Effects of sugarcane cultivation on aquatic macroinvertebrate community structure: a historical comparative case study in São Paulo State.

Over two decades, the area with sugarcane has more than doubled, from 4.8 million hectares in 2000 to 10 million in 2018, in Brazil. São Paulo State is mostly responsible for the sugarcane production in the country, accounting for 51% of the national production. In 2008, a study was conducted analysing the relationship between sugarcane cultivation and the aquatic macroinvertebrate community, showing the impacts of sugarcane on the macroinvertebrate aquatic fauna. The present study aims to gather actual information on the aquatic macroinvertebrate community in the same streams studied in 2008, to make a historical comparison with studies previously carried out. Eight streams were selected; four located in areas of sugarcane cultivation and four located in preserved areas. Three samples were carried out between 2018 and 2020. The aquatic macroinvertebrates were collected using a D-frame aquatic net (250 µm) including riffle and pools areas and identified using specific identification keys. The results of the historical assessment showed better ecological conditions of the streams in 2008 when compared to 2018 in areas of sugarcane cultivation, suggesting that the environmental impact was maintained and increased after ten years.

Epidemiological and molecular surveillance of norovirus in the Brazilian Amazon: description of recombinant genotypes and improvement of evolutionary analysis.

Noroviruses are highly infectious, genetically diverse viruses. Global outbreaks occur frequently, making molecular surveillance important for infection monitoring. This cross-sectional descriptive study aimed to monitor cases of norovirus gastroenteritis in the Brazilian Amazon. Fecal samples were tested by immunoenzymatic assay, RT-PCR and genetic sequencing for the ORF1/ORF2 and protease regions. Bayesian inference with a molecular clock was employed to construct the phylogeny. The norovirus prevalence was 25.8%, with a higher positivity rate among children aged 0-24 months. Genogroup GII accounted for 98.1% of the sequenced samples, while GI accounted for 1.9% of them. The GII.P16/GII.4 genotype was the most prevalent, with an evolution rate of 2.87x10-3 and TMRCA estimated in 2012. This study demonstrates that norovirus is a primary causative agent of gastroenteritis and provides data on viral genetic diversity that may facilitate infection surveillance and vaccine development.

Selenium Biomarkers and Their Relationship to Cardiovascular Risk Parameters in Obese Women.

A cross-sectional study was carried out with 210 women divided into a case group (obese, n = 84) and a control group (eutrophic, n = 126). Body weight, height, waist circumference (WC), and hip and neck circumference were measured and the waist-hip ratio and conicity index were calculated. Selenium in plasma, erythrocytes and urine, erythrocyte GPx activity, lipid profile, Castelli I and II indices, and systolic and diastolic blood (DBP) pressure were evaluated. Mean dietary selenium intake (µg/kg/day) and plasma and erythrocyte concentrations were lower in the obese group compared to the healthy group (p < 0.001). while urinary selenium concentrations were higher (p < 0.001). There was a statistical difference between groups regarding cardiovascular risk parameters: waist circumference, neck circumference, waist-hip ratio, conicity index, triacylglycerols (TGC), and lipoproteins rich in triacylglycerols (VLDL-c) (p > 0.05). There was a negative correlation between plasma selenium concentrations and total cholesterol (TC), non-high-density lipoprotein (non-HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL-c), and systolic blood pressure (SBP). Urinary selenium correlated negatively with waist circumference and hip circumference and positively with neck circumference, TC, TGC, high-density lipoprotein (HDL-c), non-HDL, and VLDL-c. There was a negative correlation between dietary selenium and waist circumference, waist-hip ratio, neck circumference, conicity index, non-HDL cholesterol, LDL-c, and Castelli indices I and II, as well as a positive correlation with HDL-c and diastolic blood pressure. Women with obesity present changes in their nutritional status related to selenium, as well as increased cardiovascular risk parameters. Thus, the positive role of selenium in protecting the risk of cardiovascular disease is likely.

Epidemiological and molecular surveillance of norovirus in the Brazilian Amazon: description of recombinant genotypes and improvement of evolutionary analysis

ABSTRACT Noroviruses are highly infectious, genetically diverse viruses. Global outbreaks occur frequently, making molecular surveillance important for infection monitoring. This cross-sectional descriptive study aimed to monitor cases of norovirus gastroenteritis in the Brazilian Amazon. Fecal samples were tested by immunoenzymatic assay, RT-PCR and genetic sequencing for the ORF1/ORF2 and protease regions. Bayesian inference with a molecular clock was employed to construct the phylogeny. The norovirus prevalence was 25.8%, with a higher positivity rate among children aged 0-24 months. Genogroup GII accounted for 98.1% of the sequenced samples, while GI accounted for 1.9% of them. The GII.P16/GII.4 genotype was the most prevalent, with an evolution rate of 2.87x10−3 and TMRCA estimated in 2012. This study demonstrates that norovirus is a primary causative agent of gastroenteritis and provides data on viral genetic diversity that may facilitate infection surveillance and vaccine development.

Molecular analysis of canine circovirus in dogs from animal shelters in Belém, Pará, northern Brazil: first detection at the amazon region.

The canine circovirus (CanCV) is a single-stranded DNA virus that has become an important emerging virus associated with gastroenteritis in dogs worldwide. In the present study, the CanCV was detected by PCR in 15% (22/147) of dogs from animal shelters in Belém, between 2019 and 2020. We observed an association between the CanCV infection and the presence of diarrhea in animals younger than one year of age (p > 0.01). The Brazilian strains were grouped in Chinese genotypes, with 99.54 to 100% nucleotilde homology. The GMRF Bayesian Skyride used the molecular clock model, which was the best suited technique to plot the dataset. The most recent common ancestor (TMRCA) was estimated in 2017, with the evolution rate of 1.6 x 10-3 s/s/y. The viral family diversity was also investigated, with emphasis on the families of the enteric pathogenic viruses Parvoviridae, Picornaviridae and Astroviridae, which were detected in the CanCV positive pooled samples. This study highlights the importance of the CanCV as an emergent virus that causes diarrhea in Brazilian dogs. The results found herein contribute to the understanding of the role of CanCV in enteric diseases and in the evolutionary molecular characterization of the circulating genotypes. Furthermore, we increased the understanding of the fecal virome in dogs with diarrhea, providing data for the monitoring and prevention viral gastroenteric diseases in domestic animals.

O circovírus canino (CanCV) é um vírus de DNA de fita simples que se tornou um importante vírus emergente associado à gastroenterite em cães em todo o mundo. No presente estudo, o CanCV foi detectado por PCR em 15% (22/147) dos cães de abrigos de animais em Belém, entre 2019 e 2020. Observamos uma associação entre a infecção pelo CanCV e a presença de diarreia em animais menores de um ano de idade (p > 0,01). As linhagens brasileiras foram agrupadas em genótipos chineses, com 99,54 a 100% de homologia nucleotídica. O GMRF Bayesian Skyride foi o modelo de relógio molecular utilizado, sendo o método mais adequado para o conjunto de dados. O ancestral comum mais recente (TMRCA) foi estimado em 2017, com taxa de evolução de 1,6 x 10-3 s/s/ano. A diversidade de famílias virais também foi investigada, com destaque para as famílias dos vírus patogênicos entéricos Parvoviridae, Picornaviridae e Astroviridae, que foram detectadas nos pools de amostras positivas para CanCV. Este estudo destaca a importância do CanCV como um vírus emergente que causa diarreia em cães brasileiros. Os resultados aqui encontrados contribuem para a compreensão do papel do CanCV nas doenças entéricas e na caracterização molecular evolutiva dos genótipos circulantes. Além disso, aumentamos a compreensão do viroma fecal em cães com diarreia, fornecendo dados para o monitoramento e prevenção de doenças gastroentéricas virais em animais domésticos.

Association Between Parameters of Cortisol Metabolism, Biomarkers of Minerals (Zinc, Selenium, and Magnesium), and Insulin Resistance and Oxidative Stress in Women with Obesity.

This is a cross-sectional study with women divided into a group of those with obesity (n = 80) and a control group (n = 94). Statistical analysis was conducted using the SPSS program. There were high values of GPx and TBARS and reduced values of SOD in women with obesity compared to the control group. Obese women showed increased concentrations of cortisol in serum and urine as well as hypozincemia, hyposelenemia, and hypomagnesemia and increased urinary excretion of these minerals. There was a negative correlation between the cortisol/cortisone ratio and erythrocyte zinc and selenium concentrations and a significant positive correlation between GPx and SOD activity and erythrocyte and plasma concentrations of zinc and selenium. The results of the study suggest the influence of adiposity on the increase in cortisol concentrations and the role of this hormone in the compartmentalization of the minerals zinc, selenium, and magnesium. However, the association study does not allow identifying the impact of such action on the antioxidant defense system and insulin sensitivity.

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SELENIUM NUTRITIONAL STATUS AND MARKERS OF LOW-GRADE CHRONIC INFLAMMATION IN OBESE WOMEN.

Low-grade chronic inflammation is one of the main disorders that characterize adipose tissue dysfunction in obesity and is an important element in the pathogenesis of several comorbidities. In this context, selenium is an essential micronutrient that exerts important anti-inflammatory functions, and the role of selenium in controlling inflammation associated with obesity is not well defined. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the relationship between markers of the nutritional status of selenium and low-grade chronic inflammation in obese women. This cross-sectional study included 81 women aged between 18 and 50 years, who were divided into two groups according to body mass index (BMI): the obesity group (n = 38) and normal weight group (n = 43). Selenium intake was assessed by 3-day diet records. The plasma, erythrocyte, and urinary selenium concentrations were determined using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. The analysis of serum cytokines interleukin (IL)-8, IL-1ß, IL-6, IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) was performed using flow cytometry. The results of this study revealed that the obese women had higher dietary intake of selenium than eutrophic women. However, obese participants showed decreased selenium concentrations in plasma and erythrocytes, in parallel with increased concentrations of selenium in the urine. Regarding the inflammatory parameters, obese women exhibited higher concentrations of IL-6 and lower concentrations of the cytokines IL-8, IL-1ß, and TNFα than eutrophic women. In the binary logistic regression analysis, erythrocyte selenium was considered an independent predictor of the serum concentrations of cytokine IL-8 in obese women, reflecting the anti-inflammatory action of this micronutrient.

Ginástica Laboral em Centro Pós-Covid: relato de experiência do PetSaúde Gestão e Assistência / Labor Gymnastics in a Post-Covid Center: experience report of Pet-Saúde Management and Assistance / Gimnasio Laboral en un Centro Post-Covid: informe de experiencia de PetSaúde Gestión y Asistencia

Objetivo: relatar experiência da ginástica laboral por integrantes do Programa de Educação pelo Trabalho para Saúde Gestão e Assistência em Centro de Tratamento Pós-Covid. Método: Relato de experiência sobre a vivência da ginástica laboral por integrantes do programa na implantação do projeto: 'Em Movimento com integrantes do Programa de Educação pelo Trabalho para Saúde Gestão e Assistência em Centro de Tratamento Pós-Covid: contribuição da ginástica laboral', idealizado durante as atividades no cenário no período de agosto de 2022 a julho de 2023. Foi confeccionado um card informativo para guiar as atividades e conduzido pelo bolsista de educação física, sendo as observações relatadas em um diário de campo para avaliação da prática. Resultados: Foram realizados 10 encontros de ginástica laboral com os participantes, sendo aplicada primeiramente a ginástica de aquecimento e nos outros encontros, outras modalidades (relaxamento e compensatória) foram inseridas de acordo com a aceitabilidade dos trabalhadores, que avaliaram como positivo o projeto. Conclusão: A realização da vivência mostrou-se exitosa por possibilitar a socialização dos trabalhadores no momento de pausa durante a ginástica laboral, estimular a prevenção de doenças ocupacionais, possível diminuição dos custos com afastamentos por doenças osteoarticulares, aumento da produtividade e melhora do clima organizacional.

Objective: to report the experience of labor gymnastics by members of Program for Learning Trough Work for Health Management and Assistance in a Post-Covid Treatment Center. Method: Experience report on the experience of labor gymnastics by members of the program in the implementation of the project: 'In Motion with members of the Program for Learning Trough Work for Health Management and Assistance in a Post-Covid Treatment Center: contribution of labor gymnastics', idealized during activities in the scenario in the period from August 2022 to July 2023. An information card was made to guide the activities and conducted by the physical education fellow, and the observations reported in a field diary to evaluate the practice. Results: 10 labor gymnastics meetings were held with the participants, with warm-up gymnastics being applied in the first and during the meetings, other modalities (relaxation and compensatory) were inserted according to the acceptability of the workers, who evaluated the project as positive. Conclusion: The realization of the experience proved to be successful for enabling the socialization of workers at the time of break during the GL, stimulating the prevention of occupational diseases, possible reduction of costs with leaves due to osteoarticular diseases and increased productivity and improvement of the organizational climate.

Objetivo: relatar la experiencia de gimnasia laboral por integrantes del "Programa de Educação pelo Trabalho para Saude" Gestión y Asistencia en un Centro de Tratamiento Post-Covid. Método: Informe de experiencia sobre la experiencia de GL por miembros del programa en la implementación del proyecto: 'En movimiento con miembros de Gestión y Asistencia en un Centro de Tratamiento Post-Covid: contribución"Programa de Educação pelo Trabalho para Saude" de la gimnasia laboral', idealizado durante actividades en el escenario en el período de agosto de 2022 a julio de 2023. Se elaboró una ficha informativa para orientar las actividades y conducida por el becario de educación física, y las observaciones reportadas en un diario de campo como forma de evaluación de la práctica. Resultados: Se realizaron 10 encuentros gimnasia laboral con los participantes, aplicándose gimnasia de calentamiento en el primer momento y durante los encuentros se insertaron otras modalidades (relajación y compensatoria) según la aceptabilidad de los trabajadores, quienes evaluaron el proyecto como positivo. Conclusión: La realización de la experiencia demostró ser exitosa por posibilitar la socialización de los trabajadores en el momento del descanso durante la gimnasia laboral, estimulando la prevención de enfermedades profesionales, posible reducción de costos con bajas por enfermedades osteoarticulares y aumento de la productividad y mejora de la clima organizacional.

Diversity of Phospholipases A2 from Bothrops atrox Snake Venom: Adaptive Advantages for Snakes Compromising Treatments for Snakebite Patients.

The evolution of snake venoms resulted in multigene toxin families that code for structurally similar isoforms eventually harboring distinct functions. PLA2s are dominant toxins in viper venoms, and little is known about the impact of their diversity on human envenomings and neutralization by antivenoms. Here, we show the isolation of three distinct PLA2s from B. atrox venom. FA1 is a Lys-49 homologue, and FA3 and FA4 are catalytic Asp-49 PLA2s. FA1 and FA3 are basic myotoxic proteins, while FA4 is an acid non-myotoxic PLA2. FA3 was the most potent toxin, inducing higher levels of edema, inflammatory nociception, indirect hemolysis, and anticoagulant activity on human, rat, and chicken plasmas. FA4 presented lower anticoagulant activity, and FA1 had only a slight effect on human and rat plasmas. PLA2s presented differential reactivities with antivenoms, with an emphasis on FA3, which was not recognized or neutralized by the antivenoms used in this study. Our findings reveal the functional and antigenic diversity among PLA2s from B. atrox venom, highlighting the importance of assessing venom variability for understanding human envenomations and treatment with antivenoms, particularly evident here as the antivenom fails to recognize FA3, the most active multifunctional toxin described.

Adipose Tissue Dysfunction: Impact on Metabolic Changes?

Adipose tissue is a metabolically dynamic organ that is the primary site of storage for excess energy, but it serves as an endocrine organ capable of synthesizing a number of biologically active compounds that regulate metabolic homeostasis. However, when the capacity of expansion of this tissue exceeds, dysfunction occurs, favoring ectopic accumulation of fat in the visceral, which has been implicated in several disease states, most notably obesity. This review highlights the mechanisms involved in the structure of adipose tissue, tissue expandability, adipocyte dysfunction, as well as the impact of these events on the manifestation of important metabolic disorders associated with adipose tissue dysfunction. A literature search using Pubmed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Cochrane databases were used to identify relevant studies, using clinical trials, experimental studies in animals and humans, case-control studies, case series, letters to the editor, and review articles published in English, without restrictions on year of publication. The excessive ectopic lipid accumulation leads to local inflammation and insulin resistance. Indeed, overnutrition triggers uncontrolled inflammatory responses white adipose tissue, leading to chronic low-grade inflammation, therefore fostering the progression of important metabolic disorders. Thus, it is essential to advance the understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in adipose tissue dysfunction in order to mitigate the negative metabolic consequences of obesity.

Evaluation of parasite contamination on toothbrushes in children in Southeastern Brazil / Evaluación de la contaminación parasitaria en cepillos de dientes en niños del sudeste de Brasil

ABSTRACT Introduction : The toothbrush is an important object for the hygiene of the oral cavity and an effective mechanism to remove the oral waste. Objective : To evaluate the perception of care, storage and parasitic contamination of toothbrushes in children with special health care needs (CSHCN) and children without special health care needs (CWSHCN) in Southern of Minas Gerais State. Material and Methods : This is an observational cross-sectional non-randomized study. The population consisted in 54 children, with age between 7 and 14 years. The questionnaire was distributed to patients to evaluate the perception of care and storage of children's toothbrushes. Investigation of toothbrushes contamination was performed by parasitological examination and real-time polymerase chain reactions. Results : Regarding the procedures performed after brushing, 50.0% of children with special health care needs (CSHCN) and 56.3% of children without special health care needs (CWSHCN) report washing their brush bristles with water (p <0.001). Both groups did not use an antiseptic solution on toothbrushes. 73.3% of (CSHCN) and 58.7% of (CWSHCN) answered that they use some protection (brush holder and bathroom cabinet) to avoid exposure of brushes to the environment (p <0.001). Conclusion : The children investigated by the study presented good conditions of care and storage of their toothbrushes. No contamination by pathogenic parasites was found during the study period.

RESUMEN Introducción : El cepillo de dientes es un objeto importante para la higiene de la cavidad bucal y un mecanismo eficaz para eliminar los residuos bucales. Objetivo : Evaluar la percepción del cuidado, almacenamiento y contaminación parasitaria de los cepillos dentales en niños con necesidades especiales de salud (CSHCN) y niños sin necesidades especiales de salud (CWSHCN) en el sur del estado de Minas Gerais. Material y Métodos : Se trata de un estudio observacional transversal no aleatorio. La población consistió en 54 niños, con edad entre 7 y 14 años. El cuestionario fue distribuido a los pacientes para evaluar la percepción del cuidado y almacenamiento de los cepillos dentales de los niños. La investigación de la contaminación de los cepillos dentales se realizó mediante un examen parasitológico y reacciones en cadena de la polimerasa en tiempo real. Resultados : En cuanto a los procedimientos realizados tras el cepillado, el 50,0% de los niños con necesidades especiales de atención sanitaria (NCNEAS) y el 56,3% de los niños sin necesidades especiales de atención sanitaria (NSNEAS) refieren lavar las cerdas del cepillo con agua (p <0,001). Ambos grupos no utilizaron una solución antiséptica en los cepillos de dientes. El 73,3% de los (NCNEAS) y el 58,7% de los (NSNEAS) contestaron que utilizan alguna protección (portacepillos y mueble de baño) para evitar la exposición de los cepillos al medio ambiente (p <0,001). Conclusiones : Los niños investigados por el estudio presentaron buenas condiciones de cuidado y almacenamiento de sus cepillos dentales. No se encontró contaminación por parásitos patógenos durante el período de estudio.

Participation of Magnesium in the Secretion and Signaling Pathways of Insulin: an Updated Review.

Several studies have demonstrated the participation of various minerals in mechanisms involving insulin. Magnesium, in particular, plays an important role in the secretion and action of this hormone. Therefore, this review aimed to examine the latest insights into the biochemical and molecular aspects of the participation of magnesium in insulin sensitivity. Magnesium plays a vital role in the activity of intracellular proteins involved in insulin secretion in ß-pancreatic cells, such as glucokinase, ATPase, and protein kinase C. In addition, evidence suggests that this mineral participates directly in insulin sensitivity and signaling in peripheral tissues, acting in the phosphorylation of the receptor tyrosine kinase and the insulin receptor substrates 1, insulin receptor substrates 2, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, and protein kinase B, and indirectly by reducing oxidative stress and chronic low-grade inflammation, which also lead to insulin resistance. Thus, magnesium deficiency is associated with glucose intolerance, while magnesium supplementation stimulates insulin secretion in pancreatic cells and improves insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissues. However, studies must consider assess short- and long-term nutritional status of mineral before performing intervention, the relevance of the balance of other nutrients that influence hormone secretion and sensibility, and health status of the assessed population.

Elderly victims of violence: family assessment through the Calgary model.

OBJECTIVE: To understand the structure, development, and functionality of the family of the elderly victim of violence. METHOD: Descriptive research with a qualitative approach, based on the Calgary Family Assessment Model. Four elderly people who suffered violence and their family members were assessed at home, from October to November 2019. Data analysis was based on the genogram and ecomap, as proposed in the model. RESULTS: It was found that the members of the four families had low schooling and financial difficulties. As for the social support network, the neighbors, the health unit and the Church stood out. The members of each family nucleus expressed feelings of fear, insecurity, anger, nervousness, sadness and impotence, resulting from the conflict between the couple. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: In the assessed families, weaknesses and potentialities in the structure, development and functioning are highlighted, which must be considered in the elaboration of the care plan.

Antiviral and immunological activity of zinc and possible role in COVID-19.

Zn deficiency compromises its biological functions, its effect on the immune system and its antiviral activity, increasing vulnerability to infectious diseases. This narrative review aims at presenting and discussing functional aspects and possible mechanisms involved in the potential role of Zn in the immune response and antiviral activity for coronavirus infectious disease-19 (COVID-19) prevention and control. The searches were conducted in PubMed and Science Direct databases, using clinical trials, experimental studies in animals and humans, case-control studies, case series, letters to the editor, and review articles published in English, without restrictions on year of publication. Search approach was based on using the terms: 'zinc', 'COVID-19', 'antiviral agents', 'immunologic factors' and 'respiratory tract infections'. Literature shows the importance of Zn as an essential mineral immunomodulator with relevant antiviral activity in the body. Thus, although there is still a scarcity of studies evaluating Zn supplementation in patients with COVID-19, the results on the topic show the necessity of controlling Zn mineral deficiency, as well as maintaining its homoeostasis in the body in order to strengthen the immune system and improve the prevention of highly complex viral infections, such as that of the COVID-19.

Perception of health-related quality of life, sleep quality and sleepiness index in an educational environment at a dental school in Southeast Brazil.

INTRODUCTION: University entrance is often associated with changes in quality of life, individuals' cognitive and physical behavior. The present study aimed to evaluate health-related quality of life (HRQoL), sleep quality and sleepiness index in dentistry students at a university in Southeast Brazil, in different semesters of their course. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Samples were obtained from 55 students from the dentistry course at the Federal University of Alfenas (UNIFAL-MG). For collecting information, validated SF-36 questionnaires (Medical Outcomes Study 36-item Short-Form Health Survey), namely, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), were used as instruments in an educational environment. The relationship between the association of demographic factors and academic performance with SF-36, PSQI and ESS was assessed with an alpha of 0.05. RESULTS: The worst HRQoL parameters reported by the participants were observed in the domains of body pain, vitality, general health perception, and limitations due to emotional and social aspects when associated with the investigated variables. Regarding the relative sleep quality index, differences in the PSQI domains were observed when related to demographic factors and academic performance. There was no significant difference in the sleepiness index of these students according to the mean values of the ESS domains. CONCLUSION: The SF-36, PSQI and ESS questionnaires indicated that it is a reliable instrument for measuring the impact of quality of life on dentistry students. In addition, dentistry students of UNIFAL-MG had poor indicators of quality of life associated with health and an inadequate index of quality of sleep.

Elderly victims of violence: family assessment through the Calgary model / Víctima antigua de violencia: evaluación la familia a través del modelo Calgary / Idosos vítimas de violência: avaliação da família por meio do modelo Calgary

ABSTRACT Objective: To understand the structure, development, and functionality of the family of the elderly victim of violence. Method: Descriptive research with a qualitative approach, based on the Calgary Family Assessment Model. Four elderly people who suffered violence and their family members were assessed at home, from October to November 2019. Data analysis was based on the genogram and ecomap, as proposed in the model. Results: It was found that the members of the four families had low schooling and financial difficulties. As for the social support network, the neighbors, the health unit and the Church stood out. The members of each family nucleus expressed feelings of fear, insecurity, anger, nervousness, sadness and impotence, resulting from the conflict between the couple. Final considerations: In the assessed families, weaknesses and potentialities in the structure, development and functioning are highlighted, which must be considered in the elaboration of the care plan.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Comprender la estructura, desarrollo y funcionalidad de la familia del anciano víctima de violencia. Método: Investigación descriptiva con enfoque cualitativo, basada en el Modelo de Evaluación de la Familia de Calgary. Cuatro ancianos que sufrieron violencia y sus familiares fueron evaluados en su domicilio, de octubre a noviembre de 2019. El análisis de los datos se basó en el genograma y ecomapa, como se propone en el modelo. Resultados: Se encontró que los miembros de las cuatro familias tenían baja escolaridad y dificultades económicas. En cuanto a la red de apoyo social, destacaron los vecinos, la unidad de salud y la Iglesia. Los miembros de cada núcleo familiar expresaron sentimientos de miedo, inseguridad, enfado, nerviosismo, tristeza e impotencia, resultado del conflicto entre la pareja. Consideraciones finales: En las familias evaluadas se destacan debilidades y potencialidades en la estructura, desarrollo y funcionamiento, que deben ser consideradas en la elaboración del plan de cuidados.

RESUMO Objetivo: Compreender a estrutura, o desenvolvimento e a funcionalidade da família da pessoa idosa vítima de violência. Método: Pesquisa descritiva e de abordagem qualitativa, pautada no Modelo Calgary de Avaliação Familiar. Avaliaram-se, no próprio domicílio, quatro idosos que sofreram violência e os respectivos familiares, no período de outubro a novembro de 2019. A análise dos dados ocorreu com base no genograma e ecomapa, conforme proposto no modelo. Resultados: Verificou-se que os integrantes das quatro famílias apresentaram baixa escolaridade e dificuldades financeiras. Quanto à rede de suporte social, destacaram-se os vizinhos, a unidade de saúde e a Igreja. Os membros de cada núcleo familiar manifestaram sentimentos de medo, insegurança, raiva, nervosismo, tristeza e impotência, decorrentes do conflito entre o casal. Considerações finais: Destaca-se, nas famílias avaliadas, fragilidades e potencialidades na estrutura, no desenvolvimento e no funcionamento, que devem ser consideradas na elaboração do plano de cuidados.

Elder abuse: actions and suggestions by Primary Health Care professionals.

OBJECTIVE: to analyze the actions and suggestions of Primary Care professionals in relation to elder abuse. METHOD: this is a research with a qualitative approach based on the realization of focus groups with professionals from Primary Health Care in a city in the interior of São Paulo. The methodological stance of Hermeneutic-Dialectic thinking (HD) was adopted. RESULTS: two themes were listed: Actions taken by health professionals and Suggestions for improving care for elderly victims of violence. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: professionals emphasized the need to implement new resources and improve the functioning of existing ones, so that comprehensive care is possible, in order to prevent and intervene in the important social and public health problem that violence represents.

Effect of different residential settings on gait kinematic parameters in older adults with cognitive impairment.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the parameters of gait kinematics of older adults with cognitive impairment who live in community dwellings or those living or spending most of the time in non-family environment settings. METHODS: The sample was composed of 33 older adults of both sexes with cognitive impairment. Participants were separated into three groups: a community-dwelling older adult group comprised of 11 subjects; a semi-institutionalized older adult group comprised of 10 older adults attended in a geriatric daycare institution; and an institutionalized older adult group comprised of 12 older adults living in long-term institutions. Gait kinematics were recorded by pressure sensors (footswitches). Fifty gait cycles at self-selected pace were analyzed to obtain: gait speed, stride length, stance, swing, and stride time. The variability of these parameters was also analyzed. RESULTS: MANCOVA identified the main effect of groups (p < 0.001). Gait speed of older adults living in long-term institutions and older adults attended in geriatric daycare institutions was slower than community-living older adults (p < 0.001 and p = 0.04, respectively). Swing and stride time variability was higher in older adults living in long-term institutions (p = 0.003 and p = 0.001) and in older adults attended in geriatric daycare institutions (p = 0.02 and p = 0.001) than in community-dwelling older adults. CONCLUSION: The most important finding was that older adults with cognitive impairment who need non-family residential setting care had higher gait kinematics abnormalities, which may increase the risk of falls, compared to those who live in the community.

Elder abuse: actions and suggestions by Primary Health Care professionals / Violência contra o idoso: ações e sugestões dos profissionais da Atenção Primária à Saúde

ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze the actions and suggestions of Primary Care professionals in relation to elder abuse. Method: this is a research with a qualitative approach based on the realization of focus groups with professionals from Primary Health Care in a city in the interior of São Paulo. The methodological stance of Hermeneutic-Dialectic thinking (HD) was adopted. Results: two themes were listed: Actions taken by health professionals and Suggestions for improving care for elderly victims of violence. Final considerations: professionals emphasized the need to implement new resources and improve the functioning of existing ones, so that comprehensive care is possible, in order to prevent and intervene in the important social and public health problem that violence represents.

RESUMEN Objetivo: analizar las acciones y sugerencias de los profesionales de Atención Primaria sobre la violencia contra los ancianos. Método: investigación con enfoque cualitativo basada en la realización de grupos focales con profesionales de la Atención Primaria de Salud en una ciudad del interior de São Paulo. Se adoptó la postura metodológica del pensamiento hermenéutico-dialéctico (HD). Resultados: se enumeraron dos temas: Acciones realizadas por profesionales de la salud y Sugerencias para mejorar la atención a los ancianos víctimas de violencia. Consideraciones finales: los profesionales enfatizaron la necesidad de implementar nuevos recursos y mejorar el funcionamiento de los existentes, de manera que sea posible la atención integral, con miras a prevenir e intervenir en el importante problema social y de salud pública que representa la violencia.

RESUMO Objetivo: analisar as ações e sugestões dos profissionais da Atenção Primária em relação à violência contra o idoso. Método: pesquisa com abordagem qualitativa a partir da realização de grupos focais com profissionais da Atenção Primária à Saúde de um município do interior paulista. Adotou-se a postura metodológica do pensamento Hermenêutico-Dialético (HD). Resultados: foram elencadas duas temáticas: Ações realizadas pelos profissionais de saúde e Sugestões para melhoria da atenção ao idoso vítima de violência. Considerações finais: os profissionais enfatizaram a necessidade de implementar novos recursos e de melhoria no funcionamento dos já existentes, para que seja possível o atendimento integral, com vistas a prevenir e intervir no importante problema social e de saúde pública que a violência representa.

Violence against the older adult: perceptions of the basic health care teams / Violencia contra adultos mayores: percepciones de los equipos de atención básica de la salud / Violência contra a pessoa idosa: percepções das equipes da atenção básica à saúde

ABSTRACT Objective: to understand how the professionals working in primary care teams perceive violence against the older adult. Method: a qualitative study, carried out from the conduction of four focus groups with a total of 30 basic care professionals, in the municipality of Marília, São Paulo. Data collection was carried out from November to December 2018. For data analysis, Hermeneutics-Dialectics was adopted. Results: it was revealed that the professionals suspect and identify cases of physical and financial violence and mainly negligence, with the main perpetrator of the aggression being a family member. They recognize that older adults are in complex life contexts and that many situations are beyond their capacity for intervention. They expressed fear and insecurity in reporting the cases and are unaware of the role of the other services, making the approach even more complex. Conclusion: the professionals experience situations of violence against the older adult in their daily lives; however, barriers such as fear of reporting the cases, ignorance of the roles of different professionals, and the inefficiency of the care network hinder the necessary interventions.

RESUMEN Objetivo: comprender cómo los profesionales de los equipos de atención básica de la salud perciben la violencia contra adultos mayores. Método: estudio cualitativo, realizado a partir de la creación de cuatro grupos focales, con un total de 30 profesionales de la atención primaria de la salud, en el municipio de Marília-SP. La recolección de datos se realizó entre noviembre y diciembre de 2018. Para el análisis, se adoptó la Hermenéutica-Dialéctica. Resultados: se revela que los profesionales sospechan y corroboran casos de violencia física, financiera y, principalmente, casos de negligencia, advirtiéndose que el principal autor de la agresión es un miembro de la familia. Se reconoce que los adultos mayores se hallan en contextos de vida complejos y que muchas situaciones van más allá de su capacidad de intervención. Los profesionales expresan miedo e inseguridad en la realización de denuncias y desconocen el rol de otras instituciones, hecho que torna el abordaje aún más complejo. Conclusión: los profesionales atraviesan situaciones de violencia contra el adulto mayor en su cotidianeidad, sin embargo, barreras como el miedo a realizar la denuncia, o el desconocimiento sobre el rol de otros profesionales, y la ineficacia de la red de atención dificultan las intervenciones necesarias.

RESUMO Objetivo: compreender como os profissionais das equipes de atenção primária percebem a violência contra a pessoa idosa. Método: estudo qualitativo, realizado a partir da realização de quatro grupos focais com um total de 30 profissionais da atenção básica, no município de Marília-SP. A coleta de dados foi realizada de novembro a dezembro de 2018. Para a análise dos dados, adotou-se a Hermenêutica-Dialética. Resultados: revelou que os profissionais suspeitam e identificam casos de violência física, financeira e principalmente a negligência, sendo o principal autor da agressão um membro da família. Reconhecem que os idosos se encontram em contextos de vida complexos e muitas situações estão além de suas capacidades de intervenção. Expressaram medo e insegurança na realização da denúncia e desconhecem o papel dos demais serviços, tornando a abordagem ainda mais complexa. Conclusão: os profissionais vivenciam situações de violência contra o idoso no seu cotidiano; no entanto, barreiras como o medo de realizar a denúncia, o desconhecimento dos papéis de diferentes profissionais e a falta de efetividade da rede de atenção dificultam as intervenções necessárias.