Three new species of Laccaria (Agaricales, Basidiomycota) from Southwest China (Yunnan) based on morphological and multi-gene sequence data.

Introduction: The genus Laccaria has been reported from temperate and tropical areas and is an important constituent in forest ecosystems. However, the species diversity of Laccaria in Southwest China (Yunnan) has been underestimated. Methods: In this paper, descriptions based on morphological and multi-gene sequence data from internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, large subunit ribosomal RNA gene (nrLSU), translation elongation factor 1-α (TEF1α) and the polymerase II second largest subunit (RPB2) of three new Laccaria species from Southwest China (Yunnan) are reported. Results: Two of these were characterized by orange pileus and globose to subglobose basidiospores: L. cinnabarina and L. spinulosa. While L. cinnabarina has orange red colored basidiocarps with conspicuously pellucid-striate pattern, and a fibrillose stipe with longitudinally striations, L. spinulosa has a brownish orange to brown fruiting body with light white pruinae and 2-spored basidia. Laccaria longistriata is characterized by brown to flesh-colored basidioma, prominently striate to sulcate pileus and globose to subglobose basidiospores. Discussion: The three new species were described, illustrated and compared with closely related species in morphology and phylogeny.

DS-SIAUG: A Self-Training Approach Using a Disrupted Student Model for Enhanced Side-Scan Sonar Image Augmentation.

Side-scan sonar is a principal technique for subsea target detection, where the quantity of sonar images of seabed targets significantly influences the accuracy of intelligent target recognition. To expand the number of representative side-scan sonar target image samples, a novel augmentation method employing self-training with a Disrupted Student model is designed (DS-SIAUG). The process begins by inputting a dataset of side-scan sonar target images, followed by augmenting the samples through an adversarial network consisting of the DDPM (Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Model) and the YOLO (You Only Look Once) detection model. Subsequently, the Disrupted Student model is used to filter out representative target images. These selected images are then reused as a new dataset to repeat the adversarial filtering process. Experimental results indicate that using the Disrupted Student model for selection achieves a target recognition accuracy comparable to manual selection, improving the accuracy of intelligent target recognition by approximately 5% over direct adversarial network augmentation.

Correction: Improved runoff forecasting based on time-varying model averaging method and deep learning.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0274004.].

Multi-Scale Marine Object Detection in Side-Scan Sonar Images Based on BES-YOLO.

Aiming at the problem of low accuracy of multi-scale seafloor target detection in side-scan sonar images with high noise and complex background texture, a model for multi-scale target detection using the BES-YOLO network is proposed. First, an efficient multi-scale attention (EMA) mechanism is used in the backbone of the YOLOv8 network, and a bi-directional feature pyramid network (Bifpn) is introduced to merge the information of different scales, finally, a Shape_IoU loss function is introduced to continuously optimize the model and improve its accuracy. Before training, the dataset is preprocessed using 2D discrete wavelet decomposition and reconstruction to enhance the robustness of the network. The experimental results show that 92.4% of the mean average accuracy at IoU of 0.5 (mAP@0.5) and 67.7% of the mean average accuracy at IoU of 0.5 to 0.95 (mAP@0.5:0.95) are achieved using the BES-YOLO network, which is an increase of 5.3% and 4.4% compared to the YOLOv8n model. The research results can effectively improve the detection accuracy and efficiency of multi-scale targets in side-scan sonar images, which can be applied to AUVs and other underwater platforms to implement intelligent detection of undersea targets.

Identification and Functional Characterization of Carboxylesterase Genes Involved in Spirodiclofen Resistance in Panonychus citri (McGregor).

Overexpression of carboxyl/cholinesterase (CCE) genes has been reported to be associated with many cases of pesticide resistance in arthropods. However, it has been rarely documented that CCE genes participate in spirodiclofen resistance in Panonychus citri. In previous research, we found that spirodiclofen resistance is related to increased P450 and CCE enzyme activities in P. citri. In this study, we identified two CCE genes, PcCCE3 and PcCCE5, which were significantly upregulated in spirodiclofen-resistant strain and after exposure to spirodiclofen. RNA interference of PcCCE3 and PcCCE5 increased the spirodiclofen susceptibility in P. citri. In vitro metabolism indicated that PcCCE3 and PcCCE5 could interact with spirodiclofen, but metabolites were detected only in the PcCCE3 treatment. Our results indicated that PcCCE3 participates in spirodiclofen resistance through direct metabolism, and PcCCE5 may be involved in the spirodiclofen resistance by passive binding and sequestration, which provides new insights into spirodiclofen resistance in P. citri.

Effects of aerobic and resistance exercises on psychological and cognitive functions in patients with post-stroke migraine.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the impact of a combination of aerobic and resistance exercises on the psychological and cognitive functions of post-stroke migraine patients. METHODS: This study recruited 100 patients suffering from post-stroke migraine pain who were admitted to the hospital, categorizing them into a control group (n = 50) and an intervention group (n = 50). The control group received conventional drug treatment, while the intervention group received the exercise-based intervention that combined aerobic exercise with resistance exercise. RESULTS: Before treatment, both groups displayed similar Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), Mini-mental State Examination (MMSE) and MoCA scores. However, after the intervention, the intervention group exhibited lower scores on these measures compared to the control group (all p < 0.05). Additionally, there were no discernible disparity in Migraine Disability Assessment (MIDAS) and Headache Impact Test (HIT-6) scores between the two cohorts of patients before treatment (p > 0.05), whereas the intervention group demonstrated significantly lower MIDAS and HIT-6 scores following the intervention (p < 0.05). Although there were no discernible distinctions in National Institute of Health stroke scale (NIHSS) and Stroke Specialized Quality of Life Scale (SS-QOL) measurements between the two patient groups before treatment (p > 0.05), the intervention group exhibited a significant decrease in NIHSS scores and a notable increase in SS-QOL scores after the intervention (p > 0.05). Moreover, the satisfaction rate and overall satisfaction rate were significantly higher in the intervention group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The combination of aerobic and resistance exercises demonstrated positive effects on the psychological well-being and overall quality of life for post-stroke migraine patients.

Hydrological dynamics in the China-Mongolia arid region: An integrated analysis of precipitation recycling and water vapor conversion.

This study examines the atmospheric water cycle dynamics in the China-Mongolia Arid Region (CMAR), a region significantly affected by aridity. By employing a combination of Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) analysis, ERA5 reanalysis data, and the Dynamic Recycling Model (DRM), we investigate the spatial and temporal variations in the Precipitation Recycling Ratio (PRR) and Precipitable Water Conversion Rate (PWCR) over a forty-year period (1979-2021). Our findings reveal that both PRR and PWCR are generally higher but decreasing in most subregions of CMAR, suggesting a notable contribution of local moisture to precipitation. We also identify an increasing trend in PRR across the northwestern subregions and a decreasing trend in other areas. Similarly, PWCR exhibits an increasing trend in the northwestern and southern subregions, while decreasing elsewhere, implying a decline in water vapor conversion and recycling efficiency. Furthermore, our EOF analysis uncovers distinct spatial patterns, with dominant modes accounting for significant variances in PRR and PWCR, correlating with local variations in atmospheric moisture and advective changes. These results underscore the complex interplay between regional topography, atmospheric dynamics, and the hydrological cycle in CMAR. The insights from this study are vital for formulating effective water management strategies and adapting to climate change impacts in arid regions, holding broad implications for environmental science, climate studies, and sustainable resource management. Our findings reveal distinct spatial patterns and contrasting trends in precipitation recycling and water vapor conversion across the subregions of CMAR. This heterogeneity underscores the importance of conducting analyses at finer spatial scales to avoid contradictory conclusions that can arise from topographic influences when treating CMAR as a single unit. Future studies should focus on smaller subregions to accurately capture the intricacies of the water cycle in this topographically complex arid region.

Co-Doped Porous Carbon/Carbon Nanotube Heterostructures Derived from ZIF-L@ZIF-67 for Efficient Microwave Absorption.

Carbon-based magnetic metal composites derived from metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are promising materials for the preparation of broadband microwave absorbers. In this work, the leaf-like co-doped porous carbon/carbon nanotube heterostructure was obtained using ZIF-L@ZIF-67 as precursor. The number of carbon nanotubes can be controlled by varying the amount of ZIF-67, thus regulating the dielectric constant of the sample. An optimum reflection loss of -42.2 dB is attained when ZIF-67 is added at 2 mmol. An effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) of 4.8 GHz is achieved with a thickness of 2.2 mm and a filler weight of 12%. The excellent microwave absorption (MA) ability is generated from the mesopore structure, uniform heterogeneous interfaces, and high conduction loss. The work offers useful guidelines to devise and prepare such nanostructured materials for MA materials.

Research progress on the mechanism of acupuncture on type â ¡ diabetes mellitus. / é’ˆåˆºæ²»ç–—â ¡åž‹ç³–å°¿ç— æ•ˆåº”æœºåˆ¶ç ”ç©¶è¿›å±•.

Acupuncture is an effective measure for treating type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Many studies have shown that acupuncture can reduce blood glucose in patients with T2DM, but its mechanism is still unclear. This review summarized the mechanism of acupuncture on T2DM, the mechanisms of acupuncture in treating T2DM is related to improving insulin resistance, regulating inflammation, promoting insulin secretion, improving lipid metabolism disorders, resisting oxidative stress, improving obesity, controlling intestinal flora, and regulating the nervous system. At the same time, this review also points out the lack of current relevant research and the future research directions to provide a reference for further exploring the mechanism of acupuncture hypoglycemic action.

Development and validation of a machine learning-based readmission risk prediction model for non-ST elevation myocardial infarction patients after percutaneous coronary intervention.

To investigate the factors that influence readmissions in patients with acute non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) by using multiple machine learning (ML) methods to establish a predictive model. In this study, 1576 NSTEMI patients who were hospitalized at the Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College were selected as the research subjects. They were divided into two groups: the readmitted group and the non-readmitted group. The division was based on whether the patients experienced complications or another incident of myocardial infarction within one year after undergoing PCI. Common variables selected by univariate and multivariate logistic regression, LASSO regression, and random forest were used as independent influencing factors for NSTEMI patients' readmissions after PCI. Six different ML models were constructed using these common variables. The area under the ROC curve, accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity were used to evaluate the performance of the six ML models. Finally, the optimal model was selected, and a nomogram was created to visually represent its clinical effectiveness. Three different methods were used to select seven representative common variables. These variables were then utilized to construct six different ML models, which were subsequently compared. The findings indicated that the LR model exhibited the most optimal performance in terms of AUC, accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity. The outcome, admission mode (walking and non-walking), communication ability, CRP, TC, HDL, and LDL were identified as independent predicators of readmissions in NSTEMI patients after PCI. The prediction model constructed by the LR algorithm was the best. The established column graph model established proved to be effective in identifying high-risk groups with high accuracy and differentiation. It holds a specific predictive value for the occurrence of readmissions after direct PCI in NSTEMI patients.

[Retracted] Effects of Grb2­associated binding protein 2­specific siRNA on the migration and invasion of MG­63 osteosarcoma cells.

[This retracts the article DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.7375.].

Attosecond chronoscopy of the photoemission near a bandgap of a single-element layered dielectric.

We report on the energy dependence of the photoemission time delay from the single-element layered dielectric HOPG (highly oriented pyrolytic graphite). This system offers the unique opportunity to directly observe the Eisenbud-Wigner-Smith (EWS) time delays related to the bulk electronic band structure without being strongly perturbed by ubiquitous effects of transport, screening, and multiple scattering. We find the experimental streaking time shifts to be sensitive to the modulation of the density of states in the high-energy region (E ≈ 100 eV) of the band structure. The present attosecond chronoscopy experiments reveal an energy-dependent increase of the photoemission time delay when the final state energy of the excited electrons lies in the vicinity of the bandgap providing information difficult to access by conventional spectroscopy. Accompanying simulations further corroborate our interpretation.

Association between remote resistance exercises programs delivered by a smartphone application and skeletal muscle mass among elderly patients with type 2 diabetes- a retrospective real-world study.

Objective: We aimed to explore the relationship between remote resistance exercise programs delivered via a smartphone application and skeletal muscle mass among elderly patients with type 2 diabetes, utilizing real-world data. Methods: The resistance exercises were provided through Joymotion®, a web-based telerehabilitation smartphone application (Shanghai Medmotion Medical Management Co., Ltd). The primary outcome was the changes in skeletal muscle index (SMI) before and after the remote resistance exercises programs. The secondary outcomes were changes in skeletal muscle cross-sectional area (SMA), skeletal muscle radiodensity (SMD) and intermuscular adipose tissue (IMAT). Results: A total of 101 elderly patients with type 2 diabetes were analyzed. The participants had an average age of 72.9 ± 6.11 years for males and 74.4 ± 4.39 years for females. The pre- and post-intervention SMI mean (± SE) was 31.64 ± 4.14 vs. 33.25 ± 4.22 cm2/m2 in male, and 22.72 ± 3.24 vs. 24.28 ± 3.60 cm2/m2 in female respectively (all P < 0.001). Similarly, a statistically significant improvement in SMA, IMAT, and SMD for both male and female groups were also observed respectively (P < 0.001). Multiple linear regression models showed potential confounding factors of baseline hemoglobin A1c and duration of diabetes with changes in SMI in male, while hemoglobin A1c and high density lipoprotein cholesterol with changes in SMI in female. Conclusion: Remote resistance exercises programs delivered by a smartphone application were feasible and effective in helping elderly patients with type 2 diabetes to improve their skeletal muscle mass.

Zinc ions regulate mitochondrial quality control in neurons under oxidative stress and reduce PANoptosis in spinal cord injury models via the Lgals3-Bax pathway.

Spinal cord injury is a serious traumatic nervous system disorder characterized by extensive neuronal apoptosis. Oxidative stress, a key factor in neuronal apoptosis, leads to the accumulation of reactive oxygen species, making mitochondrial quality control within cells crucial. Previous studies have demonstrated zinc's anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic properties in protecting mitochondria during spinal cord injury treatment, yet the precise mechanisms remain elusive. Single-cell sequencing analysis has identified Lgals3 and Bax as core genes in apoptosis. This study aimed to investigate whether zinc ions protect intracellular mitochondria by inhibiting the apoptotic proteins Lgals3 and Bax. We elucidated zinc ions' key role in mitigating mitochondrial quality control dysfunction triggered by oxidative stress and confirmed this was achieved by targeting the Lgals3-Bax pathway. Zinc's inhibitory effect on this pathway not only preserved mitochondrial integrity but also significantly reduced PANoptosis after spinal cord injury. Under oxidative stress, zinc ion regulation of mitochondrial quality control reveals an organelle-targeted therapeutic strategy, offering a novel approach for more precise treatment of spinal cord injury.

Layer-specific mechanisms of perfluoroalkyl acid (PFAA) transport and partition in estuarine environments: Unveiling the depth-dependent differences.

Understanding of characteristics and transport of perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) in heterogeneous estuarine environments is limited. Furthermore, the role of suspended particles (SPS) in different layers remains unclear. This study explores the multiphase distribution process and mechanism of PFAAs controlled by SPS across surface and bottom layers in five small estuaries. Peaks in PFAA concentrations are consistently observed at strongly stratified sites. Concentrations of the PFAAs in both surface and bottom SPS decreased as the degree of mixing increased from strongly stratified levels to well-mixed levels. The water-SPS partitioning of some short-chain PFAAs (PFBS, PFHxA, and PFHpA) is influenced by environmental factors (pH, depth, temperature, and salinity) due to electrostatic interactions, while the sorption of some long-chain PFAAs (PFOA, PFOS, and PFNA) is controlled by SPS and dissolved organic carbon (OC), driven by hydrophobic interactions. Additionally, SPS dominates OC transport in estuarine systems, except in sandy sediment environments. SPS plays a dominant role in PFAA partitioning in both surface and bottom water-SPS systems (p < 0.05), and salinity only significantly affects PFBS in bottom layer (p < 0.01). These findings are critical for understanding the drivers of PFAA partitioning and the roles of SPS in different layers, underscoring the necessity of considering particle-associated PFAA fractions in future coastal environmental management.

Chinese college students' PGD symptoms and their relationship to cognitive variables: a latent profile analysis.

Bereavement is a commonly experienced grief event; however, bereavement can also trigger a number of psychological consequences, such as prolonged grief disorder (PGD). At present, the differences in prolonged grief disorder symptoms (PGD symptoms) among various individuals and how those symptoms relate to cognitive variables are unclear. In the present study, 817 Chinese college students with bereavement experience were selected as participants. Based on the evaluation results of their irrational beliefs, bereavement-related irrational beliefs, basic world assumptions, and PGD symptoms, an individual-centered latent profile analysis was used to divide a group with PGD symptoms into several subgroups and comprehensively examine the relationships between these subgroups and cognitive variables. (1) The severity of PGD symptoms among Chinese college students can be categorized into three subgroups: mild, moderate, and severe. (2) Cognitive variables such as irrational beliefs and basic world assumptions were all found to correlate with the severity of PGD symptoms; bereavement-related irrational beliefs was the variable with the largest correlation. However, for the first time, this study found that different dimensions of basic world assumptions had different directions of correlation, based on the severity of the PGD symptoms. Justice, control, randomness, and self-control had significantly positive correlations. Conversely, benevolence of the world, benevolence of people, and worthiness of the self had significantly negative correlations. These results have important reference value for cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) treatment and interventions for PGD issues in Chinese college students.

Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Regulate Surgical Brain Injury by Activating the cGAS-STING Pathway.

Surgical brain injury (SBI), induced by neurosurgical procedures or instruments, has not attracted adequate attention. The pathophysiological process of SBI remains sparse compared to that of other central nervous system diseases thus far. Therefore, novel and effective therapies for SBI are urgently needed. In this study, we found that neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) were present in the circulation and brain tissues of rats after SBI, which promoted neuroinflammation, cerebral edema, neuronal cell death, and aggravated neurological dysfunction. Inhibition of NETs formation by peptidylarginine deiminase (PAD) inhibitor or disruption of NETs with deoxyribonuclease I (DNase I) attenuated SBI-induced damages and improved the recovery of neurological function. We show that SBI triggered the activation of cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate synthase stimulator of interferon genes (cGAS-STING), and that inhibition of the cGAS-STING pathway could be beneficial. It is worth noting that DNase I markedly suppressed the activation of cGAS-STING, which was reversed by the cGAS product cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate (cGMP-AMP, cGAMP). Furthermore, the neuroprotective effect of DNase I in SBI was also abolished by cGAMP. NETs may participate in the pathophysiological regulation of SBI by acting through the cGAS-STING pathway. We also found that high-dose vitamin C administration could effectively inhibit the formation of NETs post-SBI. Thus, targeting NETs may provide a novel therapeutic strategy for SBI treatment, and high-dose vitamin C intervention may be a promising translational therapy with an excellent safety profile and low cost.

Inhibition of UHRF1 Improves Motor Function in Mice with Spinal Cord Injury.

Spinal-cord injury (SCI) is a severe condition that can lead to limb paralysis and motor dysfunction, and its pathogenesis is not fully understood. The objective of this study was to characterize the differential gene expression and molecular mechanisms in the spinal cord of mice three days after spinal cord injury. By analyzing RNA sequencing data, we identified differentially expressed genes and discovered that the immune system and various metabolic processes play crucial roles in SCI. Additionally, we identified UHRF1 as a key gene that plays a significant role in SCI and found that SCI can be improved by suppressing UHRF1. These findings provide important insights into the molecular mechanisms of SCI and identify potential therapeutic targets that could greatly contribute to the development of new treatment strategies for SCI.

Improved Energy Storage Performance of Composite Films Based on Linear/Ferroelectric Polarization Characteristics.

The development and integration of high-performance electronic devices are critical in advancing energy storage with dielectric capacitors. Poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene-chlorofluoroethylene) (PVTC), as an energy storage polymer, exhibits high-intensity polarization in low electric strength fields. However, a hysteresis effect can result in significant residual polarization, leading to a severe energy loss, which impacts the resultant energy storage density and charge/discharge efficiency. In order to modify the polarization properties of the polymer, a biaxially oriented polypropylene (BOPP) film with linear characteristics has been selected as an insulating layer and combined with the PVTC ferroelectric polarization layer to construct PVTC/BOPP bilayer films. The hetero-structure and polarization characteristics of the bilayer film have been systematically studied. Adjusting the BOPP volume content to 67% resulted in a discharge energy density of 10.1 J/cm3 and an energy storage efficiency of 80.9%. The results of this study have established the mechanism for a composite structure regulation of macroscopic energy storage performance. These findings can provide a basis for the effective application of ferroelectric polymer-based composites in dielectric energy storage.

Taurine attenuates activation of hepatic stellate cells by inhibiting autophagy and inducing ferroptosis.

BACKGROUND: Liver fibrosis is a compensatory response during the tissue repair process in chronic liver injury, and finally leads to liver cirrhosis or even hepatocellular carcinoma. The pathogenesis of hepatic fibrosis is associated with the progressive accumulation of activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), which can transdifferentiate into myofibroblasts to produce an excess of the extracellular matrix (ECM). Myofibroblasts are the main source of the excessive ECM responsible for hepatic fibrosis. Therefore, activated hepatic stellate cells (aHSCs), the principal ECM producing cells in the injured liver, are a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of hepatic fibrosis. AIM: To explore the effect of taurine on aHSC proliferation and the mechanisms involved. METHODS: Human HSCs (LX-2) were randomly divided into five groups: Normal control group, platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) (20 ng/mL) treated group, and low, medium, and high dosage of taurine (10 mmol/L, 50 mmol/L, and 100 mmol/L, respectively) with PDGF-BB (20 ng/mL) treated group. Cell Counting Kit-8 method was performed to evaluate the effect of taurine on the viability of aHSCs. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to estimate the effect of taurine on the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde, glutathione, and iron concentration. Transmission electron microscopy was applied to observe the effect of taurine on the autophagosomes and ferroptosis features in aHSCs. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis were performed to detect the effect of taurine on the expression of α-SMA, Collagen I, Fibronectin 1, LC3B, ATG5, Beclin 1, PTGS2, SLC7A11, and p62. RESULTS: Taurine promoted the death of aHSCs and reduced the deposition of the ECM. Treatment with taurine could alleviate autophagy in HSCs to inhibit their activation, by decreasing autophagosome formation, downregulating LC3B and Beclin 1 protein expression, and upregulating p62 protein expression. Meanwhile, treatment with taurine triggered ferroptosis and ferritinophagy to eliminate aHSCs characterized by iron overload, lipid ROS accumulation, glutathione depletion, and lipid peroxidation. Furthermore, bioinformatics analysis demonstrated that taurine had a direct targeting effect on nuclear receptor coactivator 4, exhibiting the best average binding affinity of -20.99 kcal/mol. CONCLUSION: Taurine exerts therapeutic effects on liver fibrosis via mechanisms that involve inhibition of autophagy and trigger of ferroptosis and ferritinophagy in HSCs to eliminate aHSCs.