Efficacy and Predictive Factors Analysis of Androgen Deprivation Plus Novel Hormone Therapy as Neoadjuvant Treatment for High-Risk Prostate Cancer.

BACKGROUND: This investigation explored the clinical features, pathological outcomes, and biochemical recurrence (BCR) duration among high-risk prostate cancer (HRPC) patients who have undergone neoadjuvant therapy (NAT) in combination with radical prostatectomy (RP) and pelvic lymph node dissection (PLND). Additionally, we identified prognostic indicators that discern pathological complete response (pCR) or minimal residual disease (MRD) and BCR. METHODS: In total, we examined 76 HRPC patients, who received NAT with either androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) plus apalutamide or ADT plus abiraterone, with subsequent RP and PLND. We conducted a genetic evaluation of patients receiving neoadjuvant apalutamide. Additionally, patient pathological outcomes, circulating prostate-specific antigen (PSA) response rates, and BCR duration were analyzed. Lastly, we employed uni- and multivariate analyses to screen for prognostic factors that govern pCR or MRD and BCR duration. RESULTS: Patient median age and median PSA at presentation were 69 years (IQR: 66-73), and 47.6 ng/mL (IQR: 24.1-105.75), respectively. We observed marked changes in pCR or MRD rates between the two cohorts. In particular, the ADT plus apalutamide cohort (51.5%) exhibited enhanced rates relative to the ADT plus abiraterone cohort (25.6%) (p = 0.03). The median BCR duration was substantially prolonged among neoadjuvant apalutamide cohort relative to the neoadjuvant abiraterone cohort (261 days vs. 76 days, p = 0.04). Using multivariate analysis, we revealed that the postintervention pre-RP PSA content (≤ 0.1 ng/mL vs. > 0.1 ng/mL) remained a substantial stand-alone indicator of pCR or MRD (odds ratio: 10.712, 95% CI: 2.725-42.105, p < 0.001). Furthermore, supplemental analyses revealed that the ADT plus apalutamide cohort exhibited an augmented serum response rate, which, in turn, reduced the post-intervention pre-RP PSA content. Based on our genetic profiling of the neoadjuvant apalutamide cohort demonstrated high-frequency deleterious changes in the AR axis (30.3%), followed by TP53 mutations (15.15%). Patients with defective AR axis experienced a remarkably shorter median BCR duration relative to patients with other or no genetic alterations (52.5 days vs. 286 and 336 days, respectively, p < 0.0001). Furthermore, using multivariate analysis, we demonstrated that achieving pCR or MRD (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.170, 95% CI: 0.061-0.477, p < 0.001) and presence of defective AR signaling (HR: 11.193, 95% CI: 3.499-35.806, p < 0.001) were strong stand-alone indicators of BCR. CONCLUSIONS: Herein, we demonstrated the superior performance of ADT plus apalutamide in achieving pCR or MRD and in extending BCR duration among HRPC patients. Post-intervention pre-RP PSA content as well as genetic shifts, especially in the AR axis, are critical indicators of patient pathological and clinical outcomes. These findings highlight the significance of genetic testing and PSA content monitoring in treating HRPC patients.

Extrarenal renal cell carcinoma in the adrenal region: a case report.

This case report describes a rare instance of extrarenal clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) in a 48-year-old woman who presented with a loss of consciousness. Abdominal CT revealed a 24 × 31 mm mass in the left adrenal region, with no kidney involvement. The mass was surgically excised, and histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of ccRCC. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed positive markers, including CA9, CD10, PAX-8, and vimentin. The patient did not undergo adjuvant therapy, and a 6-month follow-up showed no signs of recurrence or metastasis. This case emphasizes the importance of considering extrarenal ccRCC in differential diagnoses of adrenal masses.

Cadmium-Assisted Photochemical Vapor Generation of Arsenic from Low Concentration of Formic Acid Media.

A highly sensitive method for the determination of total arsenic (As) has been developed using photochemical vapor generation (PVG) coupled with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP MS). The efficient PVG of As is reported for the first time in the presence of Cd(II) in diluted formic acid (FA) medium. The PVG efficiency of 93 ± 1% can be achieved in the system with 0.15% (v/v) FA and 40.0 mg L-1 Cd(II) under 100 s UV irradiation. The limit of detection (LOD, 3σ) for As was determined to be 0.2 ng L-1, which was enhanced about 43-fold over the traditional solution nebulization method. The anti-interference capability against sample matrices was enhanced compared to previous PVG systems that used diluted formic acid alone or a combination of sodium formate and sodium sulfite as the medium. The established method was applied for the analysis of natural waters and certified reference materials (CRMs) of rice with satisfactory results. The mechanism of the PVG system was investigated, and the generation of volatile As species as AsH3 was found in all investigated systems, including monomethylarsonic acid (MMA), dimethylarsinic acid (DMA), As (III), and As(V). Additionally, volatile cadmium species were also generated simultaneously. The efficient reduction of As in diluted FA observed in this study is beneficial to understanding the interaction between As and Cd in the photochemical process.

Photo-tunable hydrogels reveal cellular sensing of rapid rigidity changes through the accumulation of mechanical signaling molecules.

Cells use traction forces to sense mechanical cues in their environment. While the molecular clutch model effectively explains how cells exert more forces on stiffer substrates, it falls short in addressing their adaptation to dynamic mechanical fluctuations prevalent in tissues and organs. Here, using hydrogel with photo-responsive rigidity, we show that cells' response to rigidity changes is frequency dependent. Strikingly, at certain frequencies, cellular traction forces exceed those on static substrates 4-fold stiffer, challenging the established molecular clutch model. We discover that the discrepancy between the rapid adaptation of traction forces and the slower deactivation of mechanotransduction signaling proteins results in their accumulation, thereby enhancing long-term cellular traction in dynamic settings. Consequently, we propose a new model that melds immediate mechanosensing with extended mechanical signaling. Our study underscores the significance of dynamic rigidity in the development of synthetic biomaterials, emphasizing the importance of considering both immediate and prolonged cellular responses.

Impact of emergence delirium on long-term survival in older patients after major noncardiac surgery: A longitudinal prospective observational study.

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that emergence delirium might be associated with worse long-term survival. DESIGN: A longitudinal prospective observational study. SETTING: A tertiary hospital in Beijing, China. PATIENTS: A total of 942 patients aged 65-90 years who were admitted to post-anesthesia care unit (PACU) after major noncardiac surgery under general anesthesia. EXPOSURES: Emergence delirium was assessed with the Confusion Assessment Method for the Intensive Care Unit during PACU stay. MEASUREMENTS: Patients were followed up once a year for at least 3 years. Our primary endpoint was overall survival. Secondary endpoints included recurrence-free and event-free survivals. Associations between emergence delirium and long-term survivals were analyzed with the Cox proportional hazard models. MAIN RESULTS: Among enrolled patients, 915 completed perioperative assessments; 906 completed long-term follow-up (mean age 72 years; 60 % [545/906] male; 73 % [660/906] cancer surgery). At the end of follow-up (median 43 months), there were 69 deaths in 331 patients (21 %) with emergence delirium versus 114 deaths in 575 patients (20 %) without: unadjusted hazard ratio 1.10 (95 % CI: 0.81 to 1.48); P = 0.547; adjusted hazard ratio 0.96 (95 % CI: 0.70 to 1.32); P = 0.797. Recurrence-free survival was 73/331 (22 %) in patients with emergence delirium versus 121/575 (21 %) without: unadjusted hazard ratio 1.08 (95 % CI: 0.81 to 1.45); P = 0.598; adjusted hazard ratio 0.94 (95 % CI: 0.69 to 1.28); P = 0.695. Event-free survival was 159/331 (48 %) in patients with emergence delirium versus 268/575 (47 %) without: unadjusted hazard ratio 1.06 (95 % CI: 0.87 to 1.29); P = 0.563; adjusted hazard ratio 0.98 (95 % CI: 0.80 to 1.21); P = 0.875. CONCLUSIONS: We did not find significant association between emergence delirium and worse long-term survival in older patients after general anesthesia and major surgery mainly for cancer. The effects of emergence delirium on long-term outcomes deserve further investigation. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATIONS: www.chictr.org.cn; ChiCTR-OOC-17012734.

Yap1 alleviates sepsis associated encephalopathy by inhibiting hippocampus ferroptosis via maintaining mitochondrial dynamic homeostasis.

Sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) is a serious neurological complication accompanied by acute and long-term cognitive dysfunction. Ferroptosis is a newly discovered type of cell death that is produced by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation. As a key transcriptional coactivator in the Hippo signalling pathway, Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1) could target ferroptosis-related genes. This study was aimed to determine whether Yap1 protects against SAE and inhibits ferroptosis via maintaining mitochondrial dynamic homeostasis. Caecal ligation puncture (CLP) was used to establish the SAE model, and LPS was applied in hippocampal cells to mimic the inflammatory model in vitro. The results showed that Yap1 conditional knockout in hippocampal caused lower survival in SAE mice and cognitive dysfunction, as proved by Morri's water maze (MWM) task, tail suspension test (TST), open field test (OFT) and elevated plus maze test (EPMT). After Yap1 knockout, the production of ROS, MDA and Fe2+ and proinflammatory cytokines in the hippocampus were increased, indicating that Yap1 deficiency exacerbates CLP-induced brain injury and hippocampus ferroptosis. Meanwhile, GPX4, SLC7A11, ferritin (FTH1) and GSH levels were decreased in the Yap1 knockout group. In vitro, Yap1 overexpression mitigated LPS-induced hippocampal cell ferroptosis and improved mitochondrial function by inhibiting mitochondrial fission, as evidenced by lower mitochondrial ROS, cell viability, Fe2+ and the expression of Fis1 and Drp1. Further, the present study suggested that Yap1 could inhibit ferritinophagy-mediated ferroptosis in the hippocampus via inhibiting mitochondrial fission, thus reducing cognitive dysfunction in SAE mice.

Classification of Neoadjuvant Therapy Response in Patients With Colorectal Liver Metastases Using Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound-With Histological Pathology as the Gold Standard.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the response to neoadjuvant therapy in patients with colorectal liver metastases (CRLMs) using ultrasound(US) and contrast-enhanced ultrasound(CEUS), with correction to the tumor regression grade (TRG) of pathological results. METHODS: This study included patients with resectable CRLMs admitted from February to December 2022. After at least 4 cycles neoadjuvant therapy, all the patients received US and CEUS examinations within two weeks before hepatectomy. CEUS clips were postprocessed with color parameter imaging (CPI) and microflow imaging (MFI) analysis. Logistic regression analyses were used to develop an evaluation Nomogram. Ultrasound-based model was constructed to discriminate between the response (TRG1/2/3) and nonresponse (TRG4/5) groups at the lesion level. The model's predictive ability was evaluated using the C index and calibration curve, with decision curve analysis assessing the Nomogram's added value. RESULTS: The study analyzed 105 CRLM lesions (the lesion with the highest diameter analyzed for each patient), with 43.8% showing a response to therapy. Univariate analysis identified calcification on US (p = 0.039), CEUS enhancement degree (p < 0.001), CEUS enhancement pattern (p<0.001), CEUS washout type (p < 0.001), CEUS necrosis (p < 0.001), CPI feeding artery (p = 0.003) and MFI pattern (p < 0.001) were significantly associated with TRG. The multivariate analysis showed CEUS enhancement pattern (p = 0.026), CEUS washout type (p = 0.018) and CEUS necrosis (p = 0.005) were independently associated with the neoadjuvant therapy response. A Nomogram with the three independent predictors was developed, with an AUC of 0.898. CONCLUSION: The ultrasound-based model provided accurate evaluation of pathological tumor response to preoperative chemotherapy in patients with CRLM, and may help to decide the individualized treatment strategy.

Prognostic value of [18F]FDG PET/CT in metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer at initial diagnosis: a retrospective cohort study.

INTRODUCTION: This retrospective study aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of [18F]FDG parameters in patients with visceral and bone metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC). PATIENTS AND METHODS: This analysis included the mHSPC patients who underwent [18F]FDG PET/CT at the initial diagnosis. Baseline characteristics were analyzed, and the uptake of [18F]FDG was quantified using SUVmax. Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazard regression analysis were employed to evaluate the correlation between SUVmax and patient survival. RESULTS: Among the 267 patients enrolled, 90 (33.7%) presented with visceral metastases and 177 (66.3%) had bone metastases. The median follow-up for the visceral metastasis group was 35.5 months (IQR 26-53.8 months). The median overall survival for patients with lung, liver, or both metastases were 30, 21 and 17 months, respectively. Patients exhibiting higher [18F]FDG uptake in metastatic lesions experienced shorter overall survival (OS) in comparison to those with lower [18F]FDG uptake, both in the visceral metastases group (17 vs. 31 months, p = 0.002) and the bone metastases group (27.5 vs. 34.5 months, p < 0.001). Cox regression analysis further revealed that increased [18F]FDG uptake in metastatic lesions emerged as a significant risk factor in both OS and progression-free survival (PFS). In contrast, the variability in [18F]FDG uptake in primary lesions did not provide a reliable indicator for predicting prognosis. CONCLUSIONS: In mHSPC patients, higher [18F]FDG uptake in metastatic lesions indicates shorter survival and increased risk of disease progression. The [18F]FDG SUVmax in primary tumors did not show significant prognostic value. Our study underscores the unique prognostic potential of [18F]FDG PET/CT in mHSPC patients, highlighting its importance in the management of both bone and visceral metastases.

The Status of Liver Margin in Perihilar Cholangiocarcinoma: A Multicenter Study.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and distribution of carcinoma in the liver margin (LM) of resected perihilar cholangiocarcinoma (pCCA) and establish a method for LM examination. BACKGROUND: LM is the largest margin in resected pCCA with undefined status and assessment method. METHODS: 227 pCCA cases underwent major hepatectomy were divided into a discovery cohort (n=101) assessed using serial whole-mount digital large sections (WDLS) combined with small sections, and a control cohort (n=126) assessed using only small sections. RESULTS: The LM R1 resection rate was 38.6% (39/101) in the discovery cohort and 5.6% (7/126) in the control cohort. WDLS identified more LM R1 cases compared to the small section in the discovery cohort (38.6% vs. 5.9%, P<0.001). R0 patients in the discovery cohort had better overall survival and recurrence-free survival than those in the control cohort (both P<0.05). Additionally, 95% of carcinoma was found within 20 mm of the proximal ductal margin (DM). A proximal DM distance of<5 mm was an independent risk factor for LM R1 resection. Patients with which are more likely to experience R1 compared to those with ≥ 5 mm (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Positive LM was the significant cause for R1 resection of pCCA and the utilization of WDLS improved the diagnostic accuracy of LM. An examination methodology was established, highlighting the necessity of examining LM within a 20 mm radius around the proximal DM, especially in patients with a proximal DM of<5 mm.

Asymmetric [3 + 3] cycloaddition of cinnamaldehyde-derived N-aryl nitrones with 2-indolemethanols enabled by chiral phosphoric acid.

We described a chiral phosphoric acid (CPA) catalyzed asymmetric [3 + 3] cycloaddition of cinnamaldehyde-derived N-aryl nitrones with 2-indolylmethanols to prepare various indole-fused 1,2-oxazines in high yields (up to 96%) with excellent enantioselectivity (>99% ee). Control experiments indicate that hydrogen bonding plays important roles in controlling the enantioselectivity of products. This strategy provides an efficient pathway to construct enantioenriched indole-fused 1,2-oxazines from N-aryl nitrones with 2-indolylmethanols.

Associations of age and sex with characteristics of extracellular vesicles and protein-enriched fractions of blood plasma.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanosized particles that are released by various cell types and play vital roles in intercellular communication. They carry biological molecules reflecting the physiological and pathological states of their source cells and tissues, showing potential as biomarkers. However, the impact of demographic factors like age and sex on the properties of blood plasma EVs remains underexplored. This study aims to fill this gap by evaluating how these factors influence the particle count and proteomic profiles of plasma EV preparations and corresponding protein fractions. Plasma samples from 120 healthy volunteers were collected and pooled into six groups: young males (age: 27.6 ± 4.0), young females (27.4 ± 3.8), middle-aged males (48.8 ± 3.8), middle-aged females (48.9 ± 3.9), old males (69.3 ± 3.9), and old females (69.4 ± 4.3). EV- and protein-enriched fractions were separated by size-exclusion chromatography (SEC). Fractions were characterized for particle number concentration and protein composition to identify characteristics affected by age and biological sex. Plasma EVs and corresponding protein fractions exhibited distinct characteristics, with differential enrichment of markers related to EVs and other blood components, including lipoproteins. Proteomic profiles of both EVs and protein fractions displayed sex- and age-dependent differences. Differentially abundant proteins displayed functions previously identified in the context of aging and sex differences, highlighting their utility as biomarkers. Age and sex significantly affect the characteristics of plasma EVs and proteins, potentially influencing their efficacy and interpretation as biomarkers in clinical applications. This study lays the groundwork for detailed mechanistic research to understand how EVs mediate age- and sex-related effects in health.

Nitrogenation of Alkynes with Nitrones to Prepare Functionalized [1,4]Oxazinones through Csp-Csp2 Bond Cleavage.

Herein, we report a novel strategy of hypervalent iodine(III) compound-mediated selective Csp-Csp2 bond cleavage of alkynes and C═N/N-O bond cleavage of nitrones and recombination of C-C/C-O/C-N multiple bonds to access various functionalized [1,4]oxazinones bearing a vicinal carbon stereocenter in good yields and high diastereoselectivity. Mechanistic studies revealed that the reaction undergoes a domino [4 + 3] cycloaddition, 1,3-rearrangement of N-O bond, intramolecular cyclization, dearomatization, and rearomatization over four steps in a single flask. The present method features good functional group tolerance, broad substrate scope, and C-C/C═N/N-O multiple bonds cleavage and recombination.

Runoff variation alters estuarine sediment microbiome and nitrogen removal processes by affecting salinity.

Runoff variations shape the dynamics of the estuarine environmental factors, profoundly influencing the nitrogen cycle in estuarine sediments. However, our understanding of how these changes regulate microbially-mediated nitrogen removal processes remains limited. In this study, the impacts of changes in environmental factors caused by normal and low runoffs on denitrification and anammox in sediments of the Liao River Estuary in China, were investigated, using continuous-flow experiments combined with 15N tracing techniques and molecular methods. Results indicated that denitrification was the main nitrogen removal process in estuarine sediments under both runoff conditions. Elevated salinity under low runoff condition increased the abundance of nitrifying bacteria (Nitrospina, Nitrosomonas and Nitrosomonadaceae), thereby promoting the coupled nitrification-denitrification nitrogen removal process. Furthermore, seawater intrusion under low runoff contributed to dilute nitrite concentrations, resulting in decreased denitrification rates in sediments. Overall, this study highlighted the impacts of runoff variations on biological nitrogen removal process through affecting environmental factors, gene abundance and microbial community in the estuary.

Enhancing the Reaction Kinetics and Stability of Co-Free Li-Rich Cathode Materials via a Multifunctional Strategy.

Co-free Li-rich layered oxides (CFLLOs) with anionic redox activity are among the most promising cathode materials for high-energy-density and low-cost lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). However, irreversible oxygen release often causes severe structural deterioration, electrolyte decomposition, and the formation of unstable cathode-electrolyte interface (CEI) film with high impedance. Additionally, the elimination of cobalt elements further deteriorates the reaction kinetics, leading to reduced capacity and poor rate performance. Here, a multifunctional strategy is proposed, incorporating Li2MnO3 phase content regulation, micro-nano structure design, and heteroatom substitution. The increased content of Li2MnO3 phase enhances the capacity through oxygen redox. The smaller nanoscale primary particles induce greater tensile strain and introduce more grain boundaries, thereby improving the reaction kinetics and reactivity, while the larger micron-sized secondary particles help to reduce interfacial side reactions. Furthermore, Na⁺ doping modulates the local coordination environment of oxygen, stabilizing both the anion framework and the crystal structure. As a result, the designed cathode exhibits enhanced rate performance, delivering a capacity of 158 mAh g⁻¹ at 5.0 C and improved cyclic stability, with a high capacity retention of 99% after 400 cycles at 1.0 C. This multifunctional strategy holds great promise for advancing the practical application of CFLLOs in next-generation LIBs.

Unleashing AdipoRon's Potential: A Fresh Approach to Tackle Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infections in Bronchiectasis via Sphingosine Metabolism Modulation.

Purpose: Bronchiectasis patients are prone to Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection due to decreased level of sphingosine in airway. Adiponectin receptor agonist AdipoRon activates the intrinsic ceramidase activity of adiponectin receptor 1 (AdipoR1) and positively regulates sphingosine metabolism. This study aimed to investigate the potential therapeutic benefit of AdipoRon against Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. Methods: A mouse model of Pseudomonas aeruginosa lung infection and a co-culture model of human bronchial epithelial cells with Pseudomonas aeruginosa were established to explore the protective effect of AdipoRon. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to detect the effect of AdipoRon on sphingosine level in lung of Pseudomonas aeruginosa-infected mouse models. Results: The down-regulation of adiponectin and AdipoR1 in airway of bronchiectasis patients was linked to Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. By activating AdipoR1, AdipoRon reduced Pseudomonas aeruginosa adherence on bronchial epithelial cells and protected cilia from damage in vitro. With the treatment of AdipoRon, the load of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in lung significantly decreased, and peribronchial inflammatory cell infiltration was lessened in vivo. The reduced level of sphingosine in the airway of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infected mice was replenished by AdipoRon, thus playing a protective role in the airway. Moreover, AdipoRon activated P-AMPKα/PGC1α, inhibited TLR4/P-NF-κB p65, and reduced expression of pro-apoptotic bax. However, the protective effect of AdipoRon on resisting Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection was weakened when AdipoR1 was knocked down. Conclusion: AdipoRon protects bronchial epithelial cells and lung by enhancing their resistance to Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. The mechanism might be modulating sphingosine metabolism and activating P-AMPKα/PGC1α while inhibiting TLR4/P-NF-κB p65.

Elucidating and forecasting the organochlorine pesticides in suspended particulate matter by a two-stage decomposition based interpretable deep learning approach.

Accurately predicting the concentration of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) presents a challenge due to their complex sources and environmental behaviors. In this study, we introduced a novel and advanced model that combined the power of three distinct techniques: Complete Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition with Adaptive Noise (CEEMDAN), Variational Mode Decomposition (VMD), and a deep learning network of Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM). The objective is to characterize the variation in OCPs concentrations with high precision. Results show that the hybrid two-stage decomposition coupled models achieved an average symmetric mean absolute percentage error (SMAPE) of 23.24 % in the empirical analysis of typical surface water. It exhibited higher predictive power than the given individual benchmark models, which yielded an average SMAPE of 40.88 %, and single decomposition coupled models with an average SMAPE of 29.80 %. The proposed CEEMDAN-VMD-LSTM model, with an average SMAPE of 13.55 %, consistently outperformed the other models, yielding an average SMAPE of 33.53 %. A comparative analysis with shallow neural network methods demonstrated the advantages of the LSTM algorithm when coupled with secondary decomposition techniques for processing time series datasets. Furthermore, the interpretable analysis derived by the SHAP approach revealed that precipitation followed by the total phosphorus had strong effects on the predicted concentration of OCPs in the given water. The data presented herein shows the effectiveness of decomposition technique-based deep learning algorithms in capturing the dynamic characteristics of pollutants in surface water.

ResNet diagnosis of rotor faults in oil transfer pumps.

To address rotor imbalance and misalignment in oil transfer pumps, an innovative diagnostic framework using Residual Network (ResNet) is proposed. The model incorporates advanced signal processing algorithms and strategic sensor placement to enhance diagnostic efficacy. A fault simulation test rig captured vibration signals from eight key measurement points on the pump. One-dimensional and multi-dimensional signal processing techniques generated comprehensive datasets for training and validating the model. Sensor placement optimization, focusing on the bearing seat's axial direction, inlet flange's vertical direction, and outlet flange's axial direction, increased rotor fault sensitivity. Time-frequency data processed via Short-Time Fourier Transform (STFT) achieved the highest diagnostic accuracy, surpassing 98 %. This study highlights the importance of optimal signal processing and precise sensor placement in improving the accuracy of diagnosing rotor faults in oil transfer pumps, thus enhancing the operational reliability and efficiency of energy transportation systems.

Design of MEMS Pressure Sensor Anti-Interference System Based on Filtering and PID Compensation.

Due to the inherent temperature drift and lack of static stability in traditional pressure sensors, which make it difficult for them to meet the increasing demands of various industries, this paper designs a new system. The proposed system integrates temperature measurement and regulation circuits, signal processing, and communication circuits to accurately acquire and transmit pressure sensor data. The system designs a filtering algorithm to filter the original data and develops a data-fitting operation to achieve error compensation of the static characteristics. In order to eliminate the temperature drift problem of the sensor system, the system also adopts an improved PID thermostatic control algorithm to compensate for the temperature drift. Finally, it can also transmit the processed pressure data remotely. The experimental results show that the nonlinear error at 50 °C is reduced from the initial 1.82% to 0.24%; the hysteresis error is significantly reduced from 1.23% to 0.046%; and the repeatability error control is reduced from 3.79% to 0.89%. By compensating for thermal drift, the system's thermal sensitivity drift coefficient is reduced by 74.67%, the thermal zero drift coefficient is reduced by 66.24%, and the wireless communication range is up to 1km. The above significant optimization results fully validate the high accuracy and stability of the system, which is perfectly suited for demanding pressure measurement applications.

Single-Cell Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals Dynamic Cellular Processes in Corneal Epithelium During Wound Healing in Cynomolgus Monkeys.

Purpose: Corneal wounding healing is critical for maintaining clear vision, however, a complete understanding of its dynamic regulatory mechanisms remains elusive. Here, we used single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) to analyze the cellular activities and transcriptional changes of corneal limbal epithelial cells at different stages after wound healing in cynomolgus monkeys, which exhibit a closer transcriptomic similarity to humans. Methods: Corneal limbal tissues were collected during uninjured, 1-day and 3-day healing stages, dissociated into single cells, and subjected to scRNA-seq using the 10× Genomics platform. Cell types were clustered by graph-based visualization methods and unbiased computational analysis. Additionally, cell migration assays and immunofluorescent staining were performed on cultured human corneal epithelial cells. Results: We characterized nine cell clusters by scRNA-seq analysis of the cynomolgus monkey corneal epithelium. By comparing heterogeneous transcriptional changes in major cell types during corneal healing, we highlighted the importance of limbal epithelial cells (LEPCs) and basal epithelial cells (BEPCs) in extracellular matrix (ECM) formation and wound healing, as well as suprabasal epithelial cells (SEPCs) in epithelial differentiation during the healing processes. We further identified five different sub-clusters in LEPC, including the transit amplifying cell (TAC) sub-cluster that promotes early healing through the activation of thrombospondin-1 (THBS1) expression. Conclusions: Our study represents the first comprehensive exploration of the detailed transcriptome profile of individual corneal cells during the wound healing process in nonhuman primates. We demonstrate the intricate mechanisms involved in corneal healing and provide a promising avenue for potential therapies in corneal wound healing.

SPP1+ TAM Regulates the Metastatic Colonization of CXCR4+ Metastasis-Associated Tumor Cells by Remodeling the Lymph Node Microenvironment.

Lymph node metastasis, the initial step in distant metastasis, represents a primary contributor to mortality in patients diagnosed with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). However, the underlying mechanisms of lymph node metastasis in OSCC remain incompletely understood. Here, the transcriptomes of 56 383 single cells derived from paired tissues of six OSCC patients are analyzed. This study founds that CXCR4+ epithelial cells, identified as highly malignant disseminated tumor cells (DTCs), exhibited a propensity for lymph node metastasis. Importantly, a distinct subset of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) characterized by exclusive expression of phosphoprotein 1 (SPP1) is discovered. These TAMs may remodel the metastatic lymph node microenvironment by potentially activating fibroblasts and promoting T cell exhaustion through SPP1-CD44 and CD155-CD226 ligand-receptor interactions, thereby facilitating colonization and proliferation of disseminated tumor cells. The research advanced the mechanistic understanding of metastatic tumor microenvironment (TME) and provided a foundation for the development of personalized treatments for OSCC patients with metastasis.