RESUMEN
Type III protein secretion has been shown recently to be important in the virulence of the fish pathogen Aeromonas salmonicida. The ADP-ribosylating toxin Aeromonas exoenzyme T (AexT) is one effector protein targeted for secretion via this system. In this study, we identified muscular and nonmuscular actin as substrates of the ADP-ribosylating activity of AexT. Furthermore, we show that AexT also functions as a GTPase-activating protein (GAP), displaying GAP activity against monomeric GTPases of the Rho family, specifically Rho, Rac, and Cdc42. Transfection of fish cells with wild type AexT resulted in depolymerization of the actin cytoskeleton and cell rounding. Point mutations within either the GAP or the ADP-ribosylating active sites of AexT (Arg-143 as well as Glu-398 and Glu-401, respectively) abolished enzymatic activity, yet did not prevent actin filament depolymerization. However, inactivation of the two catalytic sites simultaneously did. These results suggest that both the GAP and ADP-ribosylating domains of AexT contribute to its biological activity. This is the first bacterial virulence factor to be described that has a specific actin ADP-ribosylation activity and GAP activity toward Rho, Rac, and Cdc42, both enzymatic activities contributing to actin filament depolymerization.
Asunto(s)
ADP Ribosa Transferasas/metabolismo , Citoesqueleto de Actina/metabolismo , Actinas/metabolismo , Aeromonas salmonicida/enzimología , Proteínas Bacterianas/metabolismo , Toxinas Bacterianas/metabolismo , Proteínas de Peces/metabolismo , ADP Ribosa Transferasas/genética , Citoesqueleto de Actina/genética , Actinas/genética , Aeromonas salmonicida/genética , Aeromonas salmonicida/patogenicidad , Animales , Proteínas Bacterianas/genética , Toxinas Bacterianas/genética , Chlorocebus aethiops , Cyprinidae , Proteínas de Peces/genética , Mutación Puntual , Especificidad por Sustrato , Células Vero , Proteína de Unión al GTP cdc42/genética , Proteína de Unión al GTP cdc42/metabolismo , Proteínas de Unión al GTP rac/genética , Proteínas de Unión al GTP rac/metabolismoRESUMEN
Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida contains a functional type III secretion system that is responsible for the secretion of the ADP-ribosylating toxin AexT. In this study, the authors identified AopP as a second effector protein secreted by this system. The aopP gene was detected in both typical and atypical A. salmonicida isolates and was found to be encoded on a small plasmid of approximately 6.4 kb. Sequence analysis indicates that AopP is a member of the YopJ family of effector proteins, a group of proteins that interfere with mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and/or nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB) signalling pathways. AopP inhibits the NF-kappaB pathway downstream of IkappaB kinase (IKK) activation, while a catalytically inactivated mutant, AopPC177A, does not possess this inhibitory effect. Unlike other effectors of the YopJ family, such as YopJ and VopA, AopP does not inhibit the MAPK signalling pathway.