Knockdown of the Clock gene in the liver aggravates MASLD in mice via inhibiting lipophagy.

The increased global prevalence of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASLD) has been closely associated with chronic disorders of the circadian clock. Herein, we investigate the role of Clock, a core circadian gene, in the pathogenesis of MASLD. Wild-type (WT) and liver-specific Clock knockdown (Clock-KD) mice were fed a Western diet for 20 weeks to induce MASLD. A cellular MASLD model was established by treating AML12 cells with free fatty acids and the effects of Clock knockdown were examined following transfection with Clock siRNA. Increased lipid deposition and more severe steatohepatitis and fibrosis were observed in the livers of Western diet-fed but not normal chow diet-fed Clock-KD mice after 20 weeks compared to WT mice. Moreover, the Clock gene was found to be significantly downregulated in WT MASLD mice. The Clock gene was shown to regulate the expression of lipophagy-related proteins (LC3B, P62, RAB7, and PLIN2) in vivo and in vitro. Knockdown of Clock was found to inhibit lipophagy resulting in increased accumulation of lipid droplets in the mouse liver and AML12 cells. Interestingly, the CLOCK protein was shown to interact with P62. However, knockdown of the Clock gene did not promote transcription of the P62 gene but suppressed degradation of the P62 protein during lipophagy in AML12 cells. The hepatic Clock gene regulates lipophagy and affects lipid droplet deposition in liver cells, and thus plays a critical role in the development of MASLD induced by a Western diet.

Graphene-skinned alumina fiber fabricated through metalloid-catalytic graphene CVD growth on nonmetallic substrate and its mass production.

Graphene growth on widely used dielectrics/insulators via chemical vapor deposition (CVD) is a strategy toward transfer-free applications of CVD graphene for the realization of advanced composite materials. Here, we develop graphene-skinned alumina fibers/fabrics (GAFs/GAFFs) through graphene CVD growth on commercial alumina fibers/fabrics (AFs/AFFs). We reveal a vapor-surface-solid growth model on a non-metallic substrate, which is distinct from the well-established vapor-solid model on conventional non-catalytic non-metallic substrates, but bears a closer resemblance to that observed on catalytic metallic substrates. The metalloid-catalytic growth of graphene on AFs/AFFs resulted in reduced growth temperature (~200 °C lower) and accelerated growth rate (~3.4 times faster) compared to that obtained on a representative non-metallic counterpart, quartz fiber. The fabricated GAFF features a wide-range tunable electrical conductivity (1-15000 Ω sq-1), high tensile strength (>1.5 GPa), lightweight, flexibility, and a hierarchical macrostructure. These attributes are inherited from both graphene and AFF, making GAFF promising for various applications including electrical heating and electromagnetic interference shielding. Beyond laboratory level preparation, the stable mass production of large-scale GAFF has been achieved through a home-made roll-to-roll system with capacity of 468-93600 m2/year depending on product specifications, providing foundations for the subsequent industrialization of this material, enabling its widespread adoption in various industries.

Fluid-Dynamics-Rectified Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) Preparing Graphene-Skinned Glass Fiber Fabric and Its Application in Natural Energy Harvest.

Graphene chemical vapor deposition (CVD) growth directly on target using substrates presents a significant route toward graphene applications. However, the substrates are usually catalytic-inert and special-shaped; thus, large-scale, high-uniformity, and high-quality graphene growth is challenging. Herein, graphene-skinned glass fiber fabric (GGFF) was developed through graphene CVD growth on glass fiber fabric, a Widely used engineering material. A fluid dynamics rectification strategy was first proposed to synergistically regulate the distribution of carbon species in 3D space and their collisions with hierarchical-structured substrates, through which highly uniform deposition of high-quality graphene on fibers in large-scale 3D-woven fabric was realized. This strategy is universal and applicable to CVD systems using various carbon precursors. GGFF exhibits high electrical conductivity and photothermal conversion capability, based on which a natural energy harvester was first developed. It can harvest both solar and raindrop energy through solar heating and droplet-based electricity generating, presenting promising potentials to alleviate energy burdens.

Controllable preparation of graphene glass fiber fabric towards mass production and its application in self-adaptive thermal management.

Direct synthesis of graphene on nonmetallic substrates via chemical vapor deposition (CVD) has become a frontier research realm targeting transfer-free applications of CVD graphene. However, the stable mass production of graphene with a favorable growth rate and quality remains a grand challenge. Herein, graphene glass fiber fabric (GGFF) was successfully developed through the controllable growth of graphene on non-catalytic glass fiber fabric, employing a synergistic binary-precursor CVD strategy to alleviate the dilemma between growth rate and quality. The binary precursors consisted of acetylene and acetone, where acetylene with high decomposition efficiency fed rapid graphene growth while oxygen-containing acetone was adopted for improving the layer uniformity and quality. Notably, the bifurcating introducing-confluent premixing (BI-CP) system was self-built for the controllable introduction of gas and liquid precursors, enabling the stable production of GGFF. GGFF features solar absorption and infrared emission properties, based on which the self-adaptive dual-mode thermal management film was developed. This film can automatically switch between heating and cooling modes by spontaneously perceiving the temperature, achieving excellent thermal management performances with heating and cooling power of ∼501.2 and ∼108.6 W m-2, respectively. These findings unlock a new strategy for the large-scale batch production of graphene materials and inspire advanced possibilities for further applications.

Multispecies-coadsorption-induced rapid preparation of graphene glass fiber fabric and applications in flexible pressure sensor.

Direct chemical vapor deposition (CVD) growth of graphene on dielectric/insulating materials is a promising strategy for subsequent transfer-free applications of graphene. However, graphene growth on noncatalytic substrates is faced with thorny issues, especially the limited growth rate, which severely hinders mass production and practical applications. Herein, graphene glass fiber fabric (GGFF) is developed by graphene CVD growth on glass fiber fabric. Dichloromethane is applied as a carbon precursor to accelerate graphene growth, which has a low decomposition energy barrier, and more importantly, the produced high-electronegativity Cl radical can enhance adsorption of active carbon species by Cl-CH2 coadsorption and facilitate H detachment from graphene edges. Consequently, the growth rate is increased by ~3 orders of magnitude and carbon utilization by ~960-fold, compared with conventional methane precursor. The advantageous hierarchical conductive configuration of lightweight, flexible GGFF makes it an ultrasensitive pressure sensor for human motion and physiological monitoring, such as pulse and vocal signals.

Overcoming the Incompatibility Between Electrical Conductivity and Electromagnetic Transmissivity: A Graphene Glass Fiber Fabric Design Strategy.

Conventional conductive materials such as metals are crucial functional components of conductive systems in diverse electronic instruments. However, their severe intrinsic impedance mismatch with air dielectric causes strong reflection of incident electromagnetic waves, and the resulting low electromagnetic transmissivity typically interferes with surrounding electromagnetic signal communications in modern multifunction-integrated instruments. Herein, graphene glass fiber fabric (GGFF) that merges intrinsic electrical and electromagnetic properties of graphene with dielectric attributes and highly porous macrostructure of glass fiber fabric (GFF) is innovatively developed. Using a novel decoupling chemical vapor deposition growth strategy, high-quality and layer-limited graphene is prepared on noncatalytic nonmetallic GFF in a controlled manner; this is pivotal to realizing GGFF with the desired compatibility among high conductivity, low electromagnetic reflectivity, and high electromagnetic transmissivity. At the same sheet resistance over a wide range of values (250-3000 Ω·sq-1), the GGFF exhibits significantly lower electromagnetic reflectivity (by 0.42-0.51) and higher transmissivity (by 0.27-0.62) than those of its metal-based conductive counterpart (CuGFF). The material design strategy reported herein provides a constructive solution to eliminate the incompatibility between electrical conductivity and electromagnetic transmissivity faced by conventional conductive materials, spotlighting the applicability of GGFF in electric heating scenarios in radar, antenna, and stealth systems.

Highly efficient heterogeneous electro-Fenton reaction for tetracycline degradation by Fe-Ni LDH@ZIF-67 modified carbon cloth cathode: Mechanism and toxicity assessment.

In this work, a novel and efficient Fe-Ni LDH@ZIF-67 catalyst modified carbon cloth (CC) cathode was developed for tetracycline (TC) degradation in heterogeneous electro-Fenton (Hetero-EF) process. Compared to Fe-Ni LDH/CC (75.7%), TC degradation rate of Fe-Ni LDH@ZIF-67/CC cathode increased to 95.6% within 60 min. The synergistic effect of hetero-EF and anodic oxidation process accelerated electron transfer, the maximum H2O2 production of Fe-Ni LDH@ZIF-67/CC electrode reached 264 mg/L, improving utilization efficiency of H2O2. The cathode possessing a satisfied TC degradation performance over a wide pH (3-9). Free radical capture experiment revealed the collaboration of ·O2-, ·OH, and 1O2 play a significant role in TC degradation. The 5 cycles experiment and metal ion leaching experiment showed that the proposed Fe-Ni LDH@ZIF-67/CC has good recyclability and stability. In addition, the proposed Fe-Ni LDH@ZIF-67/CC cathode achieved satisfying performance in real water (tap water: 97.3%, lake water: 97.7%), demonstrating the possibility for practical application. TC degradation pathways were proposed by theory analysis and experimental results. The toxicity of TC intermediates was reduced by Hetero-EF degradation according to Toxicity Estimation Software Tool and Escherichia coli growth inhibition experiments. This work provides a novel modified cathode to improve removal efficiency of antibiotics in wastewater.

Covalent organic framework reinforced hollow fiber bar for extraction and detection of bisphenols from beverages.

Bisphenols (BPs) can migrate from packaging materials into foods, resulting in potentially harmful residues. For example, accumulation of BPs is associated with endocrine disorders. Owing to matrix effects, development of an effective and eco-friendly sample pretreatment would be helpful for BPs detection in beverages packed in plastic containers. In this work, an extraction bar, composed of hollow fiber (HF) functionalized with covalent organic frameworks (COF@Tp-NDA) and 1-ocanol, was prepared for extraction of five BPs simultaneously. The synergistic effect of COF@Tp-NDA and 1-octanol improved the extraction efficiency of BPs from milk-based beverage, juice, and tea beverage. Under optimal conditions, limits of detection ranged from 0.10 to 2.00 ng mL-1 (R2 ≥ 0.9974) and recoveries ranged from 70.1 % to 106.8 %. This method has the potential to enrich BPs, supporting their accurate determination in complex beverages.

Preoperative serum cortisone levels are associated with cognition in preschool-aged children with tetralogy of Fallot after corrective surgery: new evidence from human populations and mice.

BACKGROUND: Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) is the most common cyanotic congenital heart disease. Children with TOF would be confronted with neurological impairment across their lifetime. Our study aimed to identify the risk factors for cerebral morphology changes and cognition in postoperative preschool-aged children with TOF. METHODS: We used mass spectrometry (MS) technology to assess the levels of serum metabolites, Wechsler preschool and primary scale of intelligence-Fourth edition (WPPSI-IV) index scores to evaluate neurodevelopmental levels and multimodal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to detect cortical morphological changes. RESULTS: Multiple linear regression showed that preoperative levels of serum cortisone were positively correlated with the gyrification index of the left inferior parietal gyrus in children with TOF and negatively related to their lower visual spaces index and nonverbal index. Meanwhile, preoperative SpO2 was negatively correlated with levels of serum cortisone after adjusting for all covariates. Furthermore, after intervening levels of cortisone in chronic hypoxic model mice, total brain volumes were reduced at both postnatal (P) 11.5 and P30 days. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that preoperative serum cortisone levels could be used as a biomarker of neurodevelopmental impairment in children with TOF. Our study findings emphasized that preoperative levels of cortisone could influence cerebral development and cognition abilities in children with TOF.

Proposal of optically tunable and reconfigurable multi-channel bandstop filter using sum-frequency generation in a PPLN waveguide.

A multi-wavelength bandstop filter is proposed and numerically demonstrated using the sum-frequency generation (SFG) process in a waveguide of periodically poled lithium niobate (PPLN). This proposed device achieves channels number reconfigurable, central filtering wavelength of each filtering channel independently tunable and extinction ratios (ERs) equalized via all-optical methods.

An Advanced Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) Neural Network Method for Predicting Rate of Penetration (ROP).

Rate of penetration (ROP) is an essential factor in drilling optimization and reducing the drilling cycle. Most of the traditional ROP prediction methods are based on building physical model and single intelligent algorithms, and the efficiency and accuracy of these prediction methods are very low. With the development of artificial intelligence, high-performance algorithms make reliable prediction possible from the data perspective. To improve ROP prediction efficiency and accuracy, this paper presents a method based on particle swarm algorithm for optimization of long short-term memory (LSTM) neural networks. In this paper, we consider the Tuha Shengbei block oilfield as an example. First, the Pearson correlation coefficient is used to measure the correlation between the characteristics and eight parameters are screened out, namely, the depth of the well, gamma, formation density, pore pressure, well diameter, drilling time, displacement, and drilling fluid density. Second, the PSO algorithm is employed to optimize the super-parameters in the construction of the LSTM model to the predict ROP. Third, we assessed model performance using the determination coefficient (R 2), root mean square error (RMSE), and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE). The evaluation results show that the optimized LSTM model achieves an R 2 of 0.978 and RMSE and MAPE are 0.287 and 12.862, respectively, hence overperforming the existing methods. The average accuracy of the optimized LSTM model is also improved by 44.2%, indicating that the prediction accuracy of the optimized model is higher. This proposed method can help to drill engineers and decision makers to better plan the drilling operation scheme and reduce the drilling cycle.

Scalable Fabrication of Dual-Function Fabric for Zero-Energy Thermal Environmental Management through Multiband, Synergistic, and Asymmetric Optical Modulations.

Solar heating and radiative cooling techniques have been proposed for passive space thermal management to reduce the global energy burden. However, the currently used single-function envelope/coating materials can only achieve static temperature regulation, presenting limited energy savings and poor adaption to dynamic environments. In this study, a sandwich-structured fabric, composed of vertical graphene, graphene glass fiber fabric, and polyacrylonitrile nanofibers is developed, with heating and cooling functions integrated through multiband, synergistic, (solar spectrum and mid-infrared ranges) and asymmetric optical modulations on two sides of the fabric. The dual-function fabric demonstrates high adaption to the dynamic environment and superior performance in a zero-energy-input temperature regulation. Furthermore, it demonstrates ≈15.5 and ≈31.1 MJ m-2 y-1 higher annual energy savings compared to those of their cooling-only and heating-only counterparts, corresponding to ≈173.7 MT reduction in the global CO2 emission. The fabric exhibits high scalability for batch manufacturing with commercially abundant raw materials and facile technologies, providing a favorable guarantee of its mass production and use.

Altered brain structure in preschool-aged children with tetralogy of Fallot.

BACKGROUND: Neurodevelopmental abnormalities are prevalent in children with tetralogy of Fallot. Our aim was to investigate the structural brain alterations of preschool-aged children with tetralogy of Fallot and its correlation with neurodevelopmental outcome. METHODS: T1-weighted structural images were obtained from 25 children with tetralogy of Fallot who had undergone cardiopulmonary bypass surgery and from 24 normal controls. Cortical morphological indices including gray matter volume, cortical thickness, sulcal depth, gyrification, and cortical surface complexity were compared between the two groups. Neurodevelopmental assessments of the children with tetralogy of Fallot were performed with the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence. RESULTS: Cortical morphological differences between groups were distributed throughout the right caudal middle frontal gyrus, right fusiform gyrus, right lateral occipital gyrus, right precuneus, and left inferior parietal lobule. Among children with tetralogy of Fallot, altered cortical structures were correlated with the visual spatial index, working memory index, and perioperative variables. CONCLUSION: Our results suggested that abnormal cortical structure in preschool-aged children with tetralogy of Fallot may be the persistent consequence of delayed cortical development in fetuses and cortical morphology can be used as an early potential biomarker to capture regional brain abnormalities that are relevant to neurodevelopmental outcomes. IMPACT: Altered cortical structures in preschool-aged children with ToF were correlated with both neurodevelopmental outcomes and clinical risk factors. Cortical morphology can be used as an effective tool to evaluate neuroanatomical changes and detect underlying neural mechanisms in ToF patients. Abnormal cortical structure may be the continuous consequence of delayed fetal brain development in children with ToF.

Outcomes comparison of testicular versus ejaculated sperm for intracytoplasmic sperm injection in infertile men with high DNA fragmentation: updated systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: The testicular sperm instead of ejaculated sperm for intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) in infertile men with high sperm DNA fragmentation (SDF) is a controversial topic. This updated systematic review and meta-analysis aims to evaluate whether couples with high level of SDF will benefit more from intracytoplasmic sperm injection with testicular sperm (Testi-ICSI) as compared to intracytoplasmic sperm injection with ejaculated sperm (Ejac-ICSI). Methods: A systematic search was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines, using PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), encompassing studies from the earliest record until May 2022. We included studies analyzing comparative pregnancy outcomes of testicular versus ejaculated sperm for ICSI in infertile men with high DNA fragmentation. The risks of bias and certainty of evidence were assessed using the Risk Of Bias In Non-randomized Studies of Interventions (ROBINS-I) and the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) framework, respectively. Results: Eleven studies were included. Meta-analysis showed that SDF levels revealed a significant difference association [odds ratio (OR) =-25.81; 95% confidence interval (CI): -34.82, -16.81; I2=94%; P<0.00001] between testicular and ejaculated sperm. Compared with Ejac-ICSI, a non-significant tendency was observed for fertilization rates (FRs) in the Testi-ICSI group (OR =0.87; 95% CI: 0.67, 1.12; I2=81%; P=0.28). However, there was significant difference pointing to better outcomes for Testi-ICSI in clinical pregnancy rates (CPRs) (OR =2.36; 95% CI: 1.71, 3.24; I2=0%; P<0.00001), live birth rates (LBRs) (OR =3.10; 95% CI: 2.13, 4.51; I2=4%; P<0.00001) and miscarriage rates (MRs) (OR =0.28; 95% CI: 0.13, 0.60; I2=0%; P=0.001). Conclusions: Results of this updated meta-analysis reveal that SDF rates are lower in testicular sperm than in ejaculated sperm and that Testi-ICSI is correlated with better clinical outcomes, including higher CPRs, higher LBRs, and lower MRs in infertile males with high SDF levels. Nevertheless, with the overall low to moderate quality of the studies, further well-designed controlled studies are required.

[Feeding rhythm entrains circadian metabolism genes, but not the circadian clock, in brown adipose tissue].

The central circadian clock and feeding rhythm coordinately reset peripheral circadian clocks. Emerging evidence suggests that feeding rhythm resets peripheral circadian clocks in a tissue-specific manner. This study aimed to determine whether and how feeding rhythm regulates circadian rhythms of the circadian clock and metabolic genes in brown adipose tissue (BAT). We applied different regimens of time-restricted feeding (TRF) in wildtype and Per1/2 deficient C57BL/6 mice, and quantified the effects of sex, treatment duration, constant light, and circadian clock on circadian rhythms of the BAT circadian clock and metabolic genes by RT-qPCR; Representative circadian clock genes are Bmal1, Nr1d1, Dbp, and Per2, and representative metabolic genes are uncoupling protein 1 (Ucp1), 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-biphosphatase 3 (Pfkfb3) that controls the flux through glycolysis, pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase isozyme 4 (Pdk4) gating the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A (Cpt1a) that controls mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation. The results showed that, daytime-restricted feeding (DRF) moderately shifted the phase of the BAT circadian clock in female mice within 7 or 36 d, and resulted in the loss of circadian rhythm in Dbp and Per2 transcripts in males. DRF induced de novo oscillation of the Ucp1 transcript, and shifted the phase of representative metabolic genes, such as Pfkfb3, Pdk4, and Cpt1a, more than 7 h. Constant light is known to disrupt the synchrony of the central circadian clock. The results showed that constant light promoted phase entrainment of the circadian clock by DRF in BAT, but abolished the oscillation of the metabolic genes (except for Pdk4). Despite combined treatment with Per1/2 deficiency and constant darkness, DRF was sufficient to drive circadian rhythms of Bmal1 and Dbp, but not those of Nr1d1, Ucp1, Pfkfb3, and Cpt1a. Overall, the circadian clock of BAT has weak adaptation to altered feeding rhythms and sex differences. The central circadian clock antagonizes DRF in the entrainment of the BAT circadian clock, whereas DRF resets circadian rhythms of metabolic genes, such as Ucp1, Pfkfb3, and Cpt1a, in a circadian clock-dependent manner.

Graphene Infrared Radiation Management Targeting Photothermal Conversion for Electric-Energy-Free Crude Oil Collection.

Graphene has been widely used as a solar absorber for its broad-band absorption. However, targeting a higher photothermal efficiency, the intrinsic infrared radiation loss of graphene requires to be further reduced. Herein, band structure engineering is performed to modulate graphene infrared radiation. Nitrogen-doped vertical graphene is grown on quartz foam (NVGQF) by the plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition method. Under the premise of keeping high solar absorption (250-2500 nm), graphitic nitrogen doping effectively modulates the infrared emissivity (2.5-25 µm) of NVGQF from 0.96 to 0.68, reducing the radiation loss by ∼31%. Based on the excellent photothermal properties of NVGQF, a temperature-gradient-driven crude oil collecting raft is designed, where the crude oil flows along the collecting path driven by the viscosity gradient without any external electric energy input. Compared with a nondoped vertical graphene quartz foam raft, the NVGQF raft with a superior photothermal efficiency shows a significantly enhanced crude oil collecting efficiency by three times. The advances in this work suggest broad radiation-managed application platforms for graphene materials, such as seawater desalination and personal or building thermal management.

Aberrant White Matter Organization Correlated With Neurodevelopment Outcomes in Tetralogy of Fallot: An Atlas-Based Diffusion Tensor Imaging Study.

BACKGROUND: White matter injury (WMI) and impaired neurodevelopment are common in children with congenital heart disease. However, the effect of WMI on neurodevelopmental outcomes is still rarely reported. In this study, we aimed to investigate microstructural changes in white matter (WM) and its relationship with neurodevelopmental outcomes and further explore the underlying neurophysiological mechanisms of neurocognitive impairments in the tetralogy of Fallot (ToF). METHOD: Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data were acquired in preschool-aged children with ToF (n = 29) and normal controls (NC, n = 19), and neurodevelopmental assessments were performed with the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence in ToF. The differences in DTI metrics including fractional anisotropy, mean diffusivity, axial diffusivity, and radial diffusivity were evaluated between ToF and NC. Correlations between WM microstructural changes and neurodevelopmental outcomes were further analyzed. RESULTS: Significant WM differences were found in the uncinate fasciculus, cingulum hippocampus, superior longitudinal fasciculus, and corticospinal tract between children with ToF and NC. Impaired WM integrity was correlated with the verbal comprehension index and working memory index in ToF. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated WM microstructure injury, and this injury is related to worse language and working memory performance in preschool-aged children with ToF. These findings suggested that DTI metrics may be a potential biomarker of neurocognitive impairments in ToF and can be used to predict future neurodevelopmental outcomes, which also provide new insights into the underlying neurophysiological mechanisms of neurocognitive impairments in ToF.

Novel sandwich-type electrochemiluminescence aptasensor based on luminol functionalized aptamer as signal probe for kanamycin detection.

A novel sandwich electrochemiluminescence (ECL) aptasensor was developed for highly sensitive detection of kanamycin using luminol-functionalized aptamer as a signal probe. The aptasensor used polyethyleneimine (PAMAM), molybdenum disulfide, and multi-walled carbon nanotubes as the substrate, which provided enough binding sites for aptamer1 (the aptamer which modified NH2) coupling. We found that kanamycin could be detected using the aptamer1 containing the same base sequence as aptamer2 (the aptamer which modified SH) on the electrode self-assembly. In addition, PAMAM nanocomposites can be used to effectively improve the ECL intensity by loading a high volume of luminol molecules and silver nanoparticles. In the presence of kanamycin, the sandwiched aptasensor was formed between aptamer1 and the probe of aptamer2 connecting silver nanoparticles, luminol, and PAMAM, resulting in a proportional increase of ECL intensity. Since the significantly enhanced loading of luminol by PAMAM accelerated the electron transfer, the sensitive aptasensor exhibited a wide linear range of detection from 1 × 10-3 to 1 × 103 ng/mL and a low detection limit of 0.21 pg/mL (S/N) for kanamycin. The fabricated aptasensor was successfully applied in quantitative analysis of kanamycin in milk samples.

Complementary Chemical Vapor Deposition Fabrication for Large-Area Uniform Graphene Glass Fiber Fabric.

The lightweight, flexible, high-performance electrothermal material is in high demand in object thermal management. Graphene glass fiber fabric (GGFF) is characterized by excellent electrical conductivity, light weight, and high flexibility, showing superiorities as an electrothermal material. However, the traditional single-carbon-precursor chemical vapor deposition (CVD) graphene growth strategy commonly suffers from the severe thickness nonuniformity of the large-sized graphene film along the gas-flowing direction. Herein, a complementary CVD graphene growth strategy based on the simultaneous introduction of high- and low-decomposition-energy-barrier mixed carbon precursors is developed. In this way, the large-area uniform GGFF with a dramatically decreased nonuniformity coefficient is fabricated (0.260 in 40 cm × 4 cm). GGFF-based heater presents a widely tunable temperature range (20-170 °C) at low working voltage (<10 V) and uniform large-area heating temperature (171.4 ± 3.6 °C in 20 cm × 15 cm), which realizes remarkable anti/deicing performances under the low energy consumption (fast ice melting rate of 79 s mm-1 under a low energy consumption of 0.066 kWh mm-1 m-2 ). The large-area uniform GGFF possesses substantial advantages for applications in thermal management, and the complementary CVD fabrication strategy shows reliable scalability and universality, which can be extended to the synthesis of various materials.

Flexible Full-Surface Conformal Encapsulation for Each Fiber in Graphene Glass Fiber Fabric against Thermal Oxidation.

Encapsulation for carbon-based electronic devices against oxidation can enhance their long-term working stability. Graphene glass fiber fabric (GGFF), as an advanced flexible electrothermal material, also struggles with graphene oxidation. The flexible, full-surface, conformal encapsulation for each fiber in the large-area fabric puts forward high requirements for encapsulating materials and techniques. Herein, the nanometer-thick h-BN layer was in situ grown on cambered surfaces of each fiber in GGFF with the chemical vapor deposition method. Stable heating duration (500 °C) of h-BN-encapsulated GGFF (h-BN/GGFF) was increased by 1 order of magnitude without compromising the electrothermal performances and flexibility. Theoretical simulations revealed that the enhanced oxidation resistance of h-BN/GGFF was attributed to the decreased interaction and adsorption life of oxygen. The proposed flexible, full-surface, conformal encapsulation technique targeting the fiber-shaped graphene electrothermal device is scalable and can be extended to the other carbon materials, even devices with intricate shapes, which will promote the development of flexible electronics.