Using Electronic Health Record Data to Determine the Safety of Aqueous Humor Liquid Biopsies for Molecular Analyses.

Purpose: Knowing the surgical safety of anterior chamber liquid biopsies will support the increased use of proteomics and other molecular analyses to better understand disease mechanisms and therapeutic responses in patients and clinical trials. Manual review of operative notes from different surgeons and procedures in electronic health records (EHRs) is cumbersome, but free-text software tools could facilitate efficient searches. Design: Retrospective case series. Participants: A total of 1418 aqueous humor liquid biopsies from patients undergoing intraocular surgery. Methods: Free-text EHR searches were performed using the Stanford Research Repository cohort discovery tool to identify complications associated with anterior chamber paracentesis and subsequent endophthalmitis. Complications of the surgery unrelated to the biopsy were not reviewed. Main Outcome Measures: Biopsy-associated intraoperative complications and endophthalmitis. Results: A total of 1418 aqueous humor liquid biopsies were performed by 17 experienced surgeons. EHR free-text searches were 100% error-free for surgical complications, >99% for endophthalmitis (<1% false positive), and >93.6% for anesthesia type, requiring manual review for only a limited number of cases. More than 85% of cases were performed under local anesthesia without ocular muscle akinesia. Although the most common indication was cataract (50.1%), other diagnoses included glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, uveitis, age-related macular degeneration, endophthalmitis, retinitis pigmentosa, and uveal melanoma. A 50- to 100-µL sample was collected in all cases using either a 30-gauge needle or a blunt cannula via a paracentesis. The median follow-up was >7 months. There was only one minor complication (0.07%) identified: a case of a small tear in Descemet membrane without long-term sequelae. No other complications occurred, including other corneal injuries, lens or iris trauma, hyphema, or suprachoroidal hemorrhage. There was no case of postoperative endophthalmitis. Conclusions: Anterior chamber liquid biopsy during intraocular surgery is a safe procedure and may be considered for large-scale collection of aqueous humor samples for molecular analyses. Free-text EHR searches are an efficient approach to reviewing intraoperative procedures. Financial Disclosures: Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found in the Footnotes and Disclosures at the end of this article.

Donor to recipient age matching in lung transplantation: A European experience.

BACKGROUND: The age profile of organ donors and patients on lung transplantation (LT) waiting lists have changed over time. In Europe, the donor population has aged much more rapidly than the recipient population, making allocation decisions on lungs from older donors common. In this study we assessed the impact of donor and recipient age discrepancy on LT outcomes in the UK and France. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of all adult single or bilateral LT in France and the UK between 2010 and 2021. Recipients were stratified into 3 age author groups: young (≤30 years), middle-aged (30-60) and older (≥60). Their donors were also stratified into 2 groups <60, ≥60. Primary graft dysfunction (PGD) rates and recipient survival was compared between matched and mismatched donor and recipient age groups. Propensity matching was employed to minimize covariate imbalances and to improve the internal validity of our results. RESULTS: Our study cohort was 4,696 lung transplant recipients (LTRs). In young and older LTRs, there was no significant difference in 1 and 5-year post-transplant survival dependent on the age category of the donor. Young LTRs who received older donor grafts had a higher risk of severe grade 3 PGD. CONCLUSION: Our findings show that clinically usable organs from older donors can be utilized safely in LT, even for younger recipients. Further research is needed to assess if the higher rate of PGD3 associated with use of older donors has an effect on long-term outcomes.

Analysis of substantiated welfare investigations in extensive farming systems in Victoria, Australia.

Substantiated incidents of poor welfare affecting cattle, sheep and goats (livestock) in non-dairy extensive farming systems continue to occur. This study sought to describe the common causes of poor welfare of livestock and the associated circumstances, by analysing 39 years of de-identified, livestock welfare investigation records. There were a total of 2179 alleged offenders (AOff), defined as individual/s that had an incident of poor welfare affecting livestock on at least one occasion. Approximately 27% of AOff were found to have poor welfare on more than one occasion. The majority of livestock welfare incidents were associated with neglect, more specifically, inadequate nutrition (56%), treatment (65%) and management/husbandry (83%). Records of malicious acts were rare (1%). In the analysis, cases were allocated to 10 animal welfare severity categories (AWSC) based on the number of incidents and visits, whether the AOff reoffended, or if the incident was ongoing and whether the welfare issue was likely to affect the whole herd. A significantly higher proportion of cases in the most severe AWSC had a failure to shear, mark, dip/drench, draft and wean/cull, were overstocked or were not providing proper and sufficient feed, compared to the least severe AWSC (P ≤ 0.05). Reoffending was significantly more likely when animals were found to be injured/unwell, recumbent, stuck in mud/yard/pen or in poor body condition, or when there was a failure to wean/cull, mark, dip/drench and draft. Some of the issues identified here may be risk factors more commonly identified on farms with poor livestock welfare.

Person-specific and pooled prediction models for binge eating, alcohol use and binge drinking in bulimia nervosa and alcohol use disorder.

BACKGROUND: Machine learning could predict binge behavior and help develop treatments for bulimia nervosa (BN) and alcohol use disorder (AUD). Therefore, this study evaluates person-specific and pooled prediction models for binge eating (BE), alcohol use, and binge drinking (BD) in daily life, and identifies the most important predictors. METHODS: A total of 120 patients (BN: 50; AUD: 51; BN/AUD: 19) participated in an experience sampling study, where over a period of 12 months they reported on their eating and drinking behaviors as well as on several other emotional, behavioral, and contextual factors in daily life. The study had a burst-measurement design, where assessments occurred eight times a day on Thursdays, Fridays, and Saturdays in seven bursts of three weeks. Afterwards, person-specific and pooled models were fit with elastic net regularized regression and evaluated with cross-validation. From these models, the variables with the 10% highest estimates were identified. RESULTS: The person-specific models had a median AUC of 0.61, 0.80, and 0.85 for BE, alcohol use, and BD respectively, while the pooled models had a median AUC of 0.70, 0.90, and 0.93. The most important predictors across the behaviors were craving and time of day. However, predictors concerning social context and affect differed among BE, alcohol use, and BD. CONCLUSIONS: Pooled models outperformed person-specific models and the models for alcohol use and BD outperformed those for BE. Future studies should explore how the performance of these models can be improved and how they can be used to deliver interventions in daily life.

Frequency of deployed emergency donor panel use prior to implementation of the low titre group O whole blood program.

INTRODUCTION: The US military has frequently used a 'walking blood bank', formally known as an 'emergency donor panel' (EDP) to obtain warm fresh whole blood (WFWB) which is then immediately transfused into the casualty. We describe the frequency of EDP activation by the US military. METHODS: We analysed data from 2007 to 2015 within the Department of Defense Trauma Registry for US, Coalition and US contractor casualties that received at least 1 unit of blood product within the first 24 hours and described the frequency of WFWB use. RESULTS: There were 3474 casualties that met inclusion, of which, 290 casualties (8%) required activation of the EDP. The highest proportion of EDP events was in 2014, whereas the highest number of EDP events was in 2011. Median injury severity scores were higher in the recipients, compared with non-EDP recipients (29 vs 20), as were proportions with serious injuries to the abdomen (43% vs 19%) and extremities (77% vs 65%). The median number of units of all blood products, except for packed red blood cells, was higher for WFWB recipients. Of the WFWB recipients, the median was 5 units (IQR 2-10) with a maximum documented 144 units. There were four documented cases of EDP recipients receiving >100 units of WFWB with only one surviving to hospital discharge. During the study period, there were a total of 3102 (3%) units of WFWB transfused among a total of 104 288 total units. CONCLUSIONS: We found nearly 1 in 11 casualties who received blood required activation of the EDP. Blood from the EDP accounted for 3% of all units transfused. These findings will enable future mission planning and medical training, especially for units with smaller, limited blood supplies. The lessons learned here can also enable mass casualty planning in civilian settings.

Sociodemographic profile, health-related behaviours and experiences of healthcare access in Italian transgender and gender diverse adult population.

PURPOSE: Information on the general health of transgender and gender diverse (TGD) individuals continues to be lacking. To bridge this gap, the National Institute of Health in Italy together with the National Office against Racial Discriminations, clinical centres, and TGD organizations carried out a cross-sectional study to define the sociodemographic profile, health-related behaviours, and experiences of healthcare access in Italian TGD adult population. METHODS: A national survey was conducted by Computer-Assisted Web Interviewing (CAWI) technique. Collected data were compared within the TGD subgroups and between TGD people and the Italian general population (IGP). RESULTS: TGD respondents were 959: 65% assigned female at birth (AFAB) and 35% assigned male at birth (AMAB). 91.8% and 8.2% were binary and non-binary TGD respondents, respectively. More than 20% of the TGD population reported to be unemployed with the highest rate detectable in AMAB and non-binary people. Cigarette smoking and binge drinking were higher in the TGD population compared with IGP (p < 0.05), affecting TGD subgroups differently. A significant lower percentage of AFAB TGD people reported having had screening for cervical and breast cancer in comparison with AFAB IGP (p < 0.0001, in both cases). Over 40% was the percentage of AFAB and non-binary TGD people accessing healthcare who felt discriminated against because of their gender identity. CONCLUSIONS: Our results are a first step towards a better understanding of the health needs of TGD people in Italy in order to plan the best policy choices for a more inclusive public health.

High energy electron diffraction instrument with tunable camera length.

Ultrafast electron diffraction (UED) stands as a powerful technique for real-time observation of structural dynamics at the atomic level. In recent years, the use of MeV electrons from radio frequency guns has been widely adopted to take advantage of the relativistic suppression of the space charge effects that otherwise limit the temporal resolution of the technique. Nevertheless, there is not a clear choice for the optimal energy for a UED instrument. Scaling to beam energies higher than a few MeV does pose significant technical challenges, mainly related to the inherent increase in diffraction camera length associated with the smaller Bragg angles. In this study, we report a solution by using a compact post-sample magnetic optical system to magnify the diffraction pattern from a crystal Au sample illuminated by an 8.2 MeV electron beam. Our method employs, as one of the lenses of the optical system, a triplet of compact, high field gradients (>500 T/m), small-gap (3.5 mm) Halbach permanent magnet quadrupoles. Shifting the relative position of the quadrupoles, we demonstrate tuning the magnification by more than a factor of two, a 6× improvement in camera length, and reciprocal space resolution better than 0.1 Å-1 in agreement with beam transport simulations.

Estimate and needs of the transgender adult population: the SPoT study.

BACKGROUND: Despite the increasing interest in transgender health research, to date little is known about the size of the transgender and gender diverse (TGD) population. METHODS: A web-based questionnaire survey was developed, including a collection of socio-demographic characteristics and disseminated online through social media. Gender incongruence was evaluated by using a 2-item approach assessing gender recorded at birth and gender identity. The primary objective of the present population-based study was to estimate the proportion of TGD people across ages among a large sample of people who answered a web-based survey. The secondary endpoints were to identify gender-affirming needs and possible barriers to healthcare access. RESULTS: A total of 19,572 individuals participated in the survey, of whom 7.7% reported a gender identity different from the sex recorded at birth. A significantly higher proportion of TGD people was observed in the youngest group of participants compared with older ones. Among TGD people who participated in the study, 58.4% were nonbinary, and 49.1% experienced discrimination in accessing health care services. Nonbinary TGD participants reported both the need for legal name and gender change, along with hormonal and surgical interventions less frequently compared to binary persons. CONCLUSIONS: Being TGD is not a marginal condition In Italy. A large proportion of TGD persons may not need medical and surgical treatments. TGD people often experience barriers to healthcare access relating to gender identity.

Descriptive epidemiology of smothering in Australian commercial free-range layer hen farms.

Since the early 2000 s the practice of free-range egg production has increased in developed countries, partly driven by consumer perception that free-range housing is better for hen welfare. While poultry in free-range systems have more behavioural opportunities compared with poultry in caged systems, free-range systems are associated with greater frequencies of infectious disease, predation and 'smothering', a condition where birds pile on top of one another with death occurring due to suffocation. Although the frequency of smothering deaths in Australian free-range layer poultry is anecdotally high, there is a lack of empirical evidence quantifying smothering cause-specific mortality rates and identifying factors that place birds at higher risk of death from smothering. This was a prospective cohort study of poultry flocks managed by three commercial free-range layer organisations in Eastern Australia. Flocks were enrolled into the study from 1 January 2019 to 29 March 2021 and were followed until the end of lay or until the end of the study on 31 March 2022, whichever occurred first. Throughout the follow-up period flock managers provided production details for each flock and details of smothering events using custom-designed logbooks.A total of 84 flocks were enrolled in the study: 32 from Organisation 1, 35 from Organisation 2 and 17 from Organisation 3. The number of birds per flock ranged from 16,000 to 45,000. The total mortality rate was 1131 deaths per 10,000 bird-years. Smothering mortality rate across the three organisations was 183 (minimum 133, maximum 223) deaths per 10,000 bird-years at risk. Smothering accounted for around 16% (minimum 9%, maximum 22%) of all deaths.We identified no distinctive temporal pattern in daily smothering risk as a function of either the number of days since placement or calendar date. The locations of smothering events in sheds and in the outdoor range were not consistent, with relatively large numbers of smothering events occurring in specific locations for some sheds but not others. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the largest prospective study of smothering mortality in commercial free-range layer flocks conducted to date. Estimates of smothering incidence rate and how that varies within and between flocks and organisations over time provides a critically important benchmark for further investigations into this substantial area of productivity loss.

Wildfire-related smoke inhalation worsens cardiovascular risk in sleep disrupted rats.

Introduction: As a lifestyle factor, poor sleep status is associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality and may be influenced by environmental stressors, including air pollution. Methods: To determine whether exposure to air pollution modified cardiovascular effects of sleep disruption, we evaluated the effects of single or repeated (twice/wk for 4 wks) inhalation exposure to eucalyptus wood smoke (ES; 964 µg/m3 for 1 h), a key wildland fire air pollution source, on mild sleep loss in the form of gentle handling in rats. Blood pressure (BP) radiotelemetry and echocardiography were evaluated along with assessments of lung and systemic inflammation, cardiac and hypothalamic gene expression, and heart rate variability (HRV), a measure of cardiac autonomic tone. Results and Discussion: GH alone disrupted sleep, as evidenced by active period-like locomotor activity, and increases in BP, heart rate (HR), and hypothalamic expression of the circadian gene Per2. A single bout of sleep disruption and ES, but neither alone, increased HR and BP as rats transitioned into their active period, a period aligned with a critical early morning window for stroke risk in humans. These responses were immediately preceded by reduced HRV, indicating increased cardiac sympathetic tone. In addition, only sleep disrupted rats exposed to ES had increased HR and BP during the final sleep disruption period. These rats also had increased cardiac output and cardiac expression of genes related to adrenergic function, and regulation of vasoconstriction and systemic blood pressure one day after final ES exposure. There was little evidence of lung or systemic inflammation, except for increases in serum LDL cholesterol and alanine aminotransferase. These results suggest that inhaled air pollution increases sleep perturbation-related cardiovascular risk, potentially in part by increased sympathetic activity.

Chemical availability of fallout radionuclides in cryoconite.

Atmospheric deposition on glaciers is a major source of legacy fallout radionuclides (FRNs) accumulating in cryoconite, a dark granular material with surface properties that efficiently bind FRN contaminants (specifically 137Cs; 210Pb; 241Am). Cryoconite-bound FRNs in glaciers can be released when they interact with and are transported by glacial meltwater, resulting in the discharge of amassed particulate contaminants into aquatic and terrestrial environments downstream. The environmental consequences of FRN release from the cryosphere are poorly understood, including impacts of cryoconite-sourced FRNs for alpine food chains. Consequently, there is limited understanding of potential health risks to humans and animals associated with the consumption of radiologically-contaminated meltwater. To assess the chemical availability of cryoconite-adsorbed FRNs we used a three-stage sequential chemical extraction method, applied to cryoconite samples from glaciers in Sweden and Iceland, with original FRN activity concentrations up to 3300 Bq kg-1 for 137Cs, 10,950 Bq kg-1 for unsupported 210Pb (210Pbun) and 24.1 Bq kg-1 for 241Am, and orders of magnitude above regional backgrounds. Our results demonstrate that FRNs attached to cryoconite are solubilized to different degrees, resulting in a stage-wise release of 210Pbun involving significant stepwise solubilization, while 137Cs and 241Am tend to be retained more in the particulate phase. This work provides an insight into the vulnerability of pristine glacial environments to the mobilization of FRN-contaminated particles released during glacier melting, and their potential impact on glacial-dependent ecology.

Yield of brain MRI in children with autism spectrum disorder.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a common neurodevelopmental condition. The American Academy of Paediatrics and American Academy of Neurology do not recommend routine brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the assessment of ASD. The need for a brain MRI should be decided on atypical features in the clinical history and examination. However, many physicians continue to use brain MRI routinely in the assessment process. We performed a retrospective review of indications for requesting brain MRI in our institution over a 5-year period. The aim was to identify the yield of MRI in children with ASD and calculate the prevalence of significant neuroimaging abnormalities in children with ASD and identify clinical indications for neuroimaging. One hundred eighty-one participants were analysed. An abnormal brain MRI was identified in 7.2% (13/181). Abnormal brain MRI was more likely with an abnormal neurological examination (OR 33.1, p = 0.001) or genetic/metabolic abnormality (OR 20, p = 0.02). In contrast, abnormal MRI was not shown to be more likely in children with a variety of other indications such as behavioural issues and developmental delay.      Conclusion: Thus, our findings support that MRI should not be a routine investigation in ASD, without additional findings. The decision to arrange brain MRI should be made on a case-by-case basis following careful evaluation of potential risks and benefits. The impact of any findings on the management course of the child should be considered prior to arranging imaging. What is Known: • Incidental brain MRI findings are common in children with and without ASD. • Many children with ASD undergo brain MRI in the absence of neurological comorbidities. What is New: • Brain MRI abnormalities in ASD are more likely with an abnormal neurological examination and genetic or metabolic conditions. • Prevalence of significant brain MRI abnormalities in ASD alone is low.

The evolving use of measurable residual disease in chronic lymphocytic leukemia clinical trials.

Measurable residual disease (MRD) status in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), assessed on and after treatment, correlates with increased progression-free and overall survival benefit. More recently, MRD assessment has been included in large clinical trials as a primary outcome and is increasingly used in routine practice as a prognostic tool, a therapeutic goal, and potentially a trigger for early intervention. Modern therapy for CLL delivers prolonged remissions, causing readout of traditional trial outcomes such as progression-free and overall survival to be inherently delayed. This represents a barrier for the rapid incorporation of novel drugs to the overall therapeutic armamentarium. MRD offers a dynamic and robust platform for the assessment of treatment efficacy in CLL, complementing traditional outcome measures and accelerating access to novel drugs. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of recent major clinical trials of CLL therapy, focusing on small-molecule inhibitors and monoclonal antibody combinations that have recently emerged as the standard frontline and relapse treatment options. We explore the assessment and reporting of MRD (including novel techniques) and the challenges of standardization and provide a comprehensive review of the relevance and adequacy of MRD as a clinical trial endpoint. We further discuss the impact that MRD data have on clinical decision-making and how it can influence a patient's experience. Finally, we evaluate how upcoming trial design and clinical practice are evolving in the face of MRD-driven outcomes.

Maximizing organs for donation: the potential for ex situ normothermic machine perfusion.

Currently, there is a shortfall in the number of suitable organs available for transplant resulting in a high number of patients on the active transplant waiting lists worldwide. To address this shortfall and increase the utilization of donor organs, the acceptance criteria for donor organs is gradually expanding including increased use of organs from donation after circulatory death. Use of such extended criteria donors and exposure of organs to more prolonged periods of warm or cold ischaemia also increases the risk of primary graft dysfunction occurring. Normothermic machine perfusion (NMP) offers a unique opportunity to objectively assess donor organ function outside the donor body and potentially recondition those deemed unsuitable on initial evaluation prior to implantation in the recipient. Furthermore, NMP provides a platform to support the use of established and novel therapeutics delivered directly to the organ, without the need to worry about potential deleterious 'off-target' side effects typically considered when treating the whole patient. This review will explore some of the novel therapeutics currently being added to perfusion platforms during NMP experimentally in an attempt to improve organ function and post-transplant outcomes.

Effects of hormonal treatment on dermatological outcome in transgender people: a multicentric prospective study (ENIGI).

PURPOSE: The aim of our study was to assess dermatological changes in transgender people after the start of gender-affirming hormonal treatment (GAHT) and to investigate whether various hormonal preparations differently affect dermatological changes in trans AFAB (assigned female at birth) people. METHODS: In a multicenter prospective study, 484 participants (193 assigned male at birth/AMAB and 291 AFAB) were evaluated at baseline (T0), 6 (T1) and 12 months (T2) after the start of GAHT. Hair growth was assessed by the Ferriman-Gallwey (FG) score, acne by the Global Acne Grading Scale (GAGS), and alopecia by the Norwood Hamilton (NH) score. RESULTS: In AFAB people, a significant increase in FG score and NH grade was observed across time, as well as in GAGS score in a subsample of 71 individuals (p < 0.001). Testosterone (T) undecanoate and esters showed a higher increase in hair distribution at T2 vs. T1 as compared to T gel (p < 0.01). T esters showed a significantly higher impact in GAGS score modifications at T1 and at T2 vs. T0 compared to T gel (p = 0.021 and p = 0.003, respectively). In trans AMAB people, a significant decrease of FG score was observed across time (p < 0.001), although 51.3% of individuals still reported an FG score higher than eight after 12 months. CONCLUSION: T treatment increased hair growth, acne and alopecia prevalence in AFAB people, with T undecanoate and esters influencing hair growth more than T gel. Opposite dermatological changes were observed in AMAB people.

Electro-optic sampling based characterization of broad-band high efficiency THz-FEL.

Extremely high beam-to-radiation energy conversion efficiencies can be obtained in a THz FEL using a strongly tapered helical undulator at the zero-slippage resonant condition, where a circular waveguide is used to match the radiation group velocity to the electron beam longitudinal velocity. In this paper we report on the first electro-optic sampling (EOS) based measurements of the broadband THz FEL radiation pulses emitted in this regime. The THz field waveforms are reconstructed in the spatial and temporal domains using multi-shot and single-shot EOS schemes respectively. The measurements are performed varying the input electron beam energy in the undulator providing insights on the complex dynamics in a waveguide FEL.

Apparent autistic traits in transgender people: a prospective study of the impact of gender-affirming hormonal treatment.

PURPOSE: We evaluated differences in Autism Spectrum Quotient (AQ) scores between a sample of hormone-naïve transgender and cisgender people and the impact of gender-affirming hormonal treatment (GAHT) on AQ scores across time. Furthermore, we assessed alexithymia and social anxiety as possible mediators of changes in AQ scores. METHODS: A cross-sectional comparison between cisgender and transgender people before GAHT and a prospective study on the effects of GAHT over time were performed. Transgender and cisgender people completed several psychometric tests. A total sample of 789 persons (n = 229 cismen; n = 172 ciswomen; n = 206 transmen; n = 182 transwomen) referring to the Florence and Rome Gender Clinics between 2018 and 2020 was enrolled. Of these, 62 participants referring to the Florence Gender Clinic were evaluated in a prospective study at baseline and 12 months after GAHT. RESULTS: Groups showed significant differences in terms of autistic traits: ciswomen showed lower scores of AQ, while cismen reported higher scores of AQ than all other groups. Transgender individuals showed significant higher levels of Gender Dysphoria (GD), body uneasiness, alexithymia and social anxiety, compared to cisgender ones. No significant differences in general psychopathology were found between groups. Across time, transmen and transwomen showed a significant reduction in AQ scores. The decrease in alexithymia and social anxiety after GAHT did not predict the change in AQ scores. CONCLUSIONS: The autistic traits in our sample may represent an epiphenomenon of GD rather than being part of an Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) condition, since they significantly decreased after 12 months of GAHT.

Hypersexuality as a tip of the iceberg of a primary psychopathology: a joined position statement of the Italian Society of Andrology and Sexual Medicine (SIAMS) and of the Italian Society of Psychopathology (SOPSI).

In the last years, hypersexual behavior has been broadly scientifically studied. The interest in this topic, belonging to psycho-sexology and sexual medicine, has been due to its still unclear aetiology, nature, and its manifestation in relationship with several organic and psychopathological conditions. So, the specialist (the psychologist, psychiatrist, endocrinologist, neurologist) may encounter some difficulties in diagnosing and managing this symptom. The first main objective of this position statement, which has been developed in collaboration between the Italian Society of Andrology and Sexual Medicine (SIAMS) and the Italian Society of Psychopathology (SOPSI) is to give to the reader evidence about the necessity to consider hypersexuality as a symptom related to another underlying condition. Following this consideration, the second main objective is to give specific statements, for the biopsychosocial assessment and the diagnosis of hypersexual behavior, developed on the basis of the most recent literature evidence. To develop a psycho-pharmacological treatment tailored on patients' needs, our suggestion is to assess the presence of specific comorbid psychopathological and organic conditions, and the impact of pharmacological treatments on the presence of an excess of sexual behavior. Finally, a suggestion of a standardized psychometric evaluation of hypersexuality will be given.

Prevalence of failure of passive immunity transfer in Australian non-replacement dairy calves.

Failure of passive immunity transfer (FPIT) increases the risk of morbidity and mortality in dairy calves. The prevalence of FPIT in dairy calves has generally been reported to be high, with FPIT estimated to occur in 38%-42% of Australian dairy calves. However, the focus of previous studies has been on replacement heifer calves. Our aim was to assess the prevalence of FPIT in Victorian bobby calves (non-replacement dairy calves). We collected blood samples from 3608 bobby calves at three abattoirs at exsanguination, and measured serum total protein as an indicator of passive transfer. We found that 36% of bobby calves showed evidence of FPIT (serum total protein ≤52 g/L), and 50% of calves had poor or fair passive transfer (<58 g/L). When a subset of calves (from farms with more than five calves in the dataset) was analysed using a linear mixed model, Jersey calves and crossbred/other calves had an estimated 5.3 g/L and 5.1 g/L higher serum total protein concentration, respectively, than Holstein-Friesian calves (P < 0.001). Our results suggest that the prevalence of FPIT in bobby calves at abattoirs is similar to that reported in dairy heifer calves sampled on farms. A high prevalence of FPIT has implications for bobby calf morbidity and mortality, as well as calf viability and profitability for dairy-beef production.