Perfil hematológico de cães em diferentes concentrações de anticoagulante e bioquímica sérica em tempos diferentes de armazenamento / Hematologic profile of dogs in different concentrations of anticoagulant and serum biochemistry at different storage times

O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar as alterações hematológicas e bioquímicas em amostras sanguíneas de cães, em diferentes concentrações de anticoagulante EDTA-Na2 e diferentes tempos de armazenamento em temperatura entre 4 e 8°C por até 48 horas. Para isso, foram coletados 12mL de sangue por venopunção jugular ou cefálica de 30 cães (Canis lupus familiaris), procedentes do atendimento clínico realizados no Hospital Veterinário da UFERSA - Mossoró-RN. As amostras foram distribuídas em 4 tubos de ensaio, sendo 3 tubos contendo 50uL de EDTA-Na2 para a análise hematológica, preenchidos com 1mL, 3mL e 4mL, e o quarto tubo, para análise bioquímica, sem anticoagulante, foi acondicionado 4mL da amostra. As análises foram realizadas durante a primeira hora, 24 e 48 horas após a coleta. Posteriormente às análises, observou-se que as variáveis hematológicas se mostraram estáveis ao longo do tempo e independente da concentração de anticoagulante, sem diferenças significativas. Os resultados revelaram que a relação sangue/anticoagulante não interfere nos parâmetros do hemograma quando mantidas em condições adequadas de armazenamento e processadas em analisador hematológico Scil Vet abc™. Quanto às análises bioquímicas, submetidas às mesmas condições de armazenamento, também se mostraram estáveis por até 48 horas. Desse modo, conclui-se que as amostras sanguíneas podem ser armazenadas entre 4°C e 8°C por até 48 horas.

Toxicity of Gossypol from Cottonseed Cake to Sheep Ovarian Follicles.

Gossypol, a polyphenol compound produced by cotton plant, has proven reproductive toxicity, but the effects of gossypol on sheep ovaries are unknown. This study was aimed to determine the in vitro and in vivo effects of gossypol on the ovarian follicles of sheep. This trial was divided into two experiments. In the first one, we used twelve non-pregnant, nulliparous, Santa Inês crossbred ewes, which were randomly distributed into two equal groups and fed diets with and without cottonseed cake. Feed was offered at 1.5% of the animal's body weight for 63 days. The concentrations of total and free gossypol in the cottonseed cake were 3.28 mg/g and 0.11 mg/g, respectively. Throughout the trial period, no animal showed clinical signs of toxicity and no effects on body weight were observed. However, there was a significantly lower number of viable ovarian follicles (20.6%) and higher number of atretic follicles (79.4%) in the gossypol-fed sheep compared to the control (85.1 and 34.9%, respectively). These findings were observed at all stages of follicular development. In the second experiment, eight ovaries from slaughterhouse were cultured with different concentrations of gossypol acetic acid (0, 5, 10 and 20 µg/mL) for 24 hours or seven days. The in vitro action of gossypol resulted in a significant decrease in viable ovarian follicles, especially the primary and transition follicles, and a significant increase in the number of atretic follicles after 24 hours of culture. These follicles were greatly affected when cultured with gossypol for seven days. It is concluded that gossypol present in cotton seeds directly acts on ovarian follicles in sheep to increase atresia.

Gossypol promotes degeneration of ovarian follicles in rats.

The present study aimed to determine if gossypol interferes with ovarian follicles in rats. Twenty-four female Wistar rats were assigned to two equal groups: one control group and the other dosed with gossypol (25 mg/kg/day, subcutaneously) for 15 days. Ovarian follicles were histologically classified according to the stage of development and as normal or atretic. Gossypol treatment reduced the length of estrous with an increase in the duration of the diestrus phase. This compound was responsible for reduced serum levels of T4 and progesterone. Treatment with gossypol was responsible for a significant reduction in the number of normal ovarian follicles and a significant increase in the number of atretic follicles, both in all stages of development. Thus, treatment of rats with gossypol was responsible for reduction in the number of viable follicles and changes in hormone levels that resulted in interference of the estrous cycle.

Toxicity effects of toad (Rhinella jimi Stevaux, 2002) venom in chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus).

This study aimed to evaluate the pathological changes that occur after administering different doses of R. jimi (Stevaux, 2002) parotoid glands secretion to Gallus gallus domesticus chicks. Twenty-three animals were used in this study and were divided into 5 groups that received a toad venom dose of 0, 3.0 mg/kg, 6.0 mg/kg, 10.0 mg/kg, and 25.0 mg/kg. After 48 h, the necropsy and pathological examinations were performed. No clinical signs of toxicity were observed in any group. Macroscopically, hepatomegaly, areas of liver necrosis, splenomegaly, necrotic and hemorrhagic cardiac regions, hydropericardium, dark necrotic lesions of Meckel's diverticulum, and hemorrhages in the lungs and kidneys were detected. Histopathological changes included diffuse vacuolar degeneration of hepatocytes, severe sinusoidal congestion, focal areas of hemorrhage in the parenchyma, swollen cardiac fibers, necrotic myocardial fibers, moderate to acute diffuse alveolar hemorrhage, vacuolar degeneration of the renal tubular epithelium, necrosis of renal tubules, and extensive hemorrhagic areas below the brain and cerebellar meninges. In conclusion, pathological changes of the R. jimi toxins in chicks were noted in the heart, spleen, liver, Meckel's diverticulum, lungs, and kidneys. Most of the changes were similar to those observed in humans and animals exposed to toxins from other toad species.

Effectiveness of albumin-conjugated gossypol as an immunogen to prevent gossypol-associated acute hepatotoxicity in rats.

Gossypol is a highly reactive compound present in cotton (Gossypium spp.). The aim of this work was to determine whether the administration of gossypol conjugated to albumin can immunize rats and thereby prevent the acute hepatotoxicity associated with gossypol. The first experiment consisted of administering the immunogen gossypol-BSA, with or without the Freund's incomplete adjuvant, to rats. The production of antibodies against gossypol was subsequently verified. The second experiment comprised three groups of Wistar rats: VG, CG and CO. The rats from the VG cohort were injected with gossypol-BSA associated with Freund's incomplete adjuvant, and the animals from the CG and CO groups were injected with saline solution. After 21 days, the rats from the VG and CG cohorts were treated with 30 mg/kg of gossypol by intraperitoneal injection, whereas the rats from the CO group received corn oil. After 24 h, the rats were evaluated for clinical signs of pathology, and their serum was biochemically analyzed. It was found that gossypol promoted hepatotoxic effects that were not prevented by the administration of gossypol-BSA. In conclusion, the administration of gossypol-BSA associated with Freund's incomplete adjuvant may be lightly to prevent the acute hepatotoxicity associated with gossypol.