Burden of tuberculosis and its association with socio-economic development status in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019.

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) always runs in the forefront of the global burden when it comes to infectious diseases. Tuberculosis, which can lead to impairment of quality of life, financial hardship, discrimination, marginalization, and social barriers, is a major public health problem. The assessment of TB burden and trend can provide crucial information for policy decision and planning, and help countries in the world to achieve the goal of sustainable development of ending the epidemic of TB in 2030. Methods: All data are from the Global Burden of Disease 2019 (GBD 2019) database, which analyzed the burden trend of age-standardized incidence, DALYs, and deaths rate in TB and HIV/AIDS-infected TB over the past 30 years. Also, GBD 2019 not only analyzed the burden distribution of TB in 204 countries and main regions of the world but also analyzed the relationship between the burden of global TB and the socio-demographic Index (SDI). Results: The age-standardized incidence, age-standardized disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), and age-standardized deaths rate for HIV-negative TB were 10,671.45 (9,395.60-12,194.10), 59,042.45 (53,684.78-64,641.53), and 1,463.62 (1,339.24-1,602.71) (95% CI, per 100,000 person-years) in 2019, respectively. Age-standardized incidence, age-standardized DALYs, and age-standardized deaths rate of HIV/AIDS-XDR-TB (95% CI, per 1,000 person-years) were 2.10 (1.51-2.90), 64.23 (28.64-117.74), and 1.01 (0.42-1.86), respectively. We found that TB is inversely proportional to SDI, the age-standardized incidence, DALYs, and deaths rate low burden countries were in high SDI areas, while high burden countries were in low SDI areas. The global TB showed a slow decline trend, but the age-standardized incidence of HIV-positive TB was increasing, and mainly distributed in sub-Saharan Africa. Conclusion: Age-standardized incidence, age-standardized DALYs, and age-standardized deaths rate of TB is related to SDI, and the burden of low SDI countries is lighter than that of high SDI countries. Without effective measures, it will be difficult for countries around the world to achieve the goal of ending the TB epidemic by 2030. Effective control of the spread of TB requires concerted efforts from all countries in the world, especially in the countries with low SDI, which need to improve the diagnosis and preventive measures of TB and improve the control of HIV/AIDS-TB.

Effects of the long and short isoforms of TIPE3 on the growth and metastasis of gastric cancer.

Tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced protein 8-like 3 (TIPE3, also known as TNFAIP8L3) plays a vital role in tumorigenesis and development. However, it is unclear whether the two transcript variants of TIPE3 (long TIPE3 and short TIPE3) have an effect on the proliferation and metastasis of gastric cancer (GC). In this study, we demonstrated that the expression of TIPE3 decreased in GC, but patient prognosis worsened as TIPE3 expression increased. Then, overexpression models were constructed to study the role of long TIPE3 and short TIPE3. Upregulation of long TIPE3 and short TIPE3 promoted GC cell proliferation and metastasis both in vitro and in vivo, and the effect of short TIPE3 was more obvious. Further studies demonstrated that long TIPE3 and short TIPE3 promoted proliferation and metastasis of GC cells vis PI3K/Akt pathway. In conclusion, the two TIPE3 isoforms play an important role in the tumorigenesis of GC and depend on the activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway.

Associations of the IL-17A rs2275913 and IL-17F rs763780 polymorphisms with the risk of digestive system neoplasms: A meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE: To clarify the associations between the IL-17A rs2275913 and IL-17F rs763780 polymorphisms and the risk of digestive system neoplasms. METHODS: An internet search was used to identify relevant articles from CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, PubMed, EMBASE and Elsevier up to December 2017. The meta-analysis was performed using Stata 11.0 software. RESULTS: Twenty-three studies were included. Among these, 21 studies with 6978 cases and 8000 controls were related to IL-17A rs2275913, while 18 studies that included 5073 cases and 6040 controls were related to IL-17F rs763780. The meta-analysis results demonstrated that the overall effects of the two polymorphisms were significantly different (P < 0.05) in the allele model, dominant model, recessive model and codominant model. Subgroup analysis showed that both polymorphisms were significantly associated with susceptibility to gastric cancer but not with hepatocellular carcinoma or colorectal cancer. In the ethnicity analysis, these two polymorphisms were associated with Asian populations but not with Caucasians. Similar results were observed in the hospital-based and population-based control subgroups. CONCLUSIONS: The IL-17A rs2275913 and IL-17F rs763780 polymorphisms were associated with susceptibility to digestive system neoplasms.