The ROBUUST 2.0 multicenter international (2015-2022) dataset was used for this retrospective cohort analysis. High-risk patients with distal ureteral tumors were divided based on type of surgery: robot-assisted distal ureterectomy or robot-assisted nephroureterectomy. A survival analysis was performed for local recurrence-free survival, distant metastasis-free survival, and overall survival. After adjusting for clinical features of the high-risk prognostic group, Cox proportional hazard model was plotted to evaluate significant predictors of time-to-event outcomes. RESULTS: Overall, 477 patients were retrieved, of which 58 received robot-assisted distal ureterectomy and 419 robot-assisted nephroureterectomy, respectively, with a mean (±SD) follow-up of 29.6 months (±2.6). The two groups were comparable in terms of baseline features. At survival analysis, no significant difference was observed in terms of recurrence-free survival (P=0.6), metastasis-free survival (P=0.5) and overall survival (P=0.7) between robot-assisted distal ureterectomy and robot-assisted nephroureterectomy. At Cox regression analysis, type of surgery was never a significant predictor of worse oncological outcomes. At last follow-up patients undergoing robot-assisted distal ureterectomy had significantly better postoperative renal function. CONCLUSIONS: Comparable outcomes in terms of recurrence-free survival, metastasis-free survival, and overall survival between robot-assisted distal ureterectomy and robot-assisted nephroureterectomy patients, and better postoperative renal function preservation in the former group were observed. Kidney-sparing surgery should be considered as a potential option for selected patients with high-risk distal ureteral UTUC.

Incidence, Timing, and Pattern of Atypical Recurrence after Minimally Invasive Surgery for Urothelial Carcinoma.

The management of urothelial carcinoma has evolved with the introduction of minimally invasive techniques such as laparoscopic or robotic procedures, challenging the traditional approach of open surgery, and giving rise to atypical recurrences (ARs). ARs include port-site metastasis and peritoneal carcinomatosis, yet discrepancies persist among authors regarding their precise classification. Incidence rates of ARs vary widely across studies, ranging from less than 1% to over 10% in both muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) and upper tract urothelial tumor (UTUC). Peritoneal metastases predominate as the most common ARs in patients with MIBC, while retroperitoneal metastases are prevalent in those with UTUC due to differing surgical approaches. The timing of AR presentation and survival outcomes closely mirror those of conventional recurrences, with which they are frequently associated. Pneumoperitoneum has progressively been regarded less as the cause of ARs, while surgical-related risk factors have gained prominence. Current major surgical-related causes include tumor spillage and urinary tract violation during surgery, avoidance of endo bag use for specimen extraction, and low surgical experience. Factors such as tumor stage, histological variants, and lympho-vascular invasion correlate with the risk of ARs, suggesting a close association with tumor biology. Further studies are required to better understand the incidence, risk factors, characteristics, and outcomes of ARs.

Purely Off-Clamp Sutureless Robotic Partial Nephrectomy for Novice Robotic Surgeons: A Multi-Institutional Propensity Score-Matched Analysis.

Objectives: To compare perioperative outcomes of patients treated with sutureless off-clamp robotic partial nephrectomy (sl-oc RAPN) by either a novice or an expert robotic surgeon at two different institutions. Methods: Data concerning two continuous series of patients with cT1-2N0M0 renal tumors treated with sl-oc RAPN either by a novice or an expert surgeon were extracted from prospectively populated institutional databases over the last 4 years. Perioperative outcomes as well as the baseline characteristics of patients and tumors were compared by using χ2 and Mann-Whitney tests for categorical and continuous variables, respectively. A 1:1 propensity match score analysis (PMSa) generated two homogeneous cohorts. Logistic regression analysis was performed to assess predictors of trifecta outcomes, defined as negative surgical margins, no Clavien-Dindo ≧ 3 grade complications, and no ≧ 30% postoperative eGFR reduction. Results: Overall, 328 patients were treated by an expert surgeon, while 40 were treated by a novice surgeon. After PMSa analysis, two cohorts of 23 patients each were generated, homogeneous for all baseline variables (p ≥ 0.07). Hospital stay was the only significantly different outcome observed between the two groups (5 days vs. 2 days; p < 0.001). No statistically significant differences were recorded when comparing trifecta outcomes (expert: 100% vs. novice: 87%; p = 0.07). In the logistic regression analysis, no statistically significant predictors of trifecta outcomes were recorded. Conclusions: sl-oc RAPN is a feasible and safe nephron sparing technique, even when performed by a novice robotic surgeon.

Incidence and Management of Radiation Cystitis After Pelvic Radiotherapy for Prostate Cancer: Analysis From a National Database.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the incidence of radiation cystitis on prostate cancer (PCa) patients undergoing pelvic radiotherapy (RT), evaluating the most used management strategies, and identifying potential risk factors associated with the development of this condition. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted using the PearlDiver Mariner database, containing patient records compiled between 2011 and 2022. International Classification of Diseases (ICD) and Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) codes were employed to identify population and outcomes. We evaluated patients who underwent RT for PCa and subsequently developed radiation cystitis. Primary objective was to determine the overall incidence of radiation cystitis. Furthermore, we investigated its associated risk factors and management. RESULTS: A total of 274,865 PCa patients underwent RT during the study period. Of these, 48,713 (17.7%) experienced hematuria following RT, while 7721 (2.8%) were diagnosed with radiation cystitis. After the diagnosis, 2307 patients (29.9%) received diagnostic or therapeutic endoscopic interventions. Only 59 patients (0.76%) underwent endovascular embolization, while 151 patients (1.95%) required cystectomy. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy, administered to 1287 patients (16.67%), was the only treatment that displayed a significant upward trend. Multivariate logistic regression identified obesity (OR 1.29; 95% CI 1.23-1.35), smoking (OR 1.27; 95% CI 1.22-1.33), and diabetes (OR 1.32; 95% CI 1.26-1.39), as significant risk factors for radiation cystitis (all P-values <.001). CONCLUSION: Radiation cystitis represents a rare complication after pelvic RT with significant clinical impact. Its incidence has remained stable throughout the study period. The identified risk factors corroborate the pathophysiology of radiation cystitis. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy was the only treatment to show an upward trend during the study period.

Incidence and management of BPH surgery-related urethral stricture: results from a large U.S. database.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Urethral stricture (US) is a well-known complication after surgical treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). This study aimed to evaluate the contemporary incidence of the US after different types of BPH surgery, to identify associated risk factors and to assess its management. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted using the PearlDiver™ Mariner database, containing de-identified patient records compiled between 2011 and 2022. Specific International Classification of Diseases (ICD) and Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) codes were employed to identify population characteristics and outcomes. All the most employed surgical procedures for BPH treatment were considered. Multivariable logistic regression was employed to evaluate factors associated with diagnosis of post-operative US. RESULTS: Among 274,808 patients who underwent BPH surgery, 10,918 developed post-operative US (3.97%) within 12 months. Higher incidence of US was observed following TURP (4.48%), Transurethral Incision of the Prostate (TUIP) (3.67%), Photoselective Vaporization of the Prostate (PVP) (3.92%), HoLEP/ThuLEP (3.85%), and open Simple Prostatectomy (SP) (3.21%). Lower incidence rates were observed after laparoscopic\robot-assisted SP (1.76%), Aquablation (1.59%), Prostatic Urethral Lift (PUL) (1.07%), Rezum (1.05%), and Prostatic Artery Embolization (PAE) (0.65%). Multivariable analysis showed that patients undergoing PUL, Rezum, Aquablation, PAE, and PVP were associated with a reduced likelihood of developing US compared to TURP. US required surgical treatment in 18.95% of patients, with direct visual internal urethrotomy (DVIU) and urethroplasty performed in 14.55% and 4.50% of cases, respectively. Urethral dilatation (UD) in an outpatient setting was the primary management in most cases (76.7%). CONCLUSIONS: The present analysis from a contemporary large dataset suggests that the incidence of US after BPH surgery is relatively low (<5%) and varies among procedures. Around 94% of US cases following BPH surgery are managed using minimally invasive treatment approaches such as UD and DVIU.

Trends and Costs of Minimally Invasive Surgery for Kidney Cancer in the US: A Population-based Study.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze temporal trends and costs associated with the use of minimally invasive surgery (MIS) for kidney cancer in the US over the past decade. To examine the impact of social determinants of health (SDOH) on perioperative outcomes. METHODS: The PearlDiver Mariner, a national database of insurance billing records, was queried for this retrospective observational cohort analysis. The MIS population was identified and stratified according to treatment modality, using International Classification of Diseases and current procedural terminology codes. SDOH were assessed using International Classification of Diseases codes. Negative binomial regression was used to evaluate the overall number of renal MIS and Cochran-Armitage tests to compare the utilization of different treatment modalities, over the study period. Multivariable logistic regression analysis identified predictors of perioperative complications. RESULTS: A total of 80,821 MIS for kidney cancer were included. Minimally invasive partial nephrectomy adoption as a fraction of total MIS increased significantly (slope of regression line, reg. = 0.026, P <.001). Minimally invasive radical nephrectomy ($26.9k ± 40.9k) and renal ablation ($18.9k ± 31.6k) were the most expensive and cheapest procedures, respectively. No statistically significant difference was observed in terms of number of complications (P = .06) and presence of SDOH (P = .07) among the treatment groups. At multivariable analysis, patients with SDOH undergoing minimally invasive radical nephrectomy had higher odds of perioperative complications, while renal ablation had a significantly lower probability of perioperative complications. CONCLUSION: This study describes the current management of kidney cancer in the US, offering a socioeconomic perspective on the impact of this disease in everyday clinical practice.

Comparative Outcomes of Open Radical Cystectomy vs. Robot-Assisted Approaches with Intracorporeal and Extracorporeal Urinary Diversion: A Meta-Analysis and Network Meta-Analysis of Perioperative and Quality of Life Outcomes.

Background: To conduct a comprehensive systematic review and network meta-analysis of RCTs that compare outcomes of robot-assisted radical cystectomy (RARC) with intra- or extracorporeal urinary diversion (ICUD or ECUD) and the standard open approach (oRC). Methods: A systematic review identified RCTs including patients aged >18 years with non-metastatic bladder cancer treated with RARC (ICUD or ECUD) vs. oRC and reporting peri- and post-operative outcomes and quality of life (QoL) assessment. Standard and network metanalyses were performed. Results: Data from 1024 patients included in eight RCTs were analyzed. The standard meta-analysis found that RARC had longer OT, lower EBL, and a lower transfusion rate compared to oRC (all p < 0.001). No significant differences in terms of LOS between the ICUD vs. ECUD vs. ORC were recorded. RARC patients demonstrated better scores in fatigue, insomnia, pain, physical functioning, and role functioning-according to QoL assessment-compared to ORC at early follow-up, despite no difference at baselines. Finally, at network metanalysis, ICUD (OR = 0.74, p < 0.001) but not ECUD (OR = 0.92, p < 0.08) yielded a lower rate of high-grade 90-day complications compared to ORC despite longer OT (MD = 89.56, p = 0.0351). Conclusions: RARC represents a safe and feasible option to reduce perioperative bleeding with no definitive impact on LOS compared to ORC. Interestingly, ICUD may reduce the burden of 90-day complications to a greater extent than ECUD. Nonetheless, surgeons should be aware of the extended OT and steep learning curve of ICUD. Finally, RARC may provide some short-term benefits in terms of QoL, but more research is needed to determine its long-term effects.

Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia Surgery: A Snapshot of Trends, Costs, and Surgical Retreatment Rates in the USA.

BACKGROUND: An increasing number of novel surgical treatments (NSTs) for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) have been proposed over time to achieve similar functional outcomes, but better perioperative and sexual outcomes than traditional procedures. OBJECTIVE: To assess the trends in the utilization and costs of BPH surgical procedures over the past decade, and to analyze the need for surgical retreatment after each procedure. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: A retrospective observational population-based analysis was conducted using the PearlDiver Mariner (PearlDiver Technologies, Colorado Springs, CO, USA) database, including all-payer nationally available claims records collected from 2011 to 2022. OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: The number and type of BPH surgical procedures per year, costs associated with each BPH surgical treatment, incidence of BPH surgical retreatment rate, and time to BPH surgical retreatment were assessed. Negative binomial regression and Cochran-Armitage test were used for the temporal trend analysis. A multivariable logistic regression analysis evaluated the predictors of BPH surgical retreatment. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS: In the study period, 274 808 patients received surgical treatment for BPH. The most common procedure was transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP; 71.7%). The overall utilization of BPH surgical treatment increased over the study period. Traditional surgery remained most performed for the entire period (87.8%), but a statistically significantly rising trend of NSTs was recorded. The mean reimbursements paid per procedure was 1.43 times higher (p < 0.001) for NSTs than for traditional procedures. The surgical retreatment rate was 9.4%. The mean time to surgical retreatment was 25.3 mo, with 85.5% of cases re-treated within 5 yr. At the multivariable analysis, transurethral incision of the prostate, photoselective vaporization of the prostate, prostatic urethral lift, convective water vapor energy, and prostatic artery embolization had a significantly greater likelihood of surgical retreatment than TURP. Holmium/thulium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP/ThuLEP), open simple prostatectomy (SP), and laparoscopic/robot-assisted SP were associated with a lower probability of resurgery than TURP, but a similar probability between these procedures. Retrospective design and a lack of relevant clinical data were the main limitations. CONCLUSIONS: Over the past decade, there has been a progressive increase in the adoption of NSTs. The rate of surgical retreatment appears <10%, with patients undergoing SP and HoLEP/ThuLEP experiencing a statistically significantly lower probability of surgical retreatment. PATIENT SUMMARY: We investigated the trends, costs, and surgical retreatments of benign prostatic hyperplasia surgery. Transurethral resection of the prostate remains the most common procedure. Novel surgical treatments are associated with an upward trend, despite appearing more expensive overall. Retreatment is necessary in <10% of patients and generally within 5 yr.

Incidental Prostate Cancer in Patients Treated for Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: Analysis from a Contemporary National Dataset.

(1) Background: Prostate Cancer (PCa) may be incidentally diagnosed during the microscopic evaluation of resected tissue from BPH surgeries, characterizing the clinical condition known as incidental PCa (iPCa). This study aims to assess the prevalence of iPCa following BPH surgery to evaluate the associated surgical procedures and to scrutinize preoperative and postoperative management. (2) Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted using the PearlDiver™ Mariner database, containing patient records compiled between 2011 and 2021. International Classification of Diseases (ICD) and Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) codes were employed to identify the population and outcomes. Our primary objective was to assess the prevalence of iPCa, categorized by the type of procedures, and to evaluate the subsequent treatment strategies. The secondary aim was to assess the impact of prostate biopsy (PB) and prostate MRI on iPCa detection. (3) Results: The overall cohort, accounting for 231,626 patients who underwent BPH surgery, exhibited a 2.2% prevalence rate of iPCa. The highest rate was observed for TURP (2.32%), while the lowest was recorded for RASP (1.18%). Preoperative MRI and PB demonstrated opposing trends over the years. Of the 5090 patients identified with iPCa, nearly 68% did not receive active treatment. The most common treatments were RT and ADT; 34.6% underwent RT, 31.75% received ADT, and 21.75% were treated with RT+ADT. RP was administered to approximately 9% of patients undergoing endoscopic procedures. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed age and openSP as additional risk factors for iPCa. Conversely, PB and MRI before surgery were linked to a decreased risk. (4) Conclusions: The contemporary prevalence of iPCa after BPH surgery is <3%. The increase in the use of prostate MRI mirrors a decline in the PB biopsy prior to BPH surgery but without resulting in an increased detection rate of iPCa. In contemporary routine clinical practice, iPCa is mostly managed in a different way when compared to biopsy-detected PCa.