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1.
Microbiome ; 6(1): 211, 2018 11 27.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30482240

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Sub-therapeutic antibiotics are widely used as growth promoters in the poultry industry; however, the resulting antibiotic resistance threatens public health. A plant-derived growth promoter, Macleaya cordata extract (MCE), with effective ingredients of benzylisoquinoline alkaloids, is a potential alternative to antibiotic growth promoters. Altered intestinal microbiota play important roles in growth promotion, but the underlying mechanism remains unknown. RESULTS: We generated 1.64 terabases of metagenomic data from 495 chicken intestinal digesta samples and constructed a comprehensive chicken gut microbial gene catalog (9.04 million genes), which is also the first gene catalog of an animal's gut microbiome that covers all intestinal compartments. Then, we identified the distinctive characteristics and temporal changes in the foregut and hindgut microbiota. Next, we assessed the impact of MCE on chickens and gut microbiota. Chickens fed with MCE had improved growth performance, and major microbial changes were confined to the foregut, with the predominant role of Lactobacillus being enhanced, and the amino acids, vitamins, and secondary bile acids biosynthesis pathways being upregulated, but lacked the accumulation of antibiotic-resistance genes. In comparison, treatment with chlortetracycline similarly enriched some biosynthesis pathways of nutrients in the foregut microbiota, but elicited an increase in antibiotic-producing bacteria and antibiotic-resistance genes. CONCLUSION: The reference gene catalog of the chicken gut microbiome is an important supplement to animal gut metagenomes. Metagenomic analysis provides insights into the growth-promoting mechanism of MCE, and underscored the importance of utilizing safe and effective growth promoters.


Asunto(s)
Bencilisoquinolinas/farmacología , Pollos/crecimiento & desarrollo , Pollos/microbiología , Sustancias de Crecimiento/farmacología , Lactobacillus/crecimiento & desarrollo , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Animales , Microbioma Gastrointestinal/genética , Probióticos/farmacología , Ranunculales/química
2.
Curr Med Chem ; 25(38): 5088-5114, 2018.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28933285

RESUMEN

The severe anticancer situation as well as the emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) cancer cells has created an urgent need for the development of novel anticancer drugs with different mechanisms of action. A large number of natural alkaloids, such as paclitaxel, vinblastine and camptothecin have already been successfully developed into chemotherapy agents. Following the success of these natural products, in this review, twenty-six types of isoquinoline alkaloids (a total of 379 alkaloids), including benzyltetrahydroisoquinoline, aporphine, oxoaporphine, isooxoaporphine, dimeric aporphine, bisbenzylisoquinoline, tetrahydroprotoberberine, protoberberine, protopine, dihydrobenzophenanthridine, benzophenanthridine, benzophenanthridine dimer, ipecac, simple isoquinoline, pavine, montanine, erythrina, chelidonine, tropoloisoquinoline, azafluoranthene, phthalideisoquinoline, naphthylisoquinoline, lycorine, crinane, narciclasine, and phenanthridone, were summarized based on their cytotoxic and MDR reversing activities against various cancer cells. Additionally, the structure-activity relationships of different types of isoquinoline alkaloid were also discussed. Interestingly, some aporphine, oxoaporphine, isooxoaporphine, bisbenzylisoquinoline, and protoberberine alkaloids display more potent anticancer activities or anti-MDR effects than positive control against the tested cancer cells and are regarded as attractive targets for discovery new anticancer drugs or lead compounds.


Asunto(s)
Alcaloides/farmacología , Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Resistencia a Múltiples Medicamentos/efectos de los fármacos , Resistencia a Antineoplásicos/efectos de los fármacos , Isoquinolinas/farmacología , Alcaloides/química , Animales , Antineoplásicos/química , Línea Celular Tumoral , Humanos , Isoquinolinas/química , Relación Estructura-Actividad
3.
Nat Prod Res ; 31(14): 1633-1639, 2017 Jul.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28278680

RESUMEN

Two new alkaloids 6-hydroxyethyldihydrochelerythrine (1) and 6-hydroxymethyl-7,8-demethylenedihydrochelerythrine (2) together with two analogues named maclekarpine E (3) and 6-hydroxymethyldihydrosanguinarine (4) were detected primarily from the leaves of Macleaya cordata by their characteristic mass spectrometry (MS) and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). And then isolation of four targeted-compounds was performed by column chromatography and preparation HPLC under the guiding of MS. Finally, their structures were determined by spectrum analysis. Alkaloids 3 and 4 were isolated from this plant medicine for the first time.


Asunto(s)
Alcaloides/aislamiento & purificación , Papaveraceae/química , Espectrometría de Masas en Tándem/métodos , Alcaloides/química , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión/métodos , Estructura Molecular , Análisis Espectral
4.
Biomaterials ; 78: 11-9, 2016 Feb.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26630612

RESUMEN

Nitric oxide (NO) is a ubiquitous biological messenger molecule, and plays the active roles in the regulation of various physiological processes. Although numerous NO fluorescent probes have also been successfully developed in the past ten years, it still remains challenging to increase the response rate for NO while having the high selectivity and sensitivity. In this work, a simple N-nitrosation reaction of the electron-rich aromatic secondary amine with NO under aerobic condition has been utilized for the first time to construct fluorescent probe for NO. The resulting probe 1, containing a N-benzyl-4-hydroxyaniline moiety as reaction group and a BODIPY dye as fluorescence reporter, could detect NO with the fast fluorescence off-on response (within seconds), high sensitivity (nM level), and excellent selectivity over various reactive oxygen species (ROS) as well as dehydroascorbic acid (DHA), ascorbic acid (AA), and methylglyoxal (MGO). Even in the presence of glutathione (GSH, a high reactive biothiol for NO), the probe still works well for NO. Further, a mitochondria-targetable probe 2 was exploited by introducing a targeted triphenylphosphonium cation into probe 1 scaffold. It's excellent NO sensing performance as well as its ability to specifically target mitochondria and image NO there have been nicely demonstrated. With the two probes, the basal and stimulation-induced NO in RAW264.7 murine macrophages as well as the endogenous NO in endothelial cells after oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) have been successfully visualized.


Asunto(s)
Aminas/química , Colorantes Fluorescentes , Óxido Nítrico/química , Electrones , Nitrosación
5.
Zhonghua Wai Ke Za Zhi ; 42(7): 417-20, 2004 Apr 07.
Artículo en Chino | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15144670

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: To set up a stand for surgical classification of pancreatic duct stone and evaluate the benefits of different management according to the classification. METHODS: Retrospectively analysis the diagnosis and prognosis of different management of 33 cases pancreatic duct stones to establish a new standard of classification and strategy of management of pancreatic duct stone. RESULTS: According to the results of imaging examination (B-US, CT, ERCP) and finding during surgery, pancreatic duct stone can be classified into four different types: Type I: The stones mainly located in the head of pancreas. Endoscopic pancreas drainage and remove of stones is the first line choice of treatment. If it fail the Whipple procedure should be applied. Type II, The stones mainly located in the body of pancreas. It can be treated by Pusetow procedure. Type III, The stones mainly located in the tail of pancreas. The resection of the tail of pancreas or combined with spleenectomy was recommended for the management of this type stones. Type IV, The stones can be found from the head to tail of the main duct of pancreas. The Pusetow-Gillesby procedure or dividing of the neck of pancreas removing stones from both ends of pancreatic duct and reconstructed by two ends pancreatic duct-ileostomy in Roux-en-Y fashion are the choice of management. CONCLUSION: The invadulaized strategy of the management based upon correct diagnosis and classification play the most important role in the treatment of pancreatic duct stone.


Asunto(s)
Cálculos/clasificación , Cálculos/cirugía , Conductos Pancreáticos/patología , Adulto , Anciano , Cálculos/diagnóstico , Colangiopancreatografia Retrógrada Endoscópica , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Enfermedades Pancreáticas/clasificación , Enfermedades Pancreáticas/diagnóstico , Enfermedades Pancreáticas/cirugía , Conductos Pancreáticos/diagnóstico por imagen , Estudios Retrospectivos , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X , Ultrasonografía
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