Continuous Erector Spinae Plane Block for Pain Management in a Pediatric Kidney Transplant Recipient: A Case Report and Review of the Current Literature.

Pain management in patients undergoing kidney transplantation requires careful consideration due to their altered physiology, and potential risks associated with certain analgesic options. In recent years, personalized and multimodal approaches have proven to be pivotal in perioperative pain management, as well as in children. Implementing regional analgesia methods offers a valuable solution in many pediatric surgical settings and the erector spinae plane block (ESPB) could represent a possible analgesic strategy in pediatric patients undergoing renal transplantation. Here, we report the case of a 13-year-old child who underwent living-donor kidney transplantation (LDKx) and received continuous erector spinae plane block (ESPB) for perioperative pain management. This multimodal approach with continuous ESPB resulted in optimal pain control without the need for opioids, allowing for early mobilization and for an optimal postoperative course.

Combining living and deceased donation for pediatric first isolated liver transplantation: A win-win even in countries with high deceased donor donation rates.

BACKGROUND: Split and living donor liver transplantations are both key surgical strategies for development of pediatric liver transplant programs. Often, however, teams tend to prioritize only one preferentially. METHODS: In the context of a very active national split liver graft allocation program (Italy), retrospective study of 226 consecutive pediatric first isolated liver transplants performed by a single team using organs from both deceased and living donors. Clinical characterisitics and outcome were compared. RESULTS: In the context of a steadily slowly decreasing split graft offer, living donation activity steadily increased. Deceased and living donation accounted for 52.6% and 47.4% of transplantations, respectively. Both strategies were equally used for transplanting patients up to 30 kg of weight, while deceased donors were predominantly used for older recipients. Technical variants represented 86% of all transplants, with 183 conisting of left lateral segment grafts (76 split liver grafts and 107 left grafts from living donors). Outcome of both surgical strategies was similar, with excellent outcomes at early, mid-, and long-term. CONCLUSIONS: Splitting livers of deceased donors and using living donation were complementary and non-competitive strategies for developping pediatric liver transplant activity. Implementing both activities in parallell allowed to maintain stable the number of annual transplant in Italy and allowed to reach superior outcomes. This analysis provides evidence that living donation plays a role in Italy despite an existing very active "mandatory-split" national policy.

Revisiting the forgotten "full-right full-left" liver division: Simplified technique and new strategical considerations for clinical implementation in Italy.

BACKGROUND: Full-right/full-left liver splitting was introduced early in the 90s as part of the great wave of technical innovations that characterized that decade. One approach was to divide the liver on the right of the Cantlie's line and leave the middle hepatic vein with the left graft, with both grafts allocated to adults. Both grafts had some functional disadvantages and exposed the adult recipients to some early hepatic dysfunction, and the results were not great. An alternative approach consisted of an ex situ division of the liver, exactly along Cantlie's line, thus sharing the middle hepatic vein between the two grafts. None of these two techniques were really adopted, and there has been nearly no transplantation of this type in the last decade worldwide. METHOD AND RESULTS: The authors propose a variation of the latter technique that was used recently with success: The division of the liver is made simpler; the two grafts are prepared ex situ and need a simple vascular reconstruction (one venous patch on each graft); and the grafts can be implanted using very standard techniques. CONCLUSION: Because candidates for liver transplantation weighing 25-60 kg (old children, teenagers, and some small adults) are often at some disadvantage in getting size-matched livers (this range of weight is less represented in the donor population), implementing the latter technique would help provide adequate grafts for them. In Italy, where many livers offered for splitting are not used, there would be ample room for implementing this option within the actual donor pool and allocation system.

Tailoring allocation policies and improving access to paediatric liver transplantation over a 16-year period.

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Mortality on the paediatric liver transplantation (pLT) waiting list (WL) is still an issue. We analysed the Italian pLT WL to evaluate the intention-to-treat (ITT) success rate and to identify factors influencing success. METHODS: All children (<18 years) listed for pLT in Italy between 2002-2018 were included (Era 1 [2002-2007]: centre-based allocation; Era 2 [2008-2014]: national allocation; Era 3 [2015-2018]: national allocation+mandatory-split policy). RESULTS: A total of 1,424 patients (median age: 2.0 [IQR 1.0-9.0] years; median weight: 12.0 kg [IQR 7-27]) were listed for pLT. Median WL time was 2 days (IQR 1-5) for Status 1 and 44 days (IQR 15-120) for non-Status 1 patients; 1,302 children (91.4%) were transplanted (67.3% with split grafts), while 50 children (3.5%) dropped off the WL (2.5% death, 1.0% clinical deterioration). Predictive factors for receiving LT included Status 1 (hazard ratio [HR] 1.66, p = 0.001), Status 1B (HR 1.96, p = 0.016), Status 2A (HR 2.15, p = 0.024) and each 1-point increase in PELD/MELD score. Children with recipient's weight >25 kg, blood group O or awaiting pLT combined with other organs had less chance of being transplanted. ITT patient survival rates were 90.5% at 1 year and 87.5% at 5 years, remaining stable across eras. Risk factors for ITT survival were re-transplantation (HR 5.83, p <0.001), Status 1 (HR 2.28, p = 0.006), Status 1B (HR 2.90, p = 0.014), Status 2A (HR 9.12, p <0.001), recipient weight <6 kg (HR 4.53, p <0.001) and low-volume activity (HR 4.38, p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: In Italy, continuous adaption of paediatric organ allocation policies via the introduction of national allocation, paediatric prioritisation rules and a mandatory-split policy have helped maximise the use of donors for paediatric candidates and to minimise WL mortality without compromising outcomes. IMPACT AND IMPLICATIONS: Globally, paediatric liver transplant candidates still suffer from high mortality. Over recent decades, the continuous adaption of organ allocation policies in Italy has led to excellent outcomes for children awaiting liver transplantation. The mortality rate of paediatric liver transplant candidates has been minimised to almost zero, mainly using grafts from deceased donors. Paediatric prioritisation rules, national organ exchange organisation and a mandatory-split liver policy have resulted in a unique allocation model for paediatric liver transplant candidates and represent a landmark for the paediatric transplant community.

Improving outcomes of in situ split liver transplantation in Italy over the last 25 years.

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Split liver transplant(ation) (SLT) is still considered a challenging procedure that is by no means widely accepted. We aimed to present data on 25-year trends in SLT in Italy, and to investigate if, and to what extent, outcomes have improved nationwide during this time. METHODS: The study included all consecutive SLTs performed from May 1993 to December 2019, divided into three consecutive periods: 1993-2005, 2006-2014, and 2015-2019, which match changes in national allocation policies. Primary outcomes were patient and graft survival, and the relative impact of each study period. RESULTS: SLT accounted for 8.9% of all liver transplants performed in Italy. A total of 1,715 in situ split liver grafts were included in the analysis: 868 left lateral segments (LLSs) and 847 extended right grafts (ERGs). A significant improvement in patient and graft survival (p <0.001) was observed with ERGs over the three periods. Predictors of graft survival were cold ischaemia time (CIT) <6 h (p = 0.009), UNOS status 2b (p <0.001), UNOS status 3 (p = 0.009), and transplant centre volumes: 25-50 cases vs. <25 cases (p = 0.003). Patient survival was significantly higher with LLS grafts in period 2 vs. period 1 (p = 0.008). No significant improvement in graft survival was seen over the three periods, where predictors of graft survival were CIT <6 h (p = 0.007), CIT <6 h vs. ≥10 h (p = 0.019), UNOS status 2b (p = 0.038), and UNOS status 3 (p = 0.009). Retransplantation was a risk factor in split liver graft recipients, with significantly worse graft and patient survival for both types of graft (p <0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Our analysis showed Italian SLT outcomes to have improved over the last 25 years. These results could help to dispel reservations regarding the use of this procedure. IMPACT AND IMPLICATIONS: Split liver transplant(ation) (SLT) is still considered a challenging procedure and is by no means widely accepted. This study included all consecutive in situ SLTs performed in Italy from May 1993 to December 2019. With more than 1,700 cases, it is one of the largest series, examining long-term national trends in in situ SLT since its introduction. The data presented indicate that the outcomes of SLT improved during this 25-year period. Improvements are probably due to better recipient selection, refinements in surgical technique, conservative graft-to-recipient matching, and the continuous, yet carefully managed, expansion of donor selection criteria under a strict mandatory split liver allocation policy. These results could help to dispel reservations regarding the use of this procedure.

How important is the role of iterative liver direct surgery in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma for a transplant center located in an area with a low rate of deceased donation?

Introduction: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) accounts for nearly 90% of primary liver cancers, with estimates of over 1 million people affected by 2025. We aimed to explore the impacting role of an iterative surgical treatment approach in a cohort of HCC patients within the Milan criteria, associated with clinical risk factors for tumor recurrence (RHCC) after liver transplant (LT) and loco-regional therapies (LRT), as well as liver resection (LR) and/or microwave thermal ablation (MWTA). Methods: We retrospectively analyzed our experience performed during an 8-year period between January 2013 and December 2021 in patients treated for HCC, focusing on describing the impact on preoperative end-stage liver disease severity, oncologic staging, tumor characteristics, and surgical treatments. The Cox model was used to evaluate variables that could predict relapse risks. Relapse risk curves were calculated according to the Kaplan-Meier method, and the log-rank test was used to compare them. Results: There were 557 HCC patients treated with a first-line approach of LR and/or LRTs (n = 335) or LT (n = 222). The median age at initial transplantation was 59 versus 68 for those whose first surgical approach was LR and/or LRT. In univariate analysis with the Cox model, nodule size was the single predictor of recurrence of HCC in the posttreatment setting (HR: 1.61, 95% CI: 1.05-2.47, p = 0.030). For the LRT group, we have enlightened the following clinical characteristics as significantly associated with RHCC: hepatitis B virus infection (which has a protective role with HR: 0.34, 95% CI: 0.13-0.94, p = 0.038), number of HCC nodules (HR: 1.54, 95% CI: 1.22-1.94, p < 0.001), size of the largest nodule (HR: 1.06, 95% CI: 1.01-1.12, p = 0.023), serum bilirubin (HR: 1.57, 95% CI: 1.03-2.40, p = 0.038), and international normalized ratio (HR: 16.40, 95% CI: 2.30-118.0, p = 0.006). Among the overall 111 patients with RHCC in the LRT group, 33 were iteratively treated with further curative treatment (12 were treated with LR, two with MWTA, three with a combined LR-MWTA treatment, and 16 underwent LT). Only one of 18 recurrent patients previously treated with LT underwent LR. For these RHCC patients, multivariable analysis showed the protective roles of LT for primary RHCC after IDLS (HR: 0.06, 95% CI: 0.01-0.36, p = 0.002), of the time relapsed between the first and second IDLS treatments (HR: 0.97, 95% CI: 0.94-0.99, p = 0.044), and the impact of previous minimally invasive treatment (HR: 0.28, 95% CI: 0.08-1.00, p = 0.051). Conclusion: The coexistence of RHCC with underlying cirrhosis increases the complexity of assessing the net health benefit of ILDS before LT. Minimally invasive surgical therapies and time to HCC relapse should be considered an outcome in randomized clinical trials because they have a relevant impact on tumor-free survival.

Donor Simvastatin Treatment Is Safe and Might Improve Outcomes After Liver Transplantation: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

BACKGROUND: The current curative approaches for ischemia/reperfusion injury on liver transplantation are still under debate for their safety and efficacy in patients with end-stage liver disease. We present the SIMVA statin donor treatment before Liver Transplants study. METHODS: SIMVA statin donor treatment before Liver Transplants is a monocentric, double-blind, randomized, prospective tial aiming to compare the safety and efficacy of preoperative brain-dead donors' treatment with the intragastric administration of 80 mg of simvastatin on liver transplant recipient outcomes in a real-life setting. Primary aim was incidence of patient and graft survival at 90 and 180 d posttransplant; secondary end-points were severe complications. RESULTS: The trial enrolled 58 adult patients (18-65 y old). The minimum follow-up was 6 mo. No patient or graft was lost at 90 or 180 d in the experimental group (n = 28), whereas patient/graft survival were 93.1% ( P = 0.016) and 89.66% ( P = 0.080) at 90 d and 86.21% ( P = 0.041) and 86.2% ( P = 0.041) at 180 d in the control group (n = 29). The percentage of patients with severe complications (Clavien-Dindo ≥IIIb) was higher in the control group, 55.2% versus 25.0% in the experimental group ( P = 0.0307). The only significant difference in liver tests was a significantly higher gamma-glutamyl transferase and alkaline phosphatase at 15 d ( P = 0.017), ( P = 0.015) in the simvastatin group. CONCLUSIONS: Donor simvastatin treatment is safe, and may significantly improve early graft and patient survival after liver transplantation, although further research is mandatory.

Recurrent graft failure secondary to portal vein steal syndrome: a case report with an unusual indication for a third liver transplant.

BACKGROUND: Portal vein shunt is common in chronic hepatic diseases and after a liver transplant. Ensuring a satisfactory portal flow is essential to support a rapid liver recovery, of paramount importance to meet the recipient's metabolic needs. CASE PRESENTATION: We report the case of a 32-year-old female undergoing a third liver transplant due to recurrence of graft failure secondary to portosystemic shunting. The patient, affected with biliary atresia, was first transplanted in 2009 with a right split liver graft. The clinical course was complicated by biliary stenosis of the Roux-en-Y anastomosis and multiple episodes of acute rejection treated with steroid boluses, plastic dilation of the biliary anastomosis, and biliary catheter placement. Unfortunately, in 2017 a liver biopsy showed an autoimmunity with histological evidence of ANA 1:80 (granular and nucleolar pattern). This was a contributing factor of liver function impairment, leading to the need to perform a second liver transplant, complicated by an acute rejection, with only a partial response to steroid therapy. Due to the further worsening of the liver function (MELD: 40, Child-Pugh: C11), the patient was relisted for a liver transplant. After five days, she received her third liver transplant, with an entire graft of an AB0 identical group. Intraoperative exploration revealed multiple collaterals and large splenocaval shunts, with a significant alteration of the portal flow and hypertension, isolated and closed with a vascular stapler to restore the graft's regular portal vein flow. CONCLUSIONS: In patients listed for a liver transplant, portal steal syndrome should be identified prior to the transplant. Our recommendation is to consider intraoperative or perioperative closure of the portal collateral varices.

Case report: Trans-papillary free stenting of the cystic duct and of the common bile duct in a double biliary ducts anastomoses of a right lobe living donor transplantation.

BACKGROUND: One of the major issues related to the living donor liver transplantation recipient outcome is still the high rate of biliary complication, especially when multiple biliary ducts are present and multiple anastomoses have to be performed. CASE PRESENTATION AND CONCLUSION: We report a case of adult-to-adult right lobe living donor liver transplantation performed for a recipient affected by alcohol-related cirrhosis with MELD score of 17. End-stage liver disease was complicated by refractory ascites, portal hypertension, small esophageal varices and portal gastropathy, hypersplenism, and abundant right pleural effusion. Here in the attached video we described the adult-to-adult LDLT procedures, where a right lobe with two biliary ducts draining respectively the right anterior and the right posterior segments has been transplanted. LDLT required a biliary reconstruction using the native cystic and common bile ducts stented trans-papillary with two 5- French 6 cm long soft silastic catheter. None major complications were detected during post-operative clinical courses. Actually, the donor and the recipient are alive and well. The technique we describe in the video, allow to keep the biliary anastomoses protected and patent without having the risk of creating cholestasis and the need of invasive additional procedure. No living donor right lobe transplantation should be refused because of the presence of multiple biliary ducts.

Adult to Adult Living Donor Liver Transplantation in Recipients with Low MELD: A Strategy Intended to Overcome Donor Shortage.

Recent series have demonstrated advantages of living donor over deceased donor liver transplantation, with particular benefit for those with low model for end-stage liver disease score. The logic underlying the transplantation of patients before they become too sick is intuitive. It reduces mortality and drop outs from the waiting list and makes transplant surgery less demanding. Those principles have to be balanced with donor safety and transplant benefit for the recipient avoiding early, futile transplantation. The authors report a case of adult to adult right lobe living donor liver transplantation performed for a recipient affected by primary biliary cirrhosis with MELD score of 15, in a transplant center located in an area of Europe characterized by chronic organ shortage.

ERAS Protocol for Perioperative Care of Patients Treated with Laparoscopic Nonanatomic Liver Resection for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: The ISMETT Experience.

Background: Liver resection (LR) remains the best therapeutic option for patients with early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with preserved hepatic function and who are not eligible for liver transplantation. After its inception, the enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocol was widely used for treating patients with liver cancer, although there are still no clear indications for improving upon it in both open and laparoscopic surgery. Objective: This study aims to describe our institute's experience in the application of the ERAS protocol in a cohort of HCC patients, and to explore possible factors that could have an impact on postoperative outcomes. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed our experience with LR performed from September 2017 to January 2020 in patients treated with ERAS protocol, focusing on describing impact on postoperative nutrition, analgesic requirements, and length of hospitalization. Demographics, operative factors, and postoperative complications of patients were reviewed. Results: During the study period, 89 HCC patients were eligible for LR, and 75% of patients presented with liver cirrhosis. The most prevalent among etiologic factors was hepatitis C virus infection (53 patients out of 89, 60%), followed by nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (18 patients, 20%). The median age was 70 years. Liver cirrhosis did not have an impact on postoperative course of patients. Patients who underwent laparoscopic surgery and nonanatomic LR experienced low complication rates, shorter length of stay, and shorter time of intravenous analgesic requirements. Conclusions: Continual refinement with ERAS protocol for treating HCC patients based on perioperative counseling and surgical decision-making is crucial to guarantee low complication rates, and reduce patient morbidity and time for recovery.

Impact of Extended-Criteria Donor Liver Grafts on Benchmark Metrics of Clinical Outcome After Liver Transplantation: A Single Center Experience.

BACKGROUND: The adoption of extended criteria for donors remains the best strategy to widen the pool of available liver graft against the chronic shortage of donors. Benchmarking in liver transplantation (LT) offers the unprecedented opportunity to compare clinical outcome measures to a set of validated reference values. We aimed to evaluate the impact of marginal grafts usage in a cohort of low-risk benchmark cases from an area with a very low rate of deceased donation. METHODS: A cohort of low-risk benchmark cases was identified from all adult patients who underwent LT at our center. Among these patients, those transplanted with a graft from an extended-criteria donor (ECD) were identified. Benchmark metrics (length of hospital and intensive care unit stay, incidences of mortality, graft loss, and postoperative complication) were compared with benchmark cutoffs and between the 2 groups. RESULTS: Two hundred forty-five patients satisfied the inclusion criteria, 146 (60%) of whom received an organ from an ECD. Overall, all benchmark metrics where within the cutoffs limits, except for graft loss (14% vs 11%) and mortality (10% vs 9% 1 year after LT). The ECD group was associated with more grade III complications (60% vs 45%, P = .031), graft loss (18% vs 8%, P = .038), and mortality (14% vs 4%, P = .009). Hepatocellular carcinoma diagnosis was found to be associated with less mortality (odds ratio = 0.42, P = .048). CONCLUSION: While ECD graft usage is associated with slightly worse prognosis, our experience suggests that their use can be considered safe, especially when matched on hepatocellular carcinoma recipients.

Impact of margin status on long-term results of liver resection for hepatocellular carcinoma: single-center time-to-recurrence analysis.

Occult metastasis from the initial tumor and a de novo second primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) were recognized as the main causes for the onset of early and late HCC recurrence, after liver resection (LR). This study aims to compare the time to recurrence after LR for HCC in which a margin ≤ 1 mm or > 1 mm was achieved. A single-center retrospective study involving 256 patients was conducted from June 2005 to June 2019. HCC patients resected with a radical surgical approach were investigated and stratified into groups A (resection margins ≤ 1 mm) and B (> 1 mm), as measured on final pathologic assessment. Kaplan-Meier estimators were used to estimate the probability of recurrence, and the log-rank test was used to compare groups. Uni- and multivariable (stepwise) Cox regression models were used to assess the effect of several HCC pathological characteristics. Twenty patients were excluded for the presence of microscopic tumor invasion at pathologic analysis (R1); 236 patients underwent radical (R0) LR, and were included in the study and divided into group A (n = 61, 26%), and group B (n = 175, 74%). No differences between the two groups were detected regarding: epidemiology, tumor characteristics, type of LR, and follow-up. The estimated probability of recurrence for group A and group B at 12 and 24 months was 27% and 38%, and, 33% and 46%, respectively. Univariate and multivariable Cox regression model estimates showed that tumor grading (HR 2.1, 95% CI 1.2-3.4, p = 0.006), number of nodules (HR 1.2, 95% CI 1.0-1.4, p = 0.015), and extension of the resection (HR 1.8, 95% CI 1.0-1.1, p = 0.047) were independent risk factors for HCC recurrence, with no significant effect of margin status on time to recurrence. A R0 approach that considers a margin of resection > 1 mm does not improve the likelihood of HCC recurrence. Otherwise, our experience confirms that biologic tumor characteristics are the principal factors predictive of local and systemic recurrence.

Impact of Italian Score for Organ Allocation System on Deceased Donor Liver Transplantation: A Monocentric Competing Risk Time-to-Event Analysis.

BACKGROUND: Liver transplantation (LT) is the only definitive and curative treatment for patients with end-stage liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma. We aimed to evaluate the impact of the Italian score for organ allocation (ISO) in terms of the waiting-list mortality, probability of LT, and patient survival after LT. PATIENT AND METHODS: All of the adult patients on the waiting list for LT at our institute from January 2014 to December 2017 were included in the study. The probabilities of death while on the waiting list, dropout from the list, and LT were compared by means of cumulative incidence functions, in a competing risk time-to-event analysis setting. Uni- and multivariable logistic regression models were used to estimate and compare the probability of death and to find potential risk factors for waiting-list death. RESULTS: There were 286 patients on the waiting list for LT during the study period, 122 of whom entered the waiting list prior to the implementation of ISO (Group A) and 164 afterward (Group B). Group A had 62 transplants, and Group B had 116 transplants. Group B showed a lesser probability of death (P = .005) and a greater probability of transplant (P < .001) compared to Group A. In the 2 groups, post-transplant survival was similar. CONCLUSION: Based on preliminary clinical experience from a single transplant center, the ISO allocation system demonstrated an overall reduced probability of patient death while on the waiting list without impairing post-LT survival, suggesting that the ISO system might represent an improved method of organ allocation, with a more beneficial distribution of livers.

Enhanced Recovery after Implementation of Surgery Protocol in Living Kidney Donors: The ISMETT Experience.

INTRODUCTION: Laparoscopic living donor nephrectomy (LLDN) has become the standard procedure for living kidney transplantation. Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) is a multimodal perioperative management aimed at facilitating rapid patient recovery after major surgery by modifying the response to stress induced by exposure to surgery. This association can further reduce hospital stay, surgical stress, and perioperative morbidity of living kidney donors. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In this retrospective analysis conducted at our institute, we compared the first 21 patients who underwent LLDN enrolled with the ERAS protocol with 55 patients who underwent LLDN with the fast-track protocol in the 5 years prior to ERAS protocol implementation. RESULTS: We evaluated 76 consecutive patients. After ERAS protocol implementation, elderly living donors had a shorter hospital stay and a faster return to normal life compared with the same age group of patients in the previous period. There were no major differences in median postoperative hospital stay and no meaningful differences in the percentage of complications after surgery and hospital readmissions. CONCLUSIONS: The introduction of the ERAS protocol for patients undergoing LLDN compared with the traditional protocol led to a reduction in postoperative hospitalization in elder donors, without determining a raise in the number of hospital complications and readmissions.

Crucial Role of Extended Criteria Donors in Deceased Donor Single Kidney Transplantation to Face Chronic Shortage in the Heart of the Mediterranean Basin: A Single-Center Experience.

BACKGROUND: The gap between organ availability and patients on the waiting list for deceased donor kidney transplants has resulted in the wide use of extended criteria donors (ECDs).We aimed to compare the surgical outcomes of single kidney transplantation (KT) performed at our institute with standard criteria donor (SCD) or ECD grafts, according to the Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network definition. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Our retrospective analysis studied 115 adult recipients of KT from January 2016 to July 2018, with kidney grafts procured from adult donors after brain or circulatory death, performed at our institute. Among the 2 recipients' groups, we compared the incidence of early graft loss, delayed graft function, hospitalization, and surgical complications. We compared the evaluation of time to early graft loss with Kaplan-Meier estimators and curves; the hypothesis of no difference in time to graft loss between the 2 groups was tested using the log-rank statistics. RESULTS: Of the 103 deceased donor kidney transplants during the study period, 129 grafts were used after the regional network sharing allocation. More frequently, ECDs had a greater body mass index than SCDs (25.2 ± 3.9 vs 27.7 ± 5.0, P = .005) and type II diabetes mellitus (0% vs 18%, P = .002). KT recipients who received an ECD graft (73, 63.5%) were older (59.8 ± 9.8 vs 45.2 ± 15.4, P < .001) and presented a higher rate of delayed graft function (56% vs 24%, P = .001). Post-transplant graft loss did not differ among the 2 groups. CONCLUSION: Based on clinical experience in a single transplant center, ECD use for KTs is crucial in facing the organ shortage, without impairing post-deceased donor kidney transplant outcomes.