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Objective: To analyze the epidemiological and etiological characteristics of herpes pharyngitis (HA) in three prefectures of Jiangsu Province, and provide evidence for the prevention and control of HA in Jiangsu. Methods: Three surveillance sentinel hospitals in Wuxi, Suzhou and Yancheng were selected from May 2018 to December 2022, and information related to HA visits and hospitalized cases was regularly collected from the hospital inpatient management system by age groups. Enterovirus nucleic acid detection was performed by RT-PCR, and sequencing analysis, identification of genotype subtypes, and phylogenetic analysis were performed on the sequences of the gene encoding the coat protein VP1 of the main prevalent strains. Results: A total of 57 709 HA cases were recorded in the sentinel hospitals in in Wuxi, Suzhou and Yancheng, which was 1.76 times higher than the reported cases of hand, foot and mouth disease during the same period (57 709/32 831).The percentage of HA hospitalizations was 1.35% (781/57 709), and the percentage of hospitalizations showed an increasing trend from year to year (χ2=62.79, P<0.001 ).The incidence peak of HA was during May-July. The cases were mainly children aged 12-59 months (67.07%, 38 708/57 709), with the highest case number in age group 36-59 months (34.40%, 19 852/57 709). The HA positivity rate was 33.82% (644/1 904); enterovirus A was predominant (54.04%, 348/644); of these, Coxsackievirus (CV)A6 accounted for the highest percentage (52.59%, 183/348), while CVA16 and CVA4 accounted for 24.71% (86/348) and 15.23% (53/348), respectively. All 10 CVA4 HA endemic strains belonged to the C2 gene subtype, and all 6 CVA6 HA endemic strains belonged to the D3a gene subtype; and were genetically closer to and related to the strains in some areas of China (Fujian Province, Guangzhou City, Jiangxi Province, Yunnan Province, Tianjin City, etc.). Conclusions: The disease burden of HA was heavy in 3 areas in Jiangsu, children in age group 12-59-month were mainly affected, and the annual incidence peak of HA was during May-July. The pathogens causing HA varied, but predominated by enterovirus A and had low intra-typical differentiation, and no new evolutionary branches were found, suggesting that it is necessary to include HA in foot and mouth disease surveillance or regarded as a notifiable communicable disease.
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Filogenia , Humanos , China/epidemiología , Genotipo , Niño , Preescolar , Incidencia , Faringitis/epidemiología , Faringitis/virología , Enterovirus/genética , Enterovirus/aislamiento & purificación , Enterovirus/clasificación , Adolescente , Lactante , Hospitalización/estadística & datos numéricos , Infecciones por Enterovirus/epidemiología , Infecciones por Enterovirus/virología , Masculino , Adulto , FemeninoRESUMEN
We introduce a LabVIEW-based control program that significantly improves the efficiency and flexibility in positioning and shooting solid targets in laser-plasma experiments. The hardware driven by this program incorporates a target positioning subsystem and an imaging subsystem, which enables us to install up to 400 targets for one experimental campaign and precisely adjust them in six freedom degrees. The overall architecture and the working modes of the control program are demonstrated in detail. In addition, we characterized the distributions of target positions of every target holder and simultaneously saved the target images, resulting in a large dataset that can be used to train machine learning models and develop image recognition algorithms. This versatile control system has become an indispensable platform when preparing and conducting laser-plasma experiments.
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OBJECTIVE: To investigate the distribution of mosquito species and their associated viruses, and identify Culex pipiens subspecies in Hami City, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. METHODS: Mosquitoes were captured using mosquito trapping lamps method in Yizhou District, Yiwu County, and Balikun County of Hami City in mi-July, 2019 and 2020. The species and subspecies of all captured mosquitoes were characterized. In addition, the flavivirus, alphavirus, bunyavirus, Japanese encephalitis virus, Liaoning virus, Tahyna virus, tick-borne encephalitis virus and West Nile virus were detected using reverse-transcription PCR assay in captured mosquitoes. RESULTS: A total of 1 496 mosquitoes were captured from Yizhou District, Yiwu County, and Balikun County of Hami City, belonging to 3 genus and 3 species. Cx. pipiens was the dominant mosquito species (986 mosquitoes, 65.91%), followed by Aedes caspius (457 mosquitoes, 30.55%), while Culiseta alaskaensis had the lowest number (53 mosquitoes, 3.54%). All captured Cx. pipiens mosquitoes were identified as Cx. pipiens pipiens based on the terminalia of male mosquitoes. RT-PCR assay tested negative for flavivirus, alphavirus, bunyavirus, Japanese encephalitis virus, Liaoning virus, Tahyna virus, tick-borne encephalitis or West Nile virus in captured Cx. pipiens mosquitoes. CONCLUSIONS: There were 3 species of mosquitoes in Hami City from 2019 to 2020, including Cx. pipiens, Ae. Caspius and C. alaskaensis, with Cx. pipiens as the dominant mosquito species, and all captured Cx. pipiens mosquitoes were Cx. pipiens pipiens; however, no arboviruses were detected.
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Culex , Culicidae , Virus del Nilo Occidental , Animales , Ciudades , Masculino , Virus SatélitesRESUMEN
The COVID-19 (Corona Virus Disease 2019) outbreak, which seriously affected people's lives across the world, has not been effectively controlled. Previous studies have demonstrated that SARS-COV-2 (Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) infecting host cells mainly rely on binding to receptor proteins, namely ACE2 and TMPRSS2. COVID-19 transmission is faster than the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) pneumonia outbreak in 2002. This is mainly attributed to the different pathways of virus-infected host cells, coupled with patients' atypical clinical characteristics. SARS-CoV-2 is mainly transmitted through respiratory droplets and contact, infecting lung tissues before damaging other body organs, such as the liver, brain, kidney and heart. The present study identified potential target genes for SARS-COV-2 receptors, ACE2 and TMPRSS2, in normal human lung tissue. The findings provide novel insights that will guide future drug development approaches for treatment of COVID-19.
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Enzima Convertidora de Angiotensina 2/genética , COVID-19/genética , Receptores Virales/genética , Serina Endopeptidasas/genética , Enzima Convertidora de Angiotensina 2/biosíntesis , Enzima Convertidora de Angiotensina 2/metabolismo , COVID-19/metabolismo , COVID-19/virología , Correlación de Datos , Expresión Génica , Humanos , Receptores Virales/biosíntesis , Receptores Virales/metabolismo , SARS-CoV-2/aislamiento & purificación , SARS-CoV-2/metabolismo , Serina Endopeptidasas/biosíntesis , Serina Endopeptidasas/metabolismoRESUMEN
The outbreak of COVID-19 seriously affected people's life and safety, and it has not been effectively controlled all over the world at present. The binding of S protein of SARS-COV-2 virus to ACE2 receptor requires the assistance of Transmembrane Serine Protease 2 (TMPRSS2), which can activate the S protein on the surface of virus and promote its binding to the ACE2 receptor. With the continuous accumulation of experience in the treatment of COVID-19 patients and the experimental studies of a large number of scientific researchers, it was found that COVID-19 patients had a higher mortality rate in patients with underlying diseases. Therefore, for COVID-19 patients with tumors, the mortality rate may be significantly higher than other people. Clinical studies had found that some patients were complicated with cytokine storm in clinical treatment, which was also the direct cause of death for some patients. The infiltration of immune cells and the release of a variety of cytokines were important factors causing cytokine storm. Therefore, for COVID-19 patients with tumors, it was of great clinical significance to explore the relationship between COVID-19 virus receptor ACE2, TMPRSS2 and immune cell infiltration, which can help clinicians to make some more appropriate treatment plans.
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Enzima Convertidora de Angiotensina 2/genética , COVID-19/inmunología , Neoplasias/inmunología , SARS-CoV-2 , Serina Endopeptidasas/genética , COVID-19/complicaciones , COVID-19/genética , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica , Humanos , Neoplasias/complicaciones , Neoplasias/genética , Unión Proteica , Glicoproteína de la Espiga del Coronavirus/genéticaRESUMEN
This experiment aimed to investigate the relieving action of Artemisia argyi aqueous extract (AAE) on immune stress in broiler chickens. A 2 × 2 factorial design was used to test the effect of 2 dietary treatments (adding 0 or 1000 mg/kg AAE) and 2 immune stress treatments (injecting saline or lipopolysaccharide (LPS)). A total of 96 one-day-old Arbor Acres (AA) broilers were randomly divided into four treatment groups with six replicates, four birds in each replicate. Broilers in Treatment groups 1 and 2 were fed with the basal diet, and those in Treatment groups 3 and 4 were fed with the experimental diet supplemented with 1000 mg/kg AAE. On days 14, 16, 18 and 20, broilers in both Treatments 1 and 3 were injected intra-abdominally with LPS solution at the dose of 500 µg LPS per kg BW with the LPS dissolved in sterile saline at a concentration of 100 µg/ml, and those in Treatments 2 and 4 were injected intra-abdominally with equal amount of sterile 0.9% saline. Blood samples were collected on days 21 and 28. The results showed that dietary supplementation of AAE prevented reductions in average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) of broilers caused by LPS on d 15-21. On day 21, the injection of LPS increased serum adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and corticosterone (CORT); meanwhile, feeding AAE reduced the rise of CORT caused by LPS. Immune parameters such as interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-2 (IL-2), interleukin-6 (IL-6), immunoglobulin G (IgG) and immunoglobulin A (IgA) were also improved by LPS, but the content of IL-2 and IgG in broilers fed with AAE diet was significantly lower than that of broilers fed with control diet. All the data suggested that diets supplemented with AAE could relieve the immune stress response of broilers.
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Artemisia/química , Pollos/fisiología , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Estrés Fisiológico/efectos de los fármacos , Alimentación Animal/análisis , Fenómenos Fisiológicos Nutricionales de los Animales , Animales , Dieta/veterinaria , Extractos Vegetales/química , Estrés Fisiológico/inmunologíaRESUMEN
Sheath blight (SB), caused by Rhizoctonia solani, is one of the most destructive rice diseases worldwide. It has been difficult to generate SB-resistant varieties through conventional breeding because of the quantitative nature of rice resistance to SB. In this study, we found that overexpression of the OsOSM1 gene, encoding an osmotin protein belonging to the pathogenesis-related protein 5 family, is able to improve rice resistance to SB in field tests. Although there are two osmotin genes in rice, OsOSM1 is the one mainly expressed in leaf sheath at the booting stage, coinciding with the critical stage of SB development in the field. In addition, OsOSM1 expression is strongly induced by R. solani in SB-resistant rice variety YSBR1 but not in susceptible varieties, suggesting its involvement in SB resistance. Overexpression of OsOSM1 (OsOSM1ox) in susceptible variety Xudao 3 significantly increases resistance to SB in transgenic rice. The OsOSM1 mRNA levels in different transgenic lines are found to be positively correlated with their SB resistance levels. Intriguingly, although extremely high levels of OsOSM1 were detrimental to rice development, appropriately elevated levels of OsSOM1 were obtained that enhanced rice SB resistance without affecting rice development or grain yield. The OsSOM1 protein is localized on plasma membrane. OsOSM1 is upregulated by jasmonic acid (JA); furthermore, JA-responsive marker genes are induced in OsOSM1ox lines. These results suggest that the activation of JA signaling pathway may account for the increased resistance in transgenic OsOSM1ox lines. Taken together, our results demonstrate that OsOSM1 plays an important role in defense against rice SB disease and provides a new target for engineering resistance to SB.
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The unbound excited states of the neutron drip-line isotope 24O have been investigated via the 24O(p,p')23O + n reaction in inverse kinematics at a beam energy of 62 MeV/nucleon. The decay energy spectrum of 24O* was reconstructed from the momenta of 23O and the neutron. The spin parity of the first excited state, observed at E(x) = 4.65±0.14 MeV, was determined to be J(π) = 2+ from the angular distribution of the cross section. Higher-lying states were also observed. The quadrupole transition parameter ß2 of the 2(1)+ state was deduced, for the first time, to be 0.15±0.04. The relatively high excitation energy and small ß2 value are indicative of the N = 16 shell closure in 24O.
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Receptores ErbB/antagonistas & inhibidores , Leucemia Mielógena Crónica BCR-ABL Positiva/genética , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/genética , Inhibidores de Proteínas Quinasas/farmacología , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-abl/antagonistas & inhibidores , Purinas/farmacología , Tirosina Quinasa 3 Similar a fms/antagonistas & inhibidores , Animales , Línea Celular Tumoral , Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Receptores ErbB/genética , Receptores ErbB/metabolismo , Humanos , Concentración 50 Inhibidora , Leucemia Mielógena Crónica BCR-ABL Positiva/tratamiento farmacológico , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/tratamiento farmacológico , Mutación , Fosforilación/efectos de los fármacos , Inhibidores de Proteínas Quinasas/administración & dosificación , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-abl/genética , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-abl/metabolismo , Ensayos Antitumor por Modelo de Xenoinjerto , Tirosina Quinasa 3 Similar a fms/genética , Tirosina Quinasa 3 Similar a fms/metabolismoRESUMEN
It is well known that different oxovanadium species can have significantly different biopotencies, including hypoglycemic actions. The basis for the observed differences in the biopotency of different oxovanadium species: vanadate, vanadyl, 1,10-phenanthroline bisperoxovanadate (phen-bpv), 4-methyl 1,10-phenanthroline bisperoxovanadate (mpv) and 4,7-dimethyl 1,10-phenanthroline bisperoxovanadate (dpv), was examined in this study. The cellular uptake kinetics for these oxovanadium species was measured. Phen-bpv and vandyl had the most rapid cellular uptake. Mpv, dpv and vanadate exhibited a much slower uptake kinetics. Stimulation of protein tyrosine phosphorylation (PTP), both the time dependency and the dose dependency, was used as an index for biopotency. Although phen-bpv and vanadyl had the same cellular uptake kinetics, they differed markedly in their ability to stimulate PTP. Structurally similar oxovanadium species, phen-bpv, mpv and dpv demonstrated different uptake kinetics and effects on stimulating PTP. Bioavailability, both in term of cellular uptake and migration or transport to the active site, has been shown to be an important factor, in addition to intrinsic activity of the oxovanadium species, in determining the overall biopotency. Finally, this study demonstrates that variation of the chelating ligand has a profound effect on the physiochemical properties and biological effects of the oxovanadium species.
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Vanadatos/farmacocinética , Cinética , Compuestos Organometálicos/farmacocinética , Fenantrolinas/farmacocinética , Fosfoproteínas/metabolismo , Fosforilación , Fosfotirosina/análisis , Células Tumorales Cultivadas , Vanadatos/farmacologíaRESUMEN
Oxovanadium compounds such as vanadate and peroxovanadiums have been shown to have insulin-mimetic effects on various metabolic pathways, including glucose metabolism. A differential effect of various oxovanadium species on glucose metabolism in different tissues has been reported. The results from our present in vivo studies using rats show that peroxovanadiums and insulin have similar acute effects on decreasing blood glucose levels, but dissimilar effects on blood lactate levels. Furthermore, when bisperoxovanadate (BPV) was administered acutely to intact animals immediately before a bolus insulin challenge, it blunted the effectiveness of insulin in decreasing the blood lactate level, but at the same time demonstrated a synergistic effect on the hypoglycemic action of insulin. It was also observed in in vitro studies using normal 3T3-L1 adipocytes (not serum-deprived) that 1,10-phenanthroline bisperoxovanadate (PHEN-BPV) attenuates the incorporation of carbon from lactate but not from glucose, into lipid in both the absence and presence of insulin. Additionally, it was observed that PHEN-BPV had no effect on lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity. Thus, one may speculate that PHEN-BPV interferes with carrier-mediated lactate transport. These observations demonstrate that insulin and oxovanadiums differ in the handling of different metabolic substrates. Thus, even though oxovanadiums mimic many of the metabolic actions of insulin, their metabolic effects are by no means identical. Moreover, since vanadate had no acute effect on glucose metabolism under in vivo conditions, this may suggest that to be effective as a hypoglycemic agent vanadate needs to be converted to some other biologically active oxovanadium species. Finally, the observed interference by PHEN-BPV in the metabolism of lactate may predispose subjects using oral vanadate, as a part of the therapeutic regimen for management of diabetic hyperglycemia, to lactic acidosis.