The Correlation between IL-1ß-C31T Gene Polymorphism and Susceptibility to Breast Cancer.

PURPOSE: Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1ß), a pro-inflammatory cytokine, has been shown to influence breast cancer susceptibility. The relationship between its risk of breast cancer and IL-1ß-C31T polymorphism has been demonstrated, but the results remain controversial. Therefore, our study aimed to investigate the correlation between the IL-1ß-C31T gene polymorphism and susceptibility to breast cancer. METHODS: The genotype frequencies of IL-1ß-C31T polymorphism were compared between 204 breast cancer cases and 210 controls using polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism techinques. Further multivariate binary logistic regression analyses were used to assess the association between IL-1ß-C31T polymorphism and breast cancer risk. RESULTS: The frequency of the T allele of IL-1ß-C31T polymorphism in breast cancer cases was significantly higher than that in the controls (56.1% vs. 47.9%). The frequencies of genotypes CC, CT, and TT in the cases were 22.1%, 43.6%, and 34.3%, respectively, while in the control group they were 24.3%, 55.7%, and 20.0%, respectively. There was a significant difference between the prevalence of TT genotype in the 2 groups (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 2.06; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.16-3.66; p = 0.014). Breast cancer risk increased in women with TT genotype, body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 kg/m2 (OR, 2.19; 95% CI, 1.09-4.36), late age at first birth (OR, 2.43; 95% CI, 1.29-4.56), postmenopausal status (OR, 3.15; 95% CI, 1.39-7.16), and negative smoking history (OR, 2.52; 95% CI, 1.32-4.82). Furthermore, increase in breast cancer risk among women diagnosed with invasive ductal carcinoma was associated with CT/TT genotypes (OR, 2.82; 95% CI, 1.38-5.76). CONCLUSION: The IL-1ß-C31T polymorphism affects breast cancer susceptibility, especially in women with late age at first birth, high BMI, postmenopausal status, negative smoking history, and invasive ductal carcinoma. Our study adds to the evidence about the importance of IL-1ß-C31T polymorphism in breast cancer susceptibility.

Association of intra-tumoral tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio is an independent prognostic factor in non-small cell lung cancer.

BACKGROUND: Studies suggest that tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and inflammation markers have independent roles in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but the relationship between the two pronostic factors remains unclear. In this study, we investigated TILs and inflammation markers in with patients advanced stage NSCLC and assessed the association of their levels with prognosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: TILs were evaluated by immunohistochemical staining for cluster of differentiation 3 (CD3) and cluster of differentiation 5 (CD5) and by hematoxylin and eosin staining for non-specific lymphocyte. We investigated the localisation pattern of TILs in advanced stage NSCLC. We divided all cases into two groups: TILs-high and TILs-low groups, by 75th percentile of the population of. In our study, inflammation markers were assessed by C-reactive protein (CRP) and the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR). RESULTS: The results showed that the presence of intra-tumoral high CD3+ and low CD5+ were an independent prognostic factor for overall survival (respectively, P = 0.022 and P = 0.025). Moreover, the high NLR and serum high CRP levels were associated with poor survival (respectively, P = 0.008; P = 0.027). In multi-variate survival analysis, the high CD3+ , low CD5+ , high NLR, tumour node metastasis (TNM) stage, depth of tumour invasion and lymph node metastasis remained independent prognostic factors (respectively, P = 0.018, P = 0.020, P = 0.024, P = 0.038, P = 0.020 and P = 0.047).The high NLR was detected negative correlation with intra-tumoral CD3+ and positive correlation with intra-tumoral CD5+ (respectively, r = -0.623, P = 0.012; r = 0.628, P = 0.028). CONCLUSIONS: This study is first report demonstrating the prognostic value of intra-tumoral low CD5+ with NSCLC. Increased CD3+ and low CD5+ was observed in patients with poor prognosis; the two molecules were correlated with NLR, suggesting that inflammation might be used as improve therapeutic efficacy to immunotherapy for advanced NSCLC.

Changing trends in the incidence of ovarian neoplasia and its relationship with the risk factors: a report of 311 cases from north-eastern anatolia region.

OBJECTIVE: Ovarian cancer is one of the most common and lethal gynecologic malignancy. In Turkey, the 8(th) most commonly seen neoplasm is ovarian cancer. The risk factors of ovarian cancer are menstrual reproductive events including gravida, menarche and menopause status, and life style habits such as cigarette smoking and habitat. In this study we aimed to determine the risk factors leading to ovarian cancer in Turkish women population and show the tumor markers in this population. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study included 311 ovarian neoplasia cases diagnosed at the Pathology Department of Ataturk University in Erzurum over last seven years extending from 2005 to 2013. This study is a retrospective analysis basing on the pathology reports and accesible patient files. Serum tumor markers of the patients were retrospectively reported from their records. Conventional stained preparations existing in our archive examined by two pathologists as well independent of each other, and histopathologic diagnosis and the distribution of the sub-group was revised. RESULTS: A total of 311 patients were included in this study in which patients were diagnosed at the Pathology Department of Ataturk University in Erzurum. Serous cystadenoma is the most common ovarian tumor followed by mucinous cystadenoma, germ cell tumors, and dysgerminoma. All of the tumor markers were significantly normal. CONCLUSION: Upto our knowledge this was the first epidemiological study in Turkey. Analysis of each country's statistical information reflecting its own profile is also important. The relationship between the profiles of patients and types of ovarian neoplasia may give an idea about the risk factors of the disease in its region. Additionally, distribution of tumor markers might be considered for the discriminating of the benign or malign characters of the ovarian neoplasia.

Cervical cytological screening results of 8,495 cases in Turkey--common inflammation but infrequent epithelial cell abnormalities?

BACKGROUND: Cervical cancer is the ninth most common cancer among females in Turkey. Cervical smear is a routine screening test used for the detection of cervical abnormalities and also it detects certain infections of the cervix. OBJECTIVE: To analyze cervical smear results of our clinic in order to determine most frequent pathology of the women in North Eastern Anatolia Region of Turkey. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In a retrospective study design, 8,495 cervical cytology cases diagnosed at the Pathology Department of the Regional Education and Research Hospital in Erzurum over the last one and half years extending from August 2012 to December 2013 were investigated. RESULTS: The most common diagnosis was found to be inflammation, 65.5 % (5,566 out of 8,495), and the least was squamous epithelial abnormalities 0.2% (13 out of 8,495). There was some variation among the three pathologists regarding diagnosis but findings for the latter. CONCLUSIONS: Regular cervical smear tests are one of the most important strategies in early diagnosis of cervical cancer but there are conflicting data regarding the prevalence of epithelial cell abnormalities in Turkey, and the reasons of this should be investigated.