RESUMEN
Background: Salvianolic acid B (Sal B) is a representative component of phenolic acids derived from the dried root and rhizome of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge. (Labiatae), which promotes angiogenesis in myocardial infarction and diabetic cardiomyopathy. However, whether Sal B has a neuroprotective function in ischemic stroke by promoting angiogenesis is still unclear. Methods: In the present study, ischemic stroke models were induced in rats by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO), and Sal B (10 or 20 mg/kg/d) was intraperitoneally injected according to a previous study. Neurological deficits were evaluated by the modified Longa five-point scale, modified Bederson scores and cerebral infarction sizes by triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining. Apoptotic cells were tested by cleaved-caspase3 immunofluorescence staining and an in situ cell death (TUNEL) detection kit. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) exposed to hypoxia were used to investigate the effects of Sal B on angiogenesis and tube formation in vitro. Results: Sal B ameliorated the neurological deficits, decreased the cerebral infarction volumes in rats with ischemic stroke, significantly increased the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) and VEGFA and promoted angiogenesis both in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, Sal B increased stanniocalcin 1 (STC1) expression, induced the phosphorylation of protein kinase B (AKT) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) activity, enhanced cell migration, and activated VEGFR2/VEGFA signaling in endothelial cells. Conclusions: This study showed that Sal B promoted angiogenesis and alleviated neurological apoptosis in rats with ischemic stroke by promoting STC1.
RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Early diagnosis and appropriate antibiotic treatment can significantly reduce mortality of nosocomial bacterial meningitis. However, it is a challenge for clinicians to make an accurate and rapid diagnosis of bacterial meningitis. This study aimed at determining whether combined biomarkers can provide a useful tool for the diagnosis of bacterial meningitis. METHODS: A retrospective study was carried out. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of decoy receptor 3 (DcR3) and soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (sTREM-1) were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS: The patients with bacterial meningitis had significantly elevated levels of the above mentioned biomarkers. The two biomarkers were all risk factors with bacterial meningitis. The biomarkers were constructed into a "bioscore". The discriminative performance of the bioscore was better than that of each biomarker, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) of 0.842 (95% confidence intervals (CI) 0.770-0.914; p< 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Combined measurement of CSF DcR3 and sTREM-1 concentrations improved the prediction of nosocomial bacterial meningitis. The combined strategy is of interest and the validation of that improvement needs further studies.