Chemical Profile and Biological Potential of Hornodermoporus martius (Agaricomycetes) from Paraguay.

To further knowledge of the biological activity of native neotropical fungal species, this study aimed to determine the chemical composition and microbiological activity of Hornodermoporus martius. Ethanol, hexane, diethyl ether, and ethyl acetate fractions and the water residue were analyzed and resulted in a total phenolic compound content between 13 and 63 mg of gallic acid equivalents per gram of crude extract. The total antioxidants ranged between 3 and 19 mg of ascorbic acid equivalents per gram of crude extract, and the percentage of antioxidant activity was determined to be between 6 and 25%. A preliminary profile of compounds is provided for the first time for the species; the results from the nonpolar fraction showcased the presence of saturated and unsaturated acids, fatty alcohol, sterols, and cis-vaccenic acid. Our findings also revealed antimicrobial properties from compounds within the hexane and diethyl ether fractions at concentrations of 1 mg mL-1, which inhibited the growth of certain gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. For the first time in academic literature, our work analyzed and documented the chemical characteristics and microbial properties of H. martius, suggesting potential for medicinal applications.

Bioactive Compounds and Antioxidant Activity of Four Native Species of the Ganodermataceae Family (Agaricomycetes) from Paraguay.

The lack of information on the chemistry of higher fungi in Paraguay and the search for new sources of secondary metabolites motivated this chemical study of four wild species of the Ganodermataceae family and the comparison with a commercial species cultivated under laboratory conditions. Qualitative identification of secondary metabolites as well as a quantification of phenolic compounds content and antioxidant potential of ethanolic extracts was carried out of four wild species: Cristataspora flavipora, two specimens of different phylogenetic clades of Ganoderma australe (clade 1 and clade 2), G. martinicense, G. multicornum, and a strain of G. sessile E47. Qualitative chemical analysis revealed the presence of alkaloids, phenolic compounds, sterols and terpenes. Significant variations were noted in metabolite content and antioxidant potential throughout the studied species. The best biological profiles found were of G. australe clade 1, with a concentration of 96.7 ± 0.362 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE) g-1, an antioxidant compound (AC) content of 139.25 ± 0.32 mg g-1 ascorbic acid equivalents (AAE), and an activity percentage of 96.87%, and G. australe clade 2, with a concentration of 92.6 ± 0,350 mg GAE g-1, an AC content of 153.62 ± 3.36 mg g-1 AAE, and an activity percentage of 95.23%.