[Emphysematous pyelonephritis: report of a case and review of the literature]. / Pielonefritis enfisematosa: presentación de un caso y revisión de la literatura.

Emphysematous pyelonephritis is a necrotizing renal parenquima infection, which is diabetes mellitus related in almost all cases. This is life threatening and has a high mortality rates despite aggressive management. The most important thing in management is a high diagnostic suspicious and also a rapid treatment, which means nephrectomy. We expose a case giving especial importance to clinical and image diagnose as treatment and evolution. We also make a literature review trying to understand this entity and find pathways for its therapeutic management.

[Persistent Mullerian duct syndrome]. / Síndrome del conducto persistente de Müller.

We report on a 14-year-old boy who was admitted to the emergency department for acute retention of urine. At age 1 year, he had been submitted to surgery for left cryptorchidism and left-sided herniation, associated with hypospadias of the glans penis. Radiologic and endoscopic work up revealed a large retrovesical cavity with septation in its upper portion communicating with the prostatic urethra. These structures were removed and pathologic examination disclosed remnants of Müllerian ducts. This uncommon disease entity whose etiopathogenesis is ascribed to a deficient activity of the Müllerian inhibiting factor (MIF) classically presents in phenotypically male subjects with unilateral cryptorchidism, contralateral herniation, and persistent Müllerian remnants. The literature is reviewed, highlighting the diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of this syndrome.