Hierarchical Bilayer Polyelectrolyte Ion Paper Conductor for Moisture-Induced Power Generation.

Harvesting energy from air water (atmospheric moisture) promises a sustainable self-powered system without any restrictions from specific environmental requirements (e.g., solar cells, hydroelectric, or thermoelectric devices). However, the present moisture-induced power devices traditionally generate intermittent or bursts of energy, especially for much lower current outputs (generally keeping at nA or µA levels) from the ambient environment, typically suffering from inferior ionic conductivity and poor hierarchical structure design for manipulating sustained air water and ion-charge transport. Here, we demonstrate a universal strategy to design a high-performance bilayer polyelectrolyte ion paper conductor for generating continuous electric power from ambient humidity. The generator can produce a continuous voltage of up to 0.74 V and also an exceptional current of 5.63 mA across a single 1.0 mm-thick ion paper conductor. We discover that the sandwiched LiCl-nanocellulose-engineered paper promises an ion-transport junction between the negatively and positively charged bilayer polyelectrolytes for application in MEGs with both high voltage and high current outputs. Moreover, we demonstrated the universality of this bilayer sandwich nanocellulose-salt engineering strategy with other anions and cations, exhibiting similar power generation ability, indicating that it could be the next generation of sustainable MEGs with low cost, easier operation, and high performance.

Individualized Structural Perturbations on Normative Brain Connectome Restrict Deep Brain Stimulation Outcomes in Parkinson's Disease.

BACKGROUND: Patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) respond to deep brain stimulation (DBS) variably. However, how brain substrates restrict DBS outcomes remains unclear. OBJECTIVE: In this article, we aim to identify prognostic brain signatures for explaining the response variability. METHODS: We retrospectively investigated a cohort of patients with PD (n = 141) between 2017 and 2022, and defined DBS outcomes as the improvement ratio of clinical motor scores. We used a deviation index to quantify individual perturbations on a reference structural covariance network acquired with preoperative T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging. The neurobiological perturbations of patients were represented as z scored indices based on the chronological perturbations measured on a group of normal aging adults. RESULTS: After applying stringent statistical tests (z > 2.5) and correcting for false discoveries (P < 0.01), we found that accelerated deviations mainly affected the prefrontal cortex, motor strip, limbic system, and cerebellum in PD. Particularly, a negative network within the accelerated deviations, expressed as "more preoperative deviations, less postoperative improvements," could predict DBS outcomes (mean absolute error = 0.09, R2 = 0.15). Moreover, a fusion of personal brain predictors and medical responses significantly improved traditional evaluations of DBS outcomes. Notably, the most important brain predictor, a pathway connecting the cognitive unit (prefrontal cortex) and motor control unit (cerebellum and motor strip), partially mediates DBS outcomes with the age at surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that individual structural perturbations on the cognitive motor control circuit are critical for modulating DBS outcomes. Interventions toward the circuit have the potential for additional clinical improvements. © 2024 The Author(s). Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.

Long-term Efficacy of Bilateral Globus Pallidus Stimulation in the Treatment of Meige Syndrome.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the long-term efficacy and prognosis of bilateral globus pallidus internus (GPi) deep brain stimulation (DBS) in patients with benign essential blepharospasm (BEB) and complete Meige syndrome, and to search for the best therapeutic subregion within the GPi. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data were collected for 36 patients with Meige syndrome who underwent bilateral GPi-DBS surgery at our hospital between March 2014 and February 2022. Using the Burk-Fahn-Marsden Dystonia Rating Scale (BFMDRS)-Movement (BFMDRS-M) and BFMDRS-Disability (BFMDRS-D), the severity of the symptoms of patients with complete Meige syndrome was evaluated before surgery and at specific time points after surgery. Patients with BEB were clinically evaluated for the severity of blepharospasm using BFMDRS-M, the Blepharospasm Disability Index (BDI), and Jankovic Rating Scale (JRS). Three-dimensional reconstruction of the GPi-electrode was performed in some patients using the lead-DBS software, and the correlation between GPi subregion volume of tissue activated (VTA) and symptom improvement was analyzed in patients six months after surgery. The follow-up duration ranged from six to 99 months. RESULTS: Compared with preoperative scores, the results of all patients at six months after surgery and final follow-up showed a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in the mean BFMDRS-M score. Among them, the average BFMDRS-M improvement rates in patients with BEB at six months after surgery and final follow-up were 60.3% and 69.7%, respectively, whereas those in patients with complete Meige syndrome were 54.5% and 58.3%, respectively. The average JRS and BDI scores of patients with BEB also decreased significantly (p < 0.05) at six months after surgery and at the final follow-up (JRS improvement: 38.6% and 49.1%, respectively; BDI improvement: 42.6% and 57.4%, respectively). We were unable to identify significantly correlated prognostic factors. There was a significant correlation between GPi occipital VTA and symptom improvement in patients at six months after surgery (r = 0.34, p = 0.025). CONCLUSIONS: Our study suggests that bilateral GPi-DBS is an effective treatment for Meige syndrome, with no serious postoperative complications. The VTA in the GPi subregion may be related to the movement score improvement. In addition, further research is needed to predict patients with poor surgical outcomes.

Motor cortex stimulation for the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia after brainstem infarction: A case report. / 运动皮层电刺激治疗脑干梗死后三叉神经痛1例.

Secondary trigeminal neuralgia after brainstem infarction is rare and rarely reported. A patient with secondary trigeminal neuralgia after brainstem infarction was admitted to the Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University. The patient was a 44 years old male who underwent motor cortex stimulation treatment after admission. The effect was satisfactory in the first week after surgery, but the effect was not satisfactory after one week. This disease is relatively rare and the choice of clinical treatment still requires long-term observation.

General anesthesia versus local anesthesia for deep brain stimulation targeting of STN in Parkinson's disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (STN-DBS) is a viable therapeutic for advanced Parkinson's disease. However, the efficacy and safety of STN-DBS under local anesthesia (LA) versus general anesthesia (GA) remain controversial. This meta-analysis aims to compare them using an expanded sample size. METHODS: The databases of Embase, Cochrane Library and Medline were systematically searched for eligible cohort studies published between 1967 and 2023. Clinical efficacy was assessed using either Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) section III scores or levodopa equivalent dosage requirements. Subgroup analyses were performed to assess complications (adverse effects related to stimulation, general neurological and surgical complications, and hardware-related complications). RESULTS: Fifteen studies, comprising of 13 retrospective cohort studies and 2 prospective cohort studies, involving a total of 943 patients were included in this meta-analysis. The results indicate that there were no significant differences between the 2 groups with regards to improvement in UPDRS III score or postoperative levodopa equivalent dosage requirement. However, subgroup analysis revealed that patients who underwent GA with intraoperative imaging had higher UPDRS III score improvement compared to those who received LA with microelectrode recording (MER) (P = .03). No significant difference was found in the improvement of UPDRS III scores between the GA group and LA group with MER. Additionally, there were no notable differences in the incidence rates of complications between these 2 groups. CONCLUSIONS: Our meta-analysis indicates that STN-DBS performed under GA or LA have similar clinical outcomes and complications. Therefore, GA may be a suitable option for patients with severe symptoms who cannot tolerate the procedure under LA. Additionally, the GA group with intraoperative imaging showed better clinical outcomes than the LA group with MER. A more compelling conclusion would require larger prospective cohort studies with a substantial patient population and extended long follow-up to validate.

Photoinduced Metal-Free Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization for the Modification of Cellulose with Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) to Create Thermo-Responsive Injectable Hydrogels.

Photoinduced metal-free ATRP has been successfully applied to fabricate thermo-responsive cellulose graft copolymer (PNIPAM-g-Cell) using 2-bromoisobuturyl bromide-modified cellulose as the macroinitiator. The polymerization of N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM) from cellulose was efficiently activated and deactivated with UV irradiation in the presence of an organic-based photo-redox catalyst. Both FTIR and 13C NMR analysis confirmed the structural similarity between the obtained PNIPAM-g-Cell and that synthesized via traditional ATRP methods. When the concentration of the PNIPAM-g-Cell is over 5% in water, it forms an injectable thermos-responsive hydrogel composed of micelles at 37 °C. Since organic photocatalysis is a metal-free ATRP, it overcomes the challenge of transition-metal catalysts remaining in polymer products, making this cellulose-based graft copolymer suitable for biomedical applications. In vitro release studies demonstrated that the hydrogel can continuously release DOX for up to 10 days, and its cytotoxicity indicates that it is highly biocompatible. Based on these findings, this cellulose-based injectable, thermo-responsive drug-loaded hydrogel is suitable for intelligent drug delivery systems.

Bioturbation effect of artificial inoculation on the flavor metabolites and bacterial communities in the Chinese Mao-tofu fermentation.

A comparison between artificially inoculated Mao-tofu (CC) and naturally fermented Mao-tofu (MM) indicated that artificially adding Mucor plasmaticus to Mao-tofu dramatically enhanced the essential amino acid (EAA) content, as well as umami and sweet amino acids. Gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) analysis revealed that phenol (3.226 µg/g), 1-octen-3-ol (5.031 µg/g), ethyl heptanoate (1.646 µg/g), and indole (3.422 µg/g) were the key flavor components in Mao-tofu. Unlike MM, CC displayed a substantial increase in esters and a considerable decrease in foul odor substances, including sulfur-containing compounds and indole. Lactococcus raffinolactis, Enterobacter sp. 638, and Streptococcus parauberis KCTC 11537 represented the key bacterial species altering the amino acids and flavor of Mao-tofu according to PacBio single-molecule real-time (SMRT) sequencing and correlation analysis. This study presents the technical feasibility of artificially inoculating Mao-tofu to regulate the core bacterial communities and control the quality of fermented soybean products.

Fabrication of Low-Temperature Fast Gelation ß-Cyclodextrin-Based Hydrogel-Loaded Medicine for Wound Dressings.

ß-Cyclodextrin (ß-CD) is often used as a drug carrier for biomedical materials due to its unique cavity structure. Herein, ß-CD was modified by acryloyl chloride and further copolymerized with N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM) and acrylic acid (AA) to obtain PNIPAM-co-ß-CD-AC. The results showed that the critical phase transition temperature of PNIPAM/ß-CD-AC could be controlled at 19 °C, and the fast sol-gel phase transition was realized in 2-10 s. The hydrophobic drug carried in this hydrogel can constantly be released for more than 6 days at pH values (pH 5.5-8), and the duration may match the recovery of the wound. As a dressing hydrogel, its rapid gel formation and inversion as well as shear-thinning behavior prevent secondary wound damage. The ß-CD-based hydrogel also has good biocompatibility and antioxidant properties, which provide a good potential choice for wound dressings, especially for exposed wounds in winter.

Effect of the Caregivers-to-Caregivers Training Programme on informed caregivers of persons with mental disorders: A pilot study.

OBJECTIVE: Many people with mental disorders are cared for by informed caregivers, but they usually have limited care-related training and lack caregiving capacity and support networks. In order to provide professional training and social support for informed caregivers, we designed the Caregivers-to-Caregivers Training Programme (C2C) and performed a pilot study to assess its effect. METHODS: Caregivers of persons with mental disorders who participated in the C2C were asked to participate in a quasi-experimental study to assess their knowledge and skills development, self-care ability, trainer engagement, and training content. A total of 800 participants completed self-designed evaluation questionnaires and two open-ended questions to gather suggestions and feedback. Assessments were carried out at pretest (baseline), post-test, and at 2-month follow-up. Results were analyzed using one-way repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) and pairwise comparison method. RESULTS: At post-test, 667 assessments were considered valid and 515 were deemed valid at 2-month follow-up. One-way repeated-measures ANOVA showed that the main effect of the scores on knowledge and skills development and self-care ability from baseline to 2-month follow-up was significant (p < .001). Results of pairwise comparison method showed that the scores on each item of knowledge and skills development and self-care ability at post-test and at 2-month follow up were higher than those at baseline (p < .001). The scores on items of trainer engagement and training content were all above average (4/5). The open-ended questions resulted in 678 comments indicating that participants gained significant support from other caregivers and healthcare professionals in the alliance and wanted more and continuously updated material. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated that C2C effectively improved the development of caregivers' knowledge, skills, and their self-care ability. Available social support for caregivers was better than average, including professional support and peer support.

Structural changes of hemicellulose during pulping process and its interaction with nanocellulose.

It is believed that hemicellulose plays a crucial role in binding cellulose and lignin in plant cells. It may provide significant implications through figuring out the interaction between hemicellulose and microfibers and gaining insights how the structure of hemicellulose affects its association with cellulose nanofibers. Herein, the hemicellulose and nanocellulose fractions from pulps obtained by controlling the H-factors of kraft pulping process were quantitatively evaluated for their adsorption behavior using QCM-D. The results showed that harsher cooking (corresponding to high H-factor) significantly affected the chemical composition of hemicellulose, leading to a decrease of its molecular weight and gradually turning it into a linear structure. Hemicellulose possesses a strong natural affinity for CNC-coated sensors. The hemicellulose from the pulp cooked by high H-factor process decreases its ability to adsorb onto nanocellulose, the adsorption rate also slows down, and the conformation of the adsorbed layer changes which makes the binding weak and reversible. In conclusion, the pulping process in high H-factor significantly changed the structure of hemicellulose, leading to a variation in the strength of its interaction with nanocellulose.

Toward pulping process for enhancing the RS-black liquors as precursor of activated carbons for aqueous adsorbent purposes.

This work deals with providing a green pulping process of rice straw with zero waste discharged, via valorization of its by-product as a promising precursor for production of carbon nanostructures. The carbon nanostructures (BL-CNSs) from rice straw pulping liquors (BLs) are prepared in one step with phosphoric acid activation. The carbon nanostructures (BL-CNSs) from rice straw pulping liquors (BLs) are prepared in one step with phosphoric acid activation. The optimal pulping approach for achieving effective adsorbent (BL-CNSs) of cationic and anionic dyes is recommended from using different BLs precursors resulting from different reagents (alkaline, neutral, and acidic reagents). The carbon precursors are characterized by elemental, thermal (TGA and DTG) and ATR FTIR analyses. While the impact of pulping route on performance of CNSs is evaluated by their adsorption of iodine, cationic dye and anionic dye, as well as ATR-FTIR, textural characterization, and SEM. The data of elemental analysis displayed a high Carbon content ranges from 57.85 to 66.69% suitable for CNSs preparation, while the TGA showed that Sulphur-containing BLs (Kraft, neutral sulfite and acidic sulfite) have higher degradation temperature and activation energies as compared with other BLs. The optimum BL-CNSs adsorbent is prepared from the disposed neutral sulfite black liquor, with the following characteristics: cationic dye adsorption capacity 163.9 mg/g, iodine value 336.9 mg/g and SBET 310.6 m2/g. While the Kraft-CNSs provided highest anionic adsorption (70.52 mg/g). The studies of equilibrium and kinetic adsorption of dyes showed that the adsorption equilibrium of all investigated BL-CNSs toward MB follow the Langmuir and mainly Freundlich models for BB adoption. Their adsorption kinetics are a good fit with the pseudo-second-order model. The textural characterization and SEM revealed the CNSs exhibit a mixture of mesoporous and microporous structure.

The Expression of Two Distinct Sets of Glycolytic Enzymes Reveals Differential Effects of Glycolytic Reprogramming on Pancreatic Ductal Tumorigenesis in Mice.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is associated with enhanced aerobic glycolysis through elevated glucose uptake and the upregulated expression of genes encoding rate-limiting glycolytic enzymes. However, the direct impact of altered glycolytic pathways on pancreatic tumor progression has not been thoroughly investigated. Here, we utilized two strains of BAC transgenic mice with pancreatic expression of two distinct sets of glycolytic genes each arranged in a polycistronic fashion (PFKFB3-HK2-GLUT1 and LDHA-PDK1, respectively) to investigate the role of altered glycolysis on the development of pancreatic ductal tumor development in the Pdx1-Cre; LSL-KrasG12D mice. The overexpression of the two sets of glycolytic genes exhibited no significant effects on tumor development in the 4-5-month-old mice (the PanIN2 lesions stage). In the 9-10-month-old mice, the overexpression of PFKFB3-HK2-GLUT1 significantly accelerated PanIN3 progression, exhibiting elevated levels of ductal cell marker CK19 and tumor fibrosis. Surprisingly, the overexpression of LDHA-PDK1 significantly attenuated the progression of PanIN3 in the 9-10-month-old mice with significantly downregulated levels of CK19 and fibrosis. Therefore, distinct set of glycolytic enzymes that are involved in different glycolytic routes exhibited contrasting effects on pancreatic ductal tumor development depending on the tumor stages, providing novel insights into the complexity of the glycolytic pathway in the perspective of PDAC development and therapy.

Sustainable cellulose-based multifunctional material for electromagnetic shielding, flame retardancy and antibacterial.

Biomass-based multifunctional electromagnetic shielding materials have attracted extensive interest in academia and industry due to the sustainability of biomass and the environmental adaptability of multifunctional materials. After removing lignin and hemicellulose wood become a porous substrate with aligned cellulose, which is a good platform for building cellulose-based materials. In this work, a cellulose composite with sandwich-like structure was constructed by in-situ polymerization of aniline on delignified wood and coating a PDMS/CNT layer. Benefiting from the natural porous hierarchical structure and the constructed multilayer continuous conductive network, the PDMS/CNT/PANI WA exhibits excellent electrical conductivity (18.6 S/m) and electromagnetic shielding performance (shielding efficiency value of 26 dB at the X band (8.2-12.4 GHz)). The synergistic effect of PANI and CNT endowed the material with excellent flame retardancy (HRR, THR and HRC decreased by 84 %, 53.4 % and 83.3 %) and significant antibacterial activity. Moreover, PDMS imparts a water contact angle of 105° to the material, which acts as a protective layer, further improves the durability of the material. This work provides a new strategy for developing sustainable and multifunctional electromagnetic shielding materials.

In situ growth of UiO-66-NH2 in wood-derived cellulose for iodine adsorption.

The capture of radioactive iodine is an inevitable requirement in nuclear industry for environmental protection. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are a new generation of sorbents that have wide applications for iodine adsorption and recovery. Although the loading of MOFs on wood can avoid the drawbacks of the powder form of MOFs in implementation, the dense structure of wood results in the lower loading, even after delignification, which limits the adsorption capacity. Herein, a hierarchically porous UiO-66-NH2 @WCA composite was fabricated by in-situ synthesis of UiO-66-NH2 in wood-derived cellulose aerogel (WCA) that was further removed hemicellulose from delignified wood. UiO-66-NH2 @WCA exhibited a high loading (36 wt%) of UiO-66-NH2 crystals and a high adsorption capacity of 704 mg/g for iodine vapor and 248 mg/g for iodine aqueous solution. The adsorption behavior in iodine aqueous solution was well predicted by the Freundlich isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The adsorption capacity of UiO-66-NH2 @WCA was highest in solution when the pH was 6, while the ionic strength had little effect. The hydroxyl groups on the WCA matrix had a charge transfer effect with iodine, providing additional sites for iodine capture. Furthermore, a packed column system was applied to demonstrate the excellent recyclability and potential for practical application.

Superhydrophobic and deacidified cellulose/CaCO3-derived granular coating toward historic paper preservation.

Deacidification and surface self-cleaning are of great significance for the long-term preservation of historic literature. Herein, a superhydrophobic self-cleaning coating, derived from nanocellulose coated with CaCO3 particles is constructed via chemical vapor deposition (CVD) for the first time for the preservation of historic paper. The static contact angle of superhydrophobic paper reached more than 150° and the minimum sliding angle was 6.4°. Deacidification effect was achieved with a desired pH value in the range from 7.50 to 7.77 and the maximum alkali storage was up to 1.235 mol/kg. It is found that the low-cost CaCO3 nanoparticles can not only remove the acid substances, but also gave the paper function of self-cleaning, which is very great significant for the protection of paper-based relics.

Efficient separation of acetylated cellulose from eucalyptus and its enhancement on the mechanical strength of polylactic acid.

A simplified and green strategy was provided for the synthesis of cellulose acetate. Cellulose acetate (CA) was isolated from the directly acetylated eucalyptus powder after hydrothermal treatment to selectively remove hemicellulose without delignification. The conversion rate of cellulose (90.75%) and the yield of the acetylated product (61.34%) were greatly improved by hydrothermal treatment, while the re-condensation of lignin during hydrothermal treatment made no adverse difference. The characterization results verified that the acetylated product was cellulose acetate with uniform molecular weight, good thermal stability and semi-crystalline structure. Moreover, CA was used to reinforce polylactic acid (PLA) films prepared by solvent casting. The PLA-CA composite with 5 wt% CA showed an increase of 80.63% in tensile strength and 59.51% in Young's modulus, and their density decreased from 1.2427 g/cm3 to 1.0028 g/cm3. The lightweight and excellent mechanical properties promote the application potential of biodegradable composites to replace petroleum-based plastics.

Deconstruction of biomass into lignin oil and platform chemicals over heteropoly acids with carbon-supported palladium as a hybrid catalyst under mild conditions.

In this work, near-complete conversion of lignocellulosic biomass and high products yields were achieved through catalytic transfer hydrogenolysis (CTH) in isopropanol using a heteropoly acid SiW12 synergistic with Pd/C catalyst at a relatively mild condition. The performances of various heteropoly acids and catalytic conditions were extensively examined. The results confirmed that SiW12 exhibited the highest activity on disrupting C-C linkages and C-O linkages than H2WO4, PW12, and PMo12. 34.91 wt% and 43.55 wt% monophenols were achieved for hydrogenolysis of bagasse and eucalyptus, respectively, at their optimal temperature for 5 h. Characterization studies on the lignin oil revealed that the notable structural changes were observed including the breaking of the side chain alkyl-aryl ether bonds and glycosidic bonds, while methoxyl groups were retained. Additionally, particle size of feedstock also has significant impact on the distribution and yields of the monophenols.

Ag immobilized lignin-based PU coating: A promising candidate to promote the mechanical properties, thermal stability, and antibacterial property of paper packaging.

A lignin-based PU coating was prepared for paper-based green packaging. Two representative diisocyanate were used to prepare the coatings. Due to the rigid aromatic, the physical properties of the TDI system reached the maximum below the lignin content of 40%. The HDI that contains flexible aliphatic chains alleviated the brittleness of coating, and it showed physical advantages when the lignin content was more than 50%. Owing to the high lignin content, the coating presented enhanced thermal stability. After coated with the lignin-based PU coatings, the dry tensile strength of coated paper was improved by 126%. Amazingly, the wet strength was increased from 0.31 to 12.6 MPa with an improvement nearly 40 times. Based on the coordination of lignin, Ag+ was introduced into the PU matrix, which imparted the coating with excellent antibacterial ability. The colony forming units of E. coli and S. aureus were both less than 1. However, no inhibition halo was observed, which indicated that the Ag was firmly anchored on the coating and the antibacterial ability is only available when the bacterial contact the coating surface. The lignin-based PU coating with favorable sustainability and properties shows great potential in paper-based green packaging fields.

Design and Preparation of Multiple Function-Integrated Lignin/Tannin/ZnONP Composite Coatings for Paper-Based Green Packaging.

Lignin/tannin/ZnONP composite coatings were designed for paper-based green packaging. Multiple functions, such as high strength, moisture resistance, low air permeance, heat endurance, UV aging resistance, and antibacterial/mold properties, were successfully integrated into one biobased coating. Prepolymerization improved the physical properties of coatings at high lignin contents. The best ingredient ratio was: 40% lignin, 15% tannin, and 10% ZnONPs (based on tannin weight), and the as-prepared biocoating was labeled LTZn-10. After coated with LTZn-10, the tensile strength and bursting strength of the packaging were efficiently enhanced by more than 3 times and were dramatically increased by 51.6 and 5.6 times at the wet state, respectively, which reveals that the packaging has favorable moisture resistance and it can be used in high humidity environments. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) proved that most of the pores on the paper were blocked by the coatings, which helped to decrease the air permeance by 10.3 times. Meanwhile, ZnONPs were evenly spread on the coatings, which endowed the packaging with excellent antibacterial/mold performance. No colony or mycelium was found in the test against Gram-negative/positive bacteria and eight common molds. Besides, antibacterial activity is only available while the bacteria come in contact with the coating and no active substances were released into the culture medium, which is a good property that can keep the cargo from contamination of antibacterial agents. In addition, the coated paper presented an improved Tg and thermal degradation temperature, indicating that the coated package has favorable thermostability and can maintain its outstanding physical properties in a wider temperature range. Lignin and tannin promoted the UV stability and service life of the coated paper, as a rare physical decrease was observed after UV aging for 72 h. The function-integrated biobased coating with favorable sustainability is a good candidate to be widely used in paper-based green packaging fields.

Synergy coordination of cellulose-based dialdehyde and carboxyl with Fe3+ recoverable conductive self-healing hydrogel for sensor.

A novel dual ionic network cellulose-based composite conductive self-healing hydrogel was fabricated with high elongation, rapid recoverability, high conductive sensitivity, self-healing ability and good biocompatibility. The hydrogel was constructed by the synergistic complexations of new-fashioned bidentate aldehyde groups on dialdehyde cellulose nanofibers (DACNFs) and carboxyl groups of acrylic acid (AA) with Fe3+. The elongation (~1300%) of the hydrogel containing 1 wt% DACNFs was approximate 13-fold of the pure PAA hydrogel and can recover to original state within 2 min after 80% compression. The self-healing efficiency increased with the addition of DACNFs in the dual ionic network cellulose-based composite conductive self-healing hydrogel. The hydrogel configured for a wearable test and showed high stretching sensitivity with a gauge factor of 13.82 at strain within 1.6%. The gauge factor (GF) decrease with the incremental strain within 20%. GF were 0.696 between 20% and 300% strain, 0.837 within 300% and 500%. Meanwhile, the current had a good linear relationship with the bending angles of hydrogels and pressure on hydrogels, which may provide a great potential in monitor both minor variations and large movements.