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BACKGROUND: Maxillary sinus septa, which are bony structures dividing the sinus cavity, can pose challenges during sinus lift or implant surgeries by potentially causing perforation of the Schneiderian membrane. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence, height, location, orientation, and risk of perforation of the maxillary sinus septa using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). MATERIALS AND METHODS: This retrospective, cross-sectional study utilized CBCT (NewTom CBCT machine, of which the scan parameters were 90 KvP, 8 mAs, and 14 s exposure with a field of view (FOV) of 8×8 cm and a 0.2 mm3 voxel size) images of 300 maxillary sinuses from patients aged >18 years, obtained from Swami Devi Dyal Hospital and Dental College in Panchkula, India. Scans were analyzed for the presence, height, location, orientation, and risk of septal perforation. The data were categorized based on age, sex, and dentition status. Statistical analyses were performed to assess the prevalence, configuration, and risk factors. RESULTS: The prevalence of maxillary sinus septa was 21.33%, with the majority showing a single septum (90.63%). Septa were predominantly found in the middle region (48.44%), with bucco-palatal orientation (93.75%) being more common than anteroposterior. The mean septa height was 6.16 mm. The perforation was classified as moderate (48.4%), low (46.8%), or high (4.6%). Class III septa were associated with the highest risk of perforation. CONCLUSION: This study highlights a significant prevalence of maxillary sinus septa with variations in height, orientation, and location. The risk of perforation varies with the septa configuration and orientation. CBCT is essential for identifying these anatomical features to minimize surgical complications and to guide preoperative planning.
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INTRODUCTION: The assessment of sagittal skeletal dysplasia is crucial for accurate diagnosis and treatment planning, thus necessitating a thorough evaluation. A novel cephalometric parameter, known as the Zeta angle, was proposed in this study for the evaluation of the maxillomandibular relationship in the sagittal plane. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This observational study was carried out using 291 pre-treatment lateral cephalograms of participants aged between 15 and 25 years, categorized into skeletal class I, II, and III relationships based on Wits appraisal, ANB angle, and Beta angle. The individuals reported to the Department of Orthodontics from January 2021 to October 2023, Manav Rachna Dental College, Manav Rachna International Institute of Research and Studies, Faridabad. The Zeta angle was constructed using three skeletal reference points as point Pt (pterygoid), point M (center of premaxilla), and point Pm (suprapogonion) and was measured perpendicular to point M on the Pt-Pm line and the M-Pm line to determine the severity and type of maxillomandibular discrepancy in the sagittal plane. Statistical tests were used to obtain the mean values for the Zeta angle. Analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by the Bonferroni post-hoc test, was used to assess skeletal differences between the groups. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of this angle. RESULTS: The results indicated that a Zeta angle between 57° and 64° had a class I skeletal jaw pattern, a Zeta angle less than 57° indicated a class II skeletal jaw pattern, and a Zeta angle greater than 64° indicated a class III skeletal jaw pattern. ROC curves showed that a Zeta angle less than 57.5° had 80% sensitivity and 82.5% specificity in distinguishing class II from the class I subset. A Zeta angle greater than 64.5° has a sensitivity and specificity of 92.5% in distinguishing class III from the class I subset. CONCLUSION: The Zeta angle may serve as an additional diagnostic tool for the reliable determination of sagittal jaw relationships due to its establishment based on stable anatomical points, thus remaining unaffected by jaw rotations and orthodontic treatments.
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Herbal medication still happens to be the backbone of the major world's population essentially because of the assumption that these drugs are free of any side effects and easily available. LongoVital (LV) is a herbal preparation with documented immune-modulatory and immune-stimulatory effects in man. Various studies conducted to date, have shown LV to have prolonged and beneficial impact in the treatment of orofacial diseases, when administered in recommended daily doses. With its combined antimicrobial and immunostimulatory effects, LV can be regarded as an emerging therapeutic modality in the treatment of orofacial diseases.
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Rhinocerebral mucormycosis is a fulminant fungal infection of the nose and paranasal sinuses in immunocompromised patients. But mucormycosis following dental manipulation in immunocompetent patients leading to orbital involvement is rare. The objective of this study was to highlight the variable presentations of mucormycosis. We had two immunocompetent patients, who had undergone some dental treatment by quacks, later developed fulminant mucormycosis of the paranasal sinuses and blindness. The endoscopic sinus surgery and Amphotericin B chemotherapy resulted in a good outcome. This disease requires an aggressive approach of combined endoscopic sinus surgery and Amphotericin B to increase the chances of survival in these patients.