RESUMEN
Union win rates in the health care sector (October 1988 to September 1992) were significantly higher in multiple union elections, small bargaining units, and non-AFL-CIO single union elections. The 1991 Supreme Court Decision (AHA v. NLRB) negatively affected union win rates in hospitals.
Asunto(s)
Sindicatos/estadística & datos numéricos , Administración de Personal en Hospitales/legislación & jurisprudencia , Certificación , Geografía , Humanos , Sindicatos/legislación & jurisprudencia , Muestreo , Estados UnidosRESUMEN
The cloning of white spruce (Picea glauca) mitochondrial DNA homologous to the cytochrome oxidase II and ATPaseα genes of maize is described. These probes were used to define restriction fragment length polymorphisms which distinguish the white, Engelmann (P. engelmannii) and Sitka spruce (P. sitchensis) populations that occur in British Columbia. Analysis of progeny from crosses between the species revealed that mitochondrial DNA was maternally inherited in all cases (32 progeny from five independent crosses). The inheritance of chloroplast DNA was determined using a probe described previously; in this case, all progeny exhibited paternal inheritance (27 progeny from four crosses). Mitochondrial and chloroplast probes were used to test trees from zones of introgression between coastal (Sitka) and interior spruces (white and Engelmann). In most cases mitochondria and chloroplasts within individuals were contributed by different species. The data shows that there is a significant Sitka spruce component in trees east of the coastal watershed in British Columbia.