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Biodegradable and sustainable food preservation materials have gained immense global importance to mitigate plastic pollution and environmental impact. Biopolymers like cellulose offer significant advantages for food preservation, including biodegradability and the ability to extend shelf life. Therefore, the present study aims to prepare gallic acid (GA) and zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) incorporated methylcellulose (MC) composite films by employing a solvent casting technique. The homogeneous SEM micrographs and FTIR spectra evidenced high compatibility among MC and GA/ZnO NPs. The UV barrier capacity, mechanical properties and surface hydrophobicity are remarkably enhanced by GA/ZnO NPs. However, the water vapour permeability and oxygen permeability of MGZ films were reduced by 49.19 % and 57.75 % respectively. Moreover, the MGZ films demonstrated exceptional antioxidant efficacy (â¼94.48 %) and inhibition against food-borne pathogens such as B. subtilis, S. aureus (Gram-positive), E. coli, P. aeruginosa (Gram-negative), and C. albicans fungi. Furthermore, the GA/ZnO NPs extended the shelf life of MGZ coated tomato samples up to 27 days and exhibited controlled microbial growth after the preservation study. These results support the application of MGZ films as suitable and effective coating materials for food packaging applications.
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Methylcellulose, a prominent polysaccharide prevalent in the food sector, was considered to fabricate the active films with glutaraldehyde as a crosslinker and Noni (Morinda citrifolia) Leaf Extract (NLE) as an active agent. FTIR analysis confirms the intermolecular -OH bonding, and SEM micrograms demonstrate methylcellulose active films' homogeneous, dense morphologic appearance. Due to the crosslinking effect of glutaraldehyde and noni leaf extract, tensile strength (41.83 ± 0.134 MPa) and crystallinity (62.91 %) of methylcellulose films were improved. Methylcellulose active films suppress water and moisture uptake at various relative humidities. The inhibition capability against foodborne pathogens and the excellent antioxidant activity [DPPH (93.191 ± 1.384 %) and ABTS (90.523 ± 1.412 %)] of NLE incorporation suggested that food packed in methylcellulose active films were effective against pathogenic and oxidative attacks. During preservation, to ensure the apple slices' nutritional values, they are covered with physiochemically enhanced methylcellulose active films for up to 120 h. The minimum reduction in vitamin C, reducing sugar content, percentage weight loss, pH, and total phenolic content of apple slices preserved in MGN active films at room temperature suggests it is an affordable and efficient replacement to traditional single-use plastic packaging in the cut fruit industry.
Asunto(s)
Antioxidantes , Embalaje de Alimentos , Malus , Metilcelulosa , Morinda , Extractos Vegetales , Hojas de la Planta , Morinda/química , Extractos Vegetales/química , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Hojas de la Planta/química , Embalaje de Alimentos/métodos , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Antioxidantes/química , Metilcelulosa/química , Malus/químicaRESUMEN
The development of green materials for active packaging applications is a research hotspot due to setbacks of petrochemical derived plastics. Thus, the present study aims to develop ternary blend films by doping different wt% of Tragacanth gum (TG) to Poly(vinyl alcohol)/Chitosan (PC) blend using solvent evaporation technique. Further, their various physicochemical properties were evaluated systematically. Differential scanning calorimetry studies revealed excellent compatibility and thermal stability of PC blend was significantly reinforced with 15 wt% of TG. UV-visible spectroscopy study demonstrated the excellent shielding efficacy of UV radiation by ternary blend films. Moreover, overall migration results confirmed the limited release of film constituents into food simulants and swelling ratio analysis indicated the good swelling resistance at higher wt% of TG. The ternary films exhibited tremendous chemical resistance against extreme acidic and basic environments and these green biofilms could be considered for active packaging applications.
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In the present study, cationic starch (CS)/chitosan (CH) incorporated with tannic acid (TA)(CSCT) eco-friendly films were prepared by employing an inexpensive solvent casting technique. Influence of TA on the physicochemical and antimicrobial properties of CS/CH polymer matrix were studied. The FTIR findings and homogeneous, dense SEM micrographs confirms the effective interaction of TA with CS/CH polymer matrix. CSCT-3 active film displayed tensile strength of 26.99±1.91 MPa, which is more substantial than commercially available polyethylene (PE) (12-16 MPa) films. The active films exhibited excellent barrier properties against moisture and water, supported by increased water contact angle values (86.97±0.29°). Overall migration rate of active films was found to be below the permitted limit of 10mg/dm2. The active films showed around 56% of degradation in soil within 15 days. Besides, the active films showed concurring impact against food borne pathogens like E. coli, S. aureus and C. albicans. The CSCT-3 active film presented 90.83% of antioxidant capacity, demonstrating the effective prevention of food oxidation related deterioration. Ladyfinger packaging was inspected to examine the ability of active films as packaging material resulted in effectively resisting deterioration and extending shelf life in comparison with traditional PE packaging.
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Quitosano , Quitosano/química , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Antioxidantes/química , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Antibacterianos/química , Embalaje de Alimentos/métodos , Almidón/farmacología , Escherichia coli , Staphylococcus aureus , Taninos/farmacología , Agua/farmacologíaRESUMEN
Vanillic acid incorporated chitosan/poly(vinyl alcohol) active films were prepared by employing a cost-effective solvent casting technique. FTIR investigation validated the intermolecular interaction and formation of Schiff's base (C=N) between functional groups of vanillic acid, chitosan, and poly(vinyl alcohol). The addition of vanillic acid resulted in homogenous and dense morphology, as confirmed by SEM micrographs. The tensile strength of active films increased from 32 to 59 MPa as the amount of vanillic acid increased and the obtained values are more significant than reported polyethylene (2231 MPa) and polypropylene (31-38 MPa) films, widely utilized in food packaging. Active film's UV, water, and oxygen barrier properties exhibited excellent results with the incorporation of vanillic acid. Around 40 % of degradation commences within 15 days. Synergistic impact against S. aureus, E. coli, and C. albicans pathogens caused the expansion of the inhibition zone, evidenced by the excellent antimicrobial activity. The highest antioxidant capacity, 73.65 % of CPV-4 active film, proved that active films could prevent the spoilage of food from oxidation. Green chillies packaging was carried out to examine the potential of prepared active films as packaging material results in successfully sustaining carotenoid accumulation and prolonging the shelf life compared to conventional polyethylene (PE) packaging.
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Antiinfecciosos , Quitosano , Alcohol Polivinílico/farmacología , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Quitosano/farmacología , Ácido Vanílico/farmacología , Staphylococcus aureus , Escherichia coli , Antiinfecciosos/farmacología , Embalaje de Alimentos/métodos , Polietilenos/farmacologíaRESUMEN
Natural extract-based bio-composite material for wound healing is gaining much attention due to risk of infection and high cost of commercial wound dressing film causes serious problem on the human well-being. Herein, the study outlines the preparation of Poly (vinyl alcohol)/Chitosan/Basella alba stem extract (BAE) based bio-composite film through solvent casting technique and well characterized for wound healing application. Incorporation of BAE into Poly (vinyl alcohol)/Chitosan matrix has shown existence of secondary interactions confirmed by FT-IR analysis. Good morphology, thermal stability and significant improvement in flexibility (â¼63.38 %) of the films were confirmed by SEM, TGA and Mechanical test results, respectively. Hydrophilic property (â¼9.04 %), water vapor transmission rate (â¼70.07 %), swelling ability (â¼14.7 %) and degradation rate (â¼14.04 %) were enhanced with increase in BAE content. In-vitro studies have shown good antibacterial activity against foremost infectious bacterial strains S. aureus and E. coli. Additionally, BAE integrated Poly (vinyl alcohol)/Chitosan film has amplified anti-inflammatory (â¼79.38 %) property, hemocompatibility and excellent biocompatibility (94.9 %) was displayed by cytotoxicity results. Moreover, in-vitro scratch assay and cell adhesion test results illustrated prominent wound healing (96.5 %) and adhesion. Overall results of the present work proclaim that developed bio-composite film could be utilized as a biomaterial in wound care applications.
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Quitosano , Humanos , Alcohol Polivinílico , Escherichia coli , Staphylococcus aureus , Espectroscopía Infrarroja por Transformada de Fourier , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Cicatrización de Heridas , Extractos Vegetales/farmacologíaRESUMEN
The present study contributes the synthesis of active films with the incorporation of moringa extract (ME) into chitosan (CS)/guar gum (GG)/poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) matrix (CGPM) by simple solvent casting technique. The effect of ME on the mechanical, thermal, structural and morphological properties of CGPM active films were investigated. ME has shown a marked influence on the optical, thermal properties and swelling behaviour of CGPM active films. The improvement in the tensile strength of CGPM-1 active film (53.7 MPa) was observed compared to control CS/GG/PVA (CGP) film. DSC study revealed that glass transition temperature (Tg) and melting temperature (Tm) decreased with the addition of ME in the CGP matrix, which confirmed the miscibility among the components of active films. There was an improvement in the thermal stability of the CGPM active films. The FTIR study confirmed the molecular interaction between ME and CS/GG/PVA matrix. The XRD analysis showed a decrease in crystallinity with an increase in the ratio of CS for CGPM active films. The CGPM active films were an excellent barrier to UV- light and have exhibited a decrease in moisture adsorption and water solubility compared to CGP control film. The inclusion of ME in the CGP matrix leads to the formation of a dense compact surface, which in turn enhanced hydrophobicity of active films. The CGPM active films showed minimum WVP, OP values and overall migration values were within the limits of 10 mg/dm2. It was also observed that CGPM active films effectively inhibited the growth of E. coli and S. aureus bacteria. These findings suggest CGPM active films are biodegradable, biocompatible, non-toxic and hence can find application as food packaging materials.
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Alcohol PolivinílicoRESUMEN
Herein, we developed clove essential oil (CEO) loaded Chitosan-ZnO hybrid nanoparticles (CS-ZnO@CEO (CZC NPs)) integrated chitosan/pullulan (CS/PL) nanocomposite films. SEM images revealed a homogenous distribution of CZC NPs with minimum aggregation in nanocomposite films. The incorporation of CZC NPs led to enhanced tensile strength (~39.82%), film hydrophobicity (~35.36%), UV light blocking ability, water vapor barrier (~84.64%), and oxygen barrier (~57.66%) compared to the bare CS/PL film and overall migration limit of CPCZC films were found below the permitted limit of 1000 µg/dm2. Besides, incorporation of CZC NPs into the CS/PL films enhanced antioxidant activity and showed strong antibacterial activity against P. aeruginosa, S. aureus, and E. coli. Also, the CPCZC films displayed potential to extend the shelf-life of chicken meat by up to 5 days when stored at 8 ± 2 °C. These results suggest that the prepared CPCZC films acquire the ideal prerequisites for potential active packaging materials.
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Antibacterianos/farmacología , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Escherichia coli/efectos de los fármacos , Embalaje de Alimentos , Staphylococcus aureus/efectos de los fármacos , Antibacterianos/química , Antioxidantes/química , Compuestos de Bifenilo/antagonistas & inhibidores , Quitosano/química , Aceite de Clavo/química , Glucanos/química , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Nanopartículas/química , Tamaño de la Partícula , Picratos/antagonistas & inhibidores , Óxido de Zinc/químicaRESUMEN
In the current study, the bioactive films of chitosan/white turmeric (CH/WT) were prepared by employing solvent casting technique and analyzed their physicochemical and biological properties for active packaging applications. The successful inclusion of white turmeric into the chitosan matrix is confirmed by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy. Due to the presence of hydrogen bonding interaction, the active films exhibited good tensile properties, smooth surface morphology, miscibility, water resistance and UV barrier properties. The incorporation of white turmeric reduced the water vapour transmission rate and oxygen permeability (p < 0.05) in contrast with pristine film. The prepared blend films revealed soil degradation rate more than 60% within 15 days. Furthermore, the blend films exhibited lesser water solubility, moisture content and swelling index after addition of white turmeric to chitosan (p < 0.05). The prepared films revealed extensive antimicrobial activity against gram positive and gram negative bacteria. The antioxidant activity and total phenolic content were improved upon the incorporation of white turmeric. Moreover, the oil absorption rate of the blend films was decreased by 46% in comparison with pristine film. Overall, white turmeric incorporated chitosan films were employed as a green packaging material to extend the shelf life of the foodstuff.
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Quitosano/química , Curcuma/química , Extractos Vegetales/química , Polvos/química , Rizoma/química , Antioxidantes/química , Embalaje de Alimentos/métodos , Bacterias Gramnegativas/efectos de los fármacos , Enlace de Hidrógeno , Oxígeno/química , Permeabilidad , Solubilidad , Espectroscopía Infrarroja por Transformada de Fourier/métodos , VaporRESUMEN
The current work aims to prepare biologically active and pH responsive smart films based on Chitosan (CS)/Methylcellulose (MC) matrix integrated with Phyllanthus reticulatus (PR) ripen fruit anthocyanin. The prepared smart films (CMPR) were fabricated through a cost-effective solvent casting technique. The existences of secondary interactions were confirmed by the FT-IR analysis. The smooth SEM images revealed the miscibility and compatibility of the CS/MC matrix with PR anthocyanin. The incorporation of PR anthocyanin significantly blocked the UV light transmission of the CS/MC films while slight decrease in the transparency was observed. The water solubility, moisture retention capacity, and water vapor transmission rate were significantly enhanced with an increase in the PR anthocyanin content. Additionally, the prepared CMPR smart films showed pink color in acidic pH while yellowish in basic pH solution and further exhibited strong antioxidant activity as well as antibacterial activity against the common foodborne pathogens such as S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, and E. coli. The CMPR smart film also displayed potential result for monitoring the fish fillet freshness at room temperature. The results proclaim that the prepared CMPR smart films could be utilized for quality assurance as well as shelf life extension of the marine food products.
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Antocianinas/farmacología , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Quitosano/farmacología , Peces , Embalaje de Alimentos , Calidad de los Alimentos , Metilcelulosa/farmacología , Phyllanthus , Alimentos Marinos , Polímeros de Estímulo Receptivo/farmacología , Animales , Antocianinas/química , Antocianinas/aislamiento & purificación , Antibacterianos/química , Antibacterianos/aislamiento & purificación , Antioxidantes/química , Antioxidantes/aislamiento & purificación , Bacterias/efectos de los fármacos , Bacterias/crecimiento & desarrollo , Compuestos de Bifenilo/química , Quitosano/química , Color , Peces/metabolismo , Peces/microbiología , Microbiología de Alimentos , Concentración de Iones de Hidrógeno , Metilcelulosa/química , Phyllanthus/química , Picratos/química , Alimentos Marinos/microbiología , Polímeros de Estímulo Receptivo/químicaRESUMEN
The present work aims to prepare Chitosan (CS)/Guar gum (GG)/Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) cross-linked with Hydroxy citric acid (HCA) (CGPH active film) by solvent casting technique. The influence of HCA on different CS/PVA ratio (1:3, 1:1, 3:1) in presence of the fixed amount of GG (0.2%) was investigated. The analysis of the results showed that the addition of HCA to the different ratio of CS/PVA increased the degradation temperature and improved the mechanical properties of CGPH active films. FTIR spectra and XRD analysis revealed strong interactions among the components of CGPH active films. The analysis of SEM images and water contact angle suggested a compact, dense film surface with hydrophobic nature. Further, all the active films have shown a decrease in water vapour permeability (WVP) and acted as a barrier to UV-light. CGPH active films effectively inhibited the growth of S. aureus and E. coli bacteria. With all these features the CGPH active films can find application in food packaging.
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Quitosano/química , Ácido Cítrico/química , Galactanos/química , Hidroxiácidos/química , Mananos/química , Gomas de Plantas/química , Alcohol Polivinílico/química , Antibacterianos/química , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Escherichia coli/efectos de los fármacos , Embalaje de Alimentos/métodos , Interacciones Hidrofóbicas e Hidrofílicas/efectos de los fármacos , Permeabilidad/efectos de los fármacos , Solventes/química , Staphylococcus aureus/efectos de los fármacos , Vapor , TemperaturaRESUMEN
The natural polymer Tragacanth Gum is less explored as a supporting matrix, there are very less studies conducted using this polymer in literature. So the present study aims to explore the consequences of different weight percent (wt.%) of gallic acid (GA) on physicochemical properties of Poly (vinyl alcohol)/Tragacanth Gum blend films. The incorporation of GA resulted in more strengthened but less flexible films as confirmed by tensile tests. DSC studies confirmed the miscibility of composite films in the given composition range and TGA studies revealed increased thermal stability. The morphological studies revealed a homogeneous distribution of GA at lower wt.% in the blend system. X-Ray Diffraction study depicted; the added GA lost crystalline structure after incorporating it into the blend. The Water Vapor Transmission Rate (WVTR) was improved after the incorporation of GA into the blend system. Overall migration studies revealed the limited release of GA from the matrix into food simulants. Soil degradation rate increased as the wt.% of GA increased. The composite films presented strong antioxidant activity; therefore, prepared composite films could be used as an alternative to current packaging materials.
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Ethyl vanillin (EV) incorporated chitosan (CS)/poly(vinyl alcohol)(PVA) blend films of various ratios (1:3, 1:1 and 3:1) were prepared by solvent casting technique. The effect of EV on the mechanical, structural, barrier, optical, food compatibility and antibacterial properties of the CS/PVA films were investigated. Mechanical properties showed that addition of EV increased tensile strength of CPEV-1, CPEV-2 and CPEV-3 films by 39 %, 45 % and 86 %, respectively compared to CS/PVA matrix. The FTIR results confirmed the formation of a Schiff base (CN) and intermolecular hydrogen bonds between CS, PVA, and EV. Incorporation of EV into CS/PVA matrix (i.e. CPEV) showed the marked influence on the water vapor transmission rates (WVTRs) and oxygen transmission rates (OTRs) and exhibited excellent UV barrier capability. Surface morphology of CPEV blend films becomes smooth, homogeneous and dense as visualized through scanning electron microscopy. Contact angle measurements demonstrated the increased hydrophobicity of CPEV blend films with increasing CS content. Strong antibacterial activity was exhibited by CPEV-3 blend films against both E. coli (Escherichia coli) and S. aureus (Staphylococcus aureus) bacteria. The overall migration values of CPEV blend films were 103 times lower than acceptable limits of 10â¯mg/dm2. Therefore, CPEV blends have good potential to be considered as sources of active films for food packaging applications.
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Present work aimed to develop active packaging films based on chitosan (CS), poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and boswellic acid (BA), and to evaluate the effect of BA on multifunctional properties of CS/PVA (CPBA) active films. Different compositions of active packaging films were prepared by the solvent casting method. The results indicated that incorporation of BA enhanced the ultraviolet blocking, morphology, mechanical properties, water solubility and hydrophilicity of the CPBA active films. Significant improvement in the barriers properties of BA incorporated CPBA active films were observed. The microbiological screening has demonstrated the antimicrobial activity of the films against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans. Furthermore, the prepared active films do not deteriorate the thermal properties after incorporation of BA. The overall migration values of the CPBA active films in contact with food simulants were within the permitted limits. The obtained results indicate that the CPBA active film may be a promising material for food packaging applications.