The relationship between stone-free and patient position in retrograde intrarenal surgery: a randomized prospective study.

PURPOSE: Residual fragments not removed with urinary stone surgery may become symptomatic. In this context, this study was carried out to investigate the effect of performing retrograde intrarenal surgery, which is conventionally performed in the lithotomy position, in the modified lithotomy position (Trend-side) on stone-free rates following the surgery. METHODS: This prospective study consisted of 100 patients with a single kidney stone smaller than 2 cm between 2021 and 2023. These patients were randomized into two groups of 50 patients each to be operated on in the conventional lithotomy and Trend-side positions. Variables were compared using independent t test for continuous variables and chi-square test for categorical variables. RESULTS: There was no significant difference between the lithotomy and Trend-side position groups in terms of preoperative size, density, location of the stone, and hydronephrosis degree. Stone-free rate was 72% (n = 36) in the lithotomy group and 92% (n = 46) in the Trend-side group. Hence, there was a significant difference between the groups in the stone-free rate in favor of the Trend-side group (p = 0.009). Fragmentation time was statistically significantly shorter in the Trend-side group than in the lithotomy group (34 ± 17 min vs. 43 ± 14 min; p = 0.006). There was no significant difference between the groups in postoperative complication rates. CONCLUSION: Performing retrograde intrarenal surgery in the Trend-side position shortened the duration of fragmentation compared to the lithotomy position and was associated with higher stone-free rates. In conclusion, the Trend-side position can be safely preferred in patients undergoing retrograde intrarenal surgery due to kidney stones.

Perioperative Outcomes of Open Extra-peritoneal Versus Laparoscopic Radical Cystoprostatectomy: A single Center Comparative Study.

PURPOSE: To compare 90-day  perioperative complications and pathological outcomes between laparoscopic radical cystectomy (LRC) and extraperitoneal radical cystectomy (EORC) approaches. MATERIALS AND METHODS: All operations were performed in a single high-volume tertiary referee center by the same surgical team.Males ≥ 18 years with pre-cystectomy clinical T1-T3 disease and having undergone an ileal conduit were included. Exclusion criteria included patients with inflammatory bowel disease, previous pelvic and/or abdominal irradiation, neo-adjuvant chemotherapy, and/or clinical T4 disease. Perioperative outcomes such as operative time, estimated blood loss, transfusion rate, hospital stay, and 90-day complications were evaluated. The recovery duration of regular bowel activity, mean stool passage,and ileus rates were recorded. RESULTS: A total of 221 patients met the inclusion criteria(81 LRC and 130 EORC). Demographics and preoperative parameters were comparable. Intraoperative estimated blood lossfavored LRC by a median of 450 mL (200-900) P=.021) vs. a median of 700 mL (300-2900) for EORC. The transfusion rate did not differ between the two groups; %14.8 (N=12) for the LRC and %20.8 (N=27) for EORC (P=.37). The median hospital stay was 9 (4-49) days for EORC and 8 (4-29) days for LRC (P=.011). The need for analgesics to control pain through an epidural catheter was higher for EORC (P=.042). There was no difference in overall complication rates (P=.47). CONCLUSION:   Although LRC appears to have a slight advantage over EORC, both techniques yield satisfactory results in regard to ileus rates and 90-day perioperative complications.

Traumatic masturbation and erectile dysfunction: A matched case-control study.

OBJECTIVE: To identify atypical masturbatory behaviors (AMB) and to reveal their effects on both sexual and masturbational erection hardness in men with erectile dysfunction (ED). METHODS: Patients with ED and healthy controls were questioned about their masturbation habits. Accordingly, "rubbing in a prone position," "pressure on penis," and "masturbation through clothes" were included in the traumatic masturbation syndrome (TMS) group. Erection hardness score (EHS) is used to measure the erectile functions during masturbation (mast), foreplay (presex), and sexual intercourse (sex), separately. RESULTS: The data of 448 participants, 266 (59%) from the patient group, and 182 (41%) from the control group were analyzed. The mean ages were 30 years in both groups (p = 0.734). The rate of "rubbing in a prone position" and "penile pressure" while masturbating was higher in patients than the controls (10.2% vs. 6%, p = 0.024 and 8.6% vs. 3.3%, p = 0.0002, respectively). Patients had 2.2-fold (odds ratio, 2.21; 95% confidence interval, 1.40-3.47; p = 0.001) increased risks of having at least one AMB, compared with controls. In the secondary analysis, the patient group was divided into 2 subgroups according to having TMS (ED + TMS) or not (ED). The percentage of patients with EHS≥3 during masturbation was higher than those during sex and presex in the "ED + TMS" group (60.2%, 38.8%, and 37.2%, respectively, p = 0.0001; n = 98). Comparing the percentage of patients with EHS≥3 during mast, presex, and, sex was found to be similar in the "ED" group (58.9%, 56.5%, and 56%, respectively, p = 0.753; n = 168). CONCLUSION: Atypical masturbatory behaviors are more common in young men presenting with erectile dysfunction. These patients have higher erection hardness scores during masturbation compared to partnered sex.

Comparison of Middle and Lower Calyceal Access for Renal Pelvis Stone in Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy: A Prospective Randomized Study.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to evaluate the possible effects of calyceal choice for renal puncture under sonographic guidance on the outcomes of percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PNL). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 70 patients for whom ultrasound-guided PNL was planned for 20-30-mm single renal pelvic stones were prospectively allocated to group 1 (n:35) with middle calyx entry or group 2 (n:35) with lower calyx entry. Procedure-related parameters such as duration of operation, stone-free rates, complication rates, and radiation exposure time were analyzed in detail. RESULTS: The mean age of the patients was 45.67 ± 1.50 years and the mean stone size was 316.4 ± 17.95 mm2. There was no significant difference regarding the age, BMI, stone burden, and the grade of hydronephrosis between the groups. Skin to collecting system distance was significantly shorter in the middle calyx entrance (p = 0.021). Total duration of the procedure was again significantly shorter in group 1 cases (74.69 ± 2.94 min) than in group 2 (84.29 ± 4.25 min) (p = 0.003). Regarding the success rates, the postoperative stone-free rate was higher in group 1 (91.4% in group 1, 80.0% in group 2, p = 0.305). Last, there was no statistically significant difference in hemoglobin reduction rates, blood transfusion requirements, and complication rates between the 2 groups. CONCLUSION: Getting access to the renal pelvis through the middle calyx during ultrasonic guided PNL procedure is more advantageous to lower the calyceal approach by reducing both the duration of the PNL procedure with significantly higher stone-free and comparable complication rates.

Safety of Upper Pole Puncture in Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy with the Guidance of Ultrasonography versus Fluoroscopy: A Comparative Study.

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to compare the safety of ultrasonography-guided (UG) puncture and fluoroscopy-guided (FG) upper pole access (UPA) in percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL). METHODS: Consecutive patients with a solitary UPA were enrolled into the study from 2012 to 2020 and analyzed in a retrospective manner. In total, 177 patients were divided into 2 groups according to the method during the puncture phase of the access: FG (n = 105) and UG (n = 72). The UG and FG groups were compared in terms of complications (i.e., pleural injury and blood transfusion rate) and surgical outcomes. RESULTS: Gender, side, grade of hydronephrosis, type of access (i.e., supracostal vs. subcostal), Guy's stone score, age, stone diameter, skin-to-stone distance, and stone density were similar in the 2 groups (p > 0.05). Only in 25.9% of cases, UPA was done using a subcostal approach. The overall complication rates were similar between the groups (p > 0.178). For the UG and FG groups, the rate of pleural injury (8.5 vs. 4.1%) and the blood transfusion rate (8.5 vs. 2.8%) were also similar (p > 0.05). The fluoroscopy time and mean hemoglobin drop were significantly lower in the UG group than in the FG group (134.2 vs. 82.2 s, respectively, p = 0.001; 20.8 ± 9.8 vs. 16.8 ± 7.9 g/L, respectively, p = 0.001). Stone-free rate (SFR) was also similar in the FG and UG groups (77.1 vs. 75.0%, respectively, p = 0.742). CONCLUSION: While it is commonly expected that the complication rates are lower in UG puncture for UPA in PCNL than they are in FG puncture, the present study failed to show this difference. However, the radiation exposure time seemed to be lower in UG puncture than FG puncture and had a similar stone-free rate (SFR) for UPA in PCNL.

Reasons for early readmission after percutaneous nephrolithotomy and retrograde intrarenal surgery.

INTRODUCTION: Hospital readmissions are frequent and costly. In many countries health governors focus on unplanned postsurgical hospital readmissions as an objective metric for quality of care. AIM: To investigate the rate of readmissions after retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) and percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) operations, classify these factors, define the higher risk patients for readmission and develop prevention strategies. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A historical cohort study was conducted for a period of 36 months, between 2013 and 2016. A total of 471 consecutive patients, of whom 177 had PCNL (37.6%) and the remaining 294 had RIRS (62.4%), were included. The two groups were compared in terms of stone burden, previous stone treatments, initial symptoms, ASA class, intra-operative complications, post-operative stenting, and drugs prescribed at discharge, so as to find the factors influencing the readmission rate for both groups. RESULTS: The PCNL operation was found to have a significantly higher risk for readmission when compared to RIRS (27.1% vs. 20.4%, respectively, p = 0.0041). Perioperative complications (p = 0.002 for PCNL and p = 0.001 for RIRS), residual stone(s) or fragments after the operation (p = 0.002 for PCNL and p = 0.001 for RIRS) significantly increased the readmission rate in both groups. The readmission rates were individually affected by postoperative JJ stent placement in the PCNL group (p = 0.001) and previous stone treatments for the RIRS group (p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Readmission rates were higher in the PCNL group, but the influencing factors were similar for both groups. The presence of multiple stones preoperatively and residual stones or fragments postoperatively are the most important risk factors for early re-admission after PCNL and RIRS.

Outcomes of miniaturized percutaneous nephrolitotomy in infants: single centre experience

ABSTRACT Objectives: The present study was aim to evaluate the safety and efficacy of Mini-PNL to treat kidney stones in patients aged <3 years. This is the one of the largest series in the literature in this age group of patients. Material and methods: From May 2012 to April 2016, the medical records of 74 infant patients who underwent mini-PNL for renal stones were reviewed retrospectively. All infants were evaluated with the plain abdominal radiograph, urinary ultrasound, non-contrast computerized tomography and/or intravenous urogram. Pre-operative, intraoperative and post-operative data were analyzed. Results: A total of 74 infant (42 male, 32 female) with a mean age 21.5±8.2 (10-36) months were included in this study. The mean size of the stones was 22.0±5.9 (14-45) mm. A 17 Fr rigid pediatric nephroscope with a pneumatic intracorporeal lithotripsy were used through 20-22 Fr access sheath. The stone-free rate was 84.7% at 1 month after the operation. Mean operative time was 74.0 (40-140) min. Mean fluoroscopy screening time was as 4.3(3.1-8.6) min. Average hospitalization time was 3.8 (2-9) day. Auxiliary procedures were performed to 11(15.3%) patients (7 extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy, 3 re- percutaneous nephrolitotomy, 1 retrograde intrarenal surgery). No major complication classified as Clavien IV-V observed in study group. Conclusions: Mini-PNL with pneumatic intracorporeal lithotripsy can be performed safely and effectively to manage kidney stones in infants with high stone free rate and low complications.

Outcomes of miniaturized percutaneous nephrolitotomy in infants: single centre experience.

OBJECTIVES: The present study was aim to evaluate the safety and efficacy of Mini-PNL to treat kidney stones in patients aged <3 years. This is the one of the largest series in the literature in this age group of patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS: From May 2012 to April 2016, the medical records of 74 infant patients who underwent mini-PNL for renal stones were reviewed retrospectively. All infants were evaluated with the plain abdominal radiograph, urinary ultrasound, noncontrast computerized tomography and/or intravenous urogram. Pre-operative, intraoperative and post-operative data were analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 74 infant (42 male, 32 female) with a mean age 21.5±8.2 (10-36) months were included in this study. The mean size of the stones was 22.0±5.9 (14-45) mm. A 17 Fr rigid pediatric nephroscope with a pneumatic intracorporeal lithotripsy were used through 20-22 Fr access sheath. The stone-free rate was 84.7% at 1 month after the operation. Mean operative time was 74.0 (40-140) min. Mean fluoroscopy screening time was as 4.3(3.1-8.6) min. Average hospitalization time was 3.8 (2-9) day. Auxiliary procedures were performed to 11(15.3%) patients (7 extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy, 3 re- percutaneous nephrolitotomy, 1 retrograde intrarenal surgery). No major complication classified as Clavien IV-V observed in study group. CONCLUSIONS: Mini-PNL with pneumatic intracorporeal lithotripsy can be performed safely and effectively to manage kidney stones in infants with high stone free rate and low complications.

Comparison of Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy and Retrograde Intrarenal Surgery in Treating 20-40 mm Renal Stones.

PURPOSE: To compare the outcomes of percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) and retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) in treating renal stones between 20 and 40 mm in diameter. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 146 patients, who were treated with RIRS and 146 patients, who were treated with PCNL for renal stones between 20 and 40 mm in diameter were compared retrospectively using a matched-pair analysis. The operative and post-operative outcomes of both groups were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS: The mean age, gender, body mass index and stone laterality were similar between the groups. The mean stone size was 28.39 ± 4.67 mm for the PCNL group and 25.08 ± 6.07 mm for the RIRS group (P =.21). The mean operative times were statistically longer in the RIRS group, whereas the fluoroscopy times, hospitalization times and post-operative visual analogue scores were statistically higher in the PCNL group. The stone- free rates (SFR) after a single procedure were 91.7% in the PCNL group and 74% in the RIRS group (P = .04). After auxiliary procedures, the overall SFRs reached 94.4% for the PCNL group and 92.3% for the RIRS group (P = .52). No major complications were observed for both groups. Minor complication (Clavien 1-3) rates were 6.8% and 3.4% for the PCNL and RIRS group, respectively (P =.18). CONCLUSION: RIRS has some advantages over PCNL such as shorter hospitalization times, shorter fluoroscopy times and less post-operative pain in treating renal stones between 20 and 40 mm in diameter. However, PCNL has a higher SFR with only a single session.

Clinical significance of serum and urinary HER2/neu protein levels in primary non-muscle invasive bladder cancer

Objective: We aimed to compare serum and urinary HER2/neu levels between healthy control group and patients with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer. Additionally, we evaluated relationship of HER2/neu levels with tumor stage, grade, recurrence and progression. Materials and Methods: Fourty-four patients with primary non-muscle invasive bladder tumors (Group 2) and 40 healthy control group (Group 1) were included the study. Blood and urinary samples were collected from all patients and HER2/neu levels were measured by ELISA method. Blood and urinary HER2/neu levels and additionally, ratio of urinary HER2/neu levels to urinary creatinine levels were recorded. Demographic data and tumor characteristics were recorded. Results: Mean serum HER2/neu levels were similar between two groups and statistically significant difference wasn't observed. Urinary HER2/neu levels were significantly higher in group 2 than group 1. Ratio of urinary HER2/neu to urinary creatinine was significantly higher in group 2 than group 1, (p=0,021). Serum and urinary HER2/ neu levels were not associated with tumor stage, grade, recurrence and progression while ratio of urinary HER2/neu to urinary creatinin levels were significantly higher in high-grade tumors. HER2/neu, the sensitivity of the test was found to be 20.5%, and the specificity was 97.5%, also for the urinary HER2/neu/urinary creatinine ratio, the sensitivity and specificity of the test were found to be 31.8% and 87.5%, respectively. Conclusions: Urinary HER2/neu and ratio of urinary creatinine urine were significantly higher in patients with bladder cancer compared to healthy subjects. Large series and controlled studies are needed for use as a tumor marker.

Clinical significance of serum and urinary HER2/neu protein levels in primary non-muscle invasive bladder cancer.

OBJECTIVE: We aimed to compare serum and urinary HER2/neu levels between healthy control group and patients with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer. Additionally, we evaluated relationship of HER2/neu levels with tumor stage, grade, recurrence and progression. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fourty-four patients with primary non-muscle invasive bladder tumors (Group 2) and 40 healthy control group (Group 1) were included the study. Blood and urinary samples were collected from all patients and HER2/neu levels were measured by ELISA method. Blood and urinary HER2/neu levels and additionally, ratio of urinary HER2/neu levels to urinary creatinine levels were recorded. Demographic data and tumor characteristics were recorded. RESULTS: Mean serum HER2/neu levels were similar between two groups and statistically significant difference wasn't observed. Urinary HER2/neu levels were significantly higher in group 2 than group 1. Ratio of urinary HER2/neu to urinary creatinine was significantly higher in group 2 than group 1, (p=0,021). Serum and urinary HER2/ neu levels were not associated with tumor stage, grade, recurrence and progression while ratio of urinary HER2/neu to urinary creatinin levels were significantly higher in high-grade tumors. HER2/neu, the sensitivity of the test was found to be 20.5%, and the specificity was 97.5%, also for the urinary HER2/neu/urinary creatinine ratio, the sensitivity and specificity of the test were found to be 31.8% and 87.5%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Urinary HER2/neu and ratio of urinary creatinine urine were significantly higher in patients with bladder cancer compared to healthy subjects. Large series and controlled studies are needed for use as a tumor marker.

Primary leiomyosarcoma of the adrenal gland: a case report with immunohistochemical study and literature review.

Primary adrenal leiomyosarcoma is extremely rare tumor. We report a case with adrenal leiomyosarcoma. Our case was a 48-year-old man who presented with lower urinary tract symptoms. Ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging revealed approximately 9 cm solid mass originating from right adrenal gland. He underwent right adrenalectomy. Pathology of the specimen showed histologic and immunohistochemical features of adrenal leiomyosarcoma.

Retrograde intrarenal surgery for the treatment of renal stones in patients with a solitary kidney.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) in the treatment of renal stones in patients with a solitary kidney. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From December 2008 to March 2012, 24 patients with a solitary kidney who were treated with RIRS for renal stones were included in the study. All patients were preoperatively evaluated with urine culture, serum biochemistry, urinary ultrasonography, noncontrast computed tomography or intravenous urography, or both. The procedure was considered as successful in patients with complete stone disappearance or fragments <4 mm on computed tomography. Preoperative, operative, and postoperative data of the patients were retrospectively analyzed. The mean serum creatinine levels before and after the procedures were compared using a paired sample t-test. RESULTS: The study included 24 patients with a mean age of 44.41 ± 12.15 years (range, 24-70). The mean stone size was 19.83 ± 5.90 mm (range, 10-35). The mean operative time was 55.83 ± 10.90 minutes (range, 40-75). The success rates were 83.3% and 95.8% after the first and second procedures, respectively. A pigtail stent was placed in all patients. The mean serum creatinine levels before the procedures and at 2 weeks after removal of the pigtail stents were 1.54 ± 0.55 mg/dL (range, 0.7-2.8) and 1.56 ± 0.50 mg/dL (range, 0.9-2.6), respectively (P = .92). Minor complications, classified as Clavien I or II, occurred in 4 patients (16.6%). No major complications (Clavien III-V) occurred in the study group. CONCLUSION: RIRS is an effective and safe procedure that can be used to manage renal stones in patients with a solitary kidney.

The value of the NMP22 test for superficial bladder cancer diagnosis and follow-up.

OBJECTIVE: In this study, we investigated the efficacy of nuclear matrix protein 22 (NMP22) in the diagnosis and surveillance of bladder cancer. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Patients with hematuria or who applied for cystoscopic control of proven bladder cancer were prospectively enrolled in this study. Routine cytologic examination and NMP22 test were performed on the voided urine sample obtained before the cystoscopy. The patients who had been diagnosed with bladder cancer were categorized according to stage, grade, number, size of the tumor and risk of the disease. Then the diagnostic performance of the NMP22 and the cytology test, alone or in combination, were evaluated separately using ROC curves in the diagnosis and surveillance groups. RESULTS: A total of 87 patients (87/136) were investigated because of hematuria. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and, negative predictive values, and positive likelihood ratio (LR+) of the NMP22 test were 70, 80, 68, 81, and 3.42%, respectively. While, the sensitivity, specificity, positive and, negative predictive values, and positive likelihood ratio (LR+) of the cytology examination were 27, 96, 82, 68, and 7.36%, respectively. There were 49 patients in the bladder cancer group. The sensitivity, specificity, positive, and negative predictive values and positive likelihood ratio (LR+) of the NMP22 test in these patients were 33, 76, 31, 78 and 1.37%, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and, negative predictive values, and positive likelihood ratio (LR+) of the cytology examination were 25%, 97%, 75%, 80% and 9.25, respectively. CONCLUSION: NMP22 test can be used as an adjunctive tool for the detection of bladder cancer, but its diagnostic performance is limited in surveillance when used alone or in combination with a cytology examination.