Real-world effectiveness of inactivated vaccine on COVID-19 patients with comorbidities.

INTRODUCTION: Patients with underlying diseases do not respond adequately to vaccines. Thus, continued research on the effects of vaccination in patients with comorbidities is crucial to evaluate the necessity of vaccination in this population. This study assessed the protective effects of inactivated vaccines on the severity and prognosis of COVID-19 in patients with comorbidities. METHODOLOGY: A real-world retrospective cohort study was conducted from April 7, 2022, to June 6, 2022, at the Fudan University Pudong Medical Center. The collected data included demographic characteristics, symptoms, clinical severity, and outcomes of the COVID-19 patients. RESULTS: A total of 3,996 indigenous confirmed cases and asymptomatic infections with the Omicron variant were enrolled. Of these, 1322 (33.1%) patients had chronic comorbidities. Compared to others, COVID-19 patients with comorbidities were older, had lower vaccination rates, longer days of nucleic acid conversion and hospitalization, and a higher incidence of severe-critical illness and composite endpoint. Multivariable analyses suggested that in the comorbidity group, two-dose- (odds ratio [OR] 0.38, 95% CI 0.24-0.60; OR 0.20, 95% CI 0.08-0.51) and three-dose vaccinated patients (OR 0.26, 95% CI 0.14-0.47; OR 0.21, 95% CI 0.08-0.58) had a lower risk of aggravation and the composite endpoint; similar results were observed in the non-comorbidity group. CONCLUSION: Two or more doses of inactivated vaccines could prevent deterioration and poor prognosis in Omicron-infected patients, regardless of the presence of an underlying disease. Our findings support maximizing coverage with inactivated vaccines in highly vaccinated populations, such as those in China.

Metal-Organic Frameworks for Sustainable Crop Disease Management: Current Applications, Mechanistic Insights, and Future Challenges.

Efficient management of crop diseases and yield enhancement are essential for addressing the increasing food demands due to global population growth. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), which have rapidly evolved throughout the 21st century, are notable for their vast surface area, porosity, and adaptability, establishing them as highly effective vehicles for controlled drug delivery. This review methodically categorizes common MOFs employed in crop disease management and details their effectiveness against various pathogens. Additionally, by critically evaluating existing research, it outlines strategic approaches for the design of drug-delivery MOFs and explains the mechanisms through which MOFs enhance disease resistance. Finally, this paper identifies the current challenges in MOF research for crop disease management and suggests directions for future research. Through this in-depth review, the paper seeks to enrich the understanding of MOFs applications in crop disease management and offers valuable insights for researchers and practitioners.

Angiotensin-(1-7) relieves behavioral defects and α-synuclein expression through NEAT1/miR-153-3p axis in Parkinson's disease.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder, whose characteristic pathology involves progressive deficiency of dopaminergic neurons and generation of Lewy bodies (LBs). Aggregated and misfolded α-synuclein (α-syn) is the major constituent of LBs. As the newly discovered pathway of renin-angiotensin system (RAS), Angiotensin-(1-7) (Ang-(1-7)) and receptor Mas have attracted increasing attentions for their correlation with PD, but underlying mechanisms remain not fully clear. Based on above, this study established PD models of mice and primary dopaminergic neurons with AAV-hα-syn(A53T), then discussed the effects of Ang-(1-7)/Mas on α-syn level and neuronal apoptosis for these models combined with downstream long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) and microRNA (miRNA). Results showed that Ang-(1-7) alleviated behavioral impairments, rescued dopaminergic neurons loss and lowered α-syn expression in substantia nigra of hα-syn(A53T) overexpressed PD mice. We also discovered that Ang-(1-7) decreased level of α-syn and apoptosis in the hα-syn(A53T) overexpressed dopaminergic neurons through lncRNA NEAT1/miR-153-3p axis. Moreover, miR-153-3p level in peripheral blood is found negatively correlated with that of α-syn. In conclusion, our work not only showed neuroprotective effect and underlying mechanisms for Ang-(1-7) on α-syn in vivo and vitro, but also brought new hope on miR-153-3p and NEAT1 for diagnosis and treatment in PD.

Generation of squeezed vacuum state in the millihertz frequency band.

The detection of gravitational waves has ushered in a new era of observing the universe. Quantum resource advantages offer significant enhancements to the sensitivity of gravitational wave observatories. While squeezed states for ground-based gravitational wave detection have received marked attention, the generation of squeezed states suitable for mid-to-low-frequency detection has remained unexplored. To address the gap in squeezed state optical fields at ultra-low frequencies, we report on the first direct observation of a squeezed vacuum field until Fourier frequency of 4 millihertz with the quantum noise reduction of up to 8.0 dB, by the employment of a multiple noise suppression scheme. Our work provides quantum resources for future gravitational wave observatories, facilitating the development of quantum precision measurement.

Anagrelide and idarubicin combination induces GSDME-mediated pyroptosis as a potential therapy for high-PDE3A acute myeloid leukemia.

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is an invasive hematopoietic malignancy requiring novel treatment strategies. In this study, we identified phosphodiesterase 3 A (PDE3A) as a potential new target for drug repositioning in AML. PDE3A was preferentially overexpressed in AML cells than in normal cells, and high expression of PDE3A was correlated with lower event-free survival (EFS) in de novo AML patients. The PDE3A inhibitor anagrelide (ANA) profoundly suppresses the proliferation of high PDE3A-expressing AML cells while exhibiting minimal impact on those with low PDE3A expression. Moreover, synergistic effect of ANA with other chemotherapeutic drugs in high PDE3A expression AML cells was observed. The ANA-idarubicin (IDA) combination showed the most remarkable synergistic effect among all ANA-chemotherapeutic drugs commonly used in AML cell line models. Mechanistically, the synergy between ANA and IDA inhibited the survival of PDE3Ahigh AML cell lines through pyroptosis. This mechanism was initiated by GSDME cleavage triggered by caspase-3 activation. In vivo combination treatment of leukemic animals with high PDE3A expression significantly reduced leukemia burden and prolonged survival time compared with single-drug and vehicle control treatments. Our findings suggest that combined ANA and IDA treatment is an innovative and promising therapeutic strategy for AML patients with high PDE3A expression.

A polysaccharide with a triple helix structure from Agaricus bisporus: Characterization and anti-colon cancer activity.

In this study, A polysaccharide WAAP-2 (121 kDa) with a triple-helical structure was isolated and purified from Agaricus bisporus for the first time. The physicochemical properties, structural characteristics and anti-colon cancer activity were preliminarily investigated. The primary structure indicated that WAAP-2 was composed of mannose, glucose and galactose and determined the position of the linkage between monosaccharide residues. The advanced structure revealed that WAAP-2 has a triple helix and tangled chain conformation. In the anti-colon cancer activity investigation, WAAP-2 exerted an apoptosis-inducing effect by causing HT-29 cell cycle arrest in S phase. WAAP-2 promoted HT-29 cell apoptosis by up-regulating the expression of Caspase-3 and Bax proteins while down-regulating the expression of Bcl-2 protein. Besides, WAAP-2 could inhibit the migration and invasion of colorectal cancer cells by inducing E-cadherin expression and inhibiting Vimentin expression to affect epithelial mesenchymal transition. This paper is of importance for the application of WAAP-2, a triple-helical structural polysaccharide from Agaricus bisporus, to low-toxicity anti-colon cancer drugs.

TMT-based quantitative proteomic analysis of IBDV-infected CEF cells reveals a favorable role of chicken IRF10 in IBDV replication via suppressing type-I interferon expression.

Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is an acute, highly contagious disease caused by infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV), causing huge economic losses to the poultry industry worldwide. Currently, the emerging variant strains of IBDV and new recombinants in the field are circulating in many countries and poses severe threats to the development of poultry industry. Elucidation of the pathogenesis of IBDV infection will be of great help to the development of vaccines for control of IBDV infection. In this study, liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) combined with tandem mass tag (TMT) labeling was performed to determine the expressions of nucleus proteins in IBDV-infected chicken embryonic fibroblast (CEF) cells 24 h post-infection (hpi). Our data show that a total of 236 nucleus proteins were differentially expressed in IBDV-infected cells vs mock-infected controls, and that among those proteins, 171 were significantly upregulated while 65 downregulated. Bioinformatics analysis reveals that the differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were mainly involved in immune response, DNA replication, mismatch repair, and RIG-I-like receptor (RLR) signaling. Consistently, the expression of ten selected upregulated genes (IRF10, IRF7, IRF1, STAT1, ATF3, GTF3A, CSRP3, RARB, BASP1, and NF-κB1) markedly increased as examined by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Furthermore, the expression of IRF10 was upregulated both in the cytoplasm and nucleus of DF-1 cells as examined by Western Blot. Moreover, knockdown of IRF10 remarkably inhibited IBDV replication via promoting IFN-I response, and overexpression of IRF10 significantly suppressed type I interferon and ISGs expression in both mock and IBDV-infected cells, suggesting that IRF10 serve as a negative regulator for host antiviral response. These results provide clues to further investigation into host-IBDV interactions and the underlying mechanisms of IBDV infection.

Implementation of Chief Complaint-Based Clinical Reasoning Training in Periodontal Internships.

BACKGROUND: The gap between theoretical knowledge and clinical skills highlights the need for clinical reasoning training curriculum in periodontal education, especially in periodontal internships. This study aims to develop a Chief Complaint-Based Clinical Reasoning Training (CCB-CRT) program and evaluate its impact on periodontal interns' clinical reasoning abilities and overall performance. METHODS: The CCB-CRT program was developed based on eight common chief complaints (CCs) identified through surveys of periodontal specialists and an analysis of patient visit data from a university-affiliated hospital's periodontal clinic. The study involved a comparison between a control group of fifth-year dental students (2021) and a CCB-CRT group (2022). Both groups completed an 8-week training course. The CCB-CRT group received additional training focused on the 8 common CCs, using student-led discussions, flipped classroom, mind mapping, and presentations. Evaluation criteria included overall performance, disease diagnosis and treatment plan, misdiagnosis rates, and students' satisfaction. RESULTS: After 1 year of CCB-CRT implementation, participants in the CCB-CRT group showed substantial improvements in overall performance, diagnostic accuracy, and satisfaction compared to traditional teaching methods. The program enhanced students' understanding of theoretical knowledge, improved their interpretation of clinical manifestations and examination results, and enhanced their clinical reasoning skills and diagnostic accuracy. CONCLUSIONS: The successful application of the CCB-CRT program in periodontology education demonstrates its efficacy in improving clinical reasoning skills and diagnostic efficiency among students. The structured approach facilitates the transition from theoretical knowledge to practical application, contributing to better patient care in periodontal practice.

The efficacy and safety of third-party umbilical blood/umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell assisted related haploid hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in pediatric patients with acute leukemia: an observational study.

Background: There is limited data on third-party umbilical cord blood (UCB) or mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplantation-assisted haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (haplo-HSCT) in pediatric patients. Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of UCB and MSC transplantation-assisted haplo-HSCT in pediatric patients with acute leukemia (AL). Design: Observational study. Methods: Clinical data of 152 children with AL undergoing haplo-HSCT at the Children's Hospital of Soochow University between January 2020 and June 2022 were collected. The patients were divided into the haplo-HSCT + UCB group (n = 76), haplo-HSCT + MSC group (n = 31), and haplo-HSCT group (n = 45). Hematopoietic reconstruction time, complications within 30 days after transplantation, and survival and recurrence at 3 years after transplantation were compared among the groups. Results: Multivariate analysis revealed that haplo-HSCT with MSC and human leukocyte antigen (HLA) matching ⩾6/10 were independent factors reducing engraftment syndrome (ES) incidence. There were no significant differences among the groups in the hematopoietic reconstruction time or incidence of complications within 30 days after transplantation (p > 0.05). Overall survival, relapse-free survival, cumulative incidence of relapse, cumulative incidence of hematological relapse, and 3-year transplant-related mortality were not significantly different (p > 0.05). The incidence of adverse reactions in the haplo-HSCT + UCB group was 97.3% within 4 h after UCB infusion, with a particularly high occurrence rate of 94.7% for hypertension. No transfusion-related adverse reactions occurred after the transfusion of umbilical cord MSC in the haplo-HSCT + MSC group. Conclusion: MSC-assisted haplo-HSCT can reduce ES incidence after transplantation in pediatric patients with AL. UCB infusion is associated with a high incidence of reversible hypertension. However, no adverse reactions were observed in umbilical cord MSC transfusion.

[Evaluation of Land Ecological Status and Diagnosis of Obstacle Factors in Jiangsu, China].

By constructing a land ecological evaluation index system at the village scale and using models such as spatial correlation analysis, hotspot analysis, and obstacle factor diagnosis, the basic characteristics, spatial differentiation, and obstacle factors of land ecological status in Jiangsu Province were studied. This study sought to clarify the foundation, structure, function, and benefit characteristics of land ecosystems and optimize land management and policy regulation. The results showed that： ① The spatial distribution of land ecological status in Jiangsu Province was high in the north and low in the south, with multiple high-value areas radiating outward and decreasing, with low value centers radiating outward and increasing. The distribution area of the highest and lower values was relatively small, whereas the area of the middle value area was the largest. The higher values were mainly distributed in the suburbs and edge areas of each county. ② The spatial autocorrelation of land ecological status in Jiangsu Province was significant, with hot spots mainly concentrated in northern Jiangsu and cold spots concentrated in southern Jiangsu, as well as some areas of Taizhou and Nantong. The spatial distribution of cold and hot spots showed a complementary pattern with the level of regional development. The comprehensive index value of land ecology in developed areas was lower, whereas the index value in underdeveloped areas was higher. ③ The natural background conditions of Class Ⅰ land ecological zone in Jiangsu Province were superior, with good ecological construction and benefits and a high level of ecological status. The obstacle factors mainly included the proportion of water bodies and the average annual degradation rate of forest land. The Class Ⅱ land ecological zone was mostly located in the Huainan region and mainly composed of plain landforms. The Class Ⅲ land ecological zone had the largest area, located in the riverside areas of southern Jiangsu. The obstacle factors mainly included the average annual degradation rate of arable land and the proportion of soil pollution area. By controlling land ecological risks, the early warning level of ecological crisis could be improved.

Gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry for the detection of human disease: a review.

Gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (GC-IMS) is an advanced technique used for detecting trace compounds, due to its non-destructive, straightforward, and rapid analytical capabilities. However, the application of GC-IMS in human disease screening is barely reported. This review summarizes the application and related parameters of GC-IMS in human disease diagnosis. GC-IMS detects volatile organic compounds in human breath, feces, urine, bile, etc. It can be applied to diagnose diseases, such as respiratory diseases, cancer, enteropathy, Alzheimer's disease, bacterial infection, and metabolic diseases. Several potential disease markers have been identified by GC-IMS, including ethanal (COVID-19), 2-heptanone (lung cancer) and 3-pentanone (pulmonary cryptococcosis). In conclusion, GC-IMS offers a non-invasive approach to monitor and diagnose human diseases with broad applications.

Aberrance of GAP43/p-GAP43 Closely Associates with the Pathology of Neuron Loss in Prion-Infected Rodent Models.

Prion diseases are fatal neurodegenerative disorders characterized by neuron damage and loss. Growth-associated protein 43 (GAP43) functions in neuronal plasticity and synaptic function, but its role in prion diseases is not fully elucidated. In this study, we investigated the changes of GAP43 in the central nerve system (CNS) of several prion-infected rodent models and explored the potential relationship of GAP43 with PrPSc deposit and neuron loss using various methods. We found that GAP43 levels were significantly decreased in the brain tissues of scrapie-infected rodent models at the terminal stage of the disease. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that GAP43 colocalized with NeuN-positive cells morphologically, indicating the presence of GAP43 in mature neurons. On contrary, the levels of GAP43 and p-GAP43 increased in a prion-infected cell line SMB-S15 in vitro, accompanying with the increase of intracellular calcium. Stimulation of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) upregulated while removal of PrPSc propagation downregulated the level of GAP43 in SMB-S15 cells. Morphological colocalization and molecular interaction between GAP43 and PrPSc have been addressed in the brains of prion-infected rodents and prion-infected cell line. Histological assays of the serial sections of the whole brains of prion-infected mice proposed that the reduced GAP43 level correlated with large amount of PrPSc deposits and notable neuron damage and loss showing cell crumpled and nuclear pyknosis. The impairment of GAP43 signaling and disturbance of calcium homeostasis by aberrance of brain GAP43/p-GAP43 not only reflect but also likely contribute to the pathology of severe neuron loss at the end of prion disease.

Highly sensitive detection of alpha-fetoprotein using sandwich sensors.

Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is a crucial biomarker for detecting certain tumors across various demographics, including men, non-pregnant women, and children. However, existing detection methods often lack the desired sensitivity, necessitating the development of a straightforward, dependable, and highly sensitive AFP detection method. In this study, a novel approach utilizing a sandwich sensor system designed around the GDYO@AuNPs@PCN (graphdiyne oxide, gold nanoparticle, and porous coordination network) composite was proposed. The results revealed that this composite material, comprising three key components, offers superior quenching capabilities and heightened sensitivity to AFP compared to DNA sensors employing different nanomaterials. Leveraging the distinctive advantages and properties of the composite material, a "three in one" structure was devised by integrating two aptamers with AFP to form an efficient "sandwich" configuration for AFP capture. Additionally, the inclusion of antifouling peptides in the system effectively mitigates non-specific adsorption of AFP on the sensing interface, ensuring a high signal-to-noise ratio. Notably, the sandwich sensor employing the "three in one" composite with peptides achieves a limit of detection (LOD) of 1.51 pg mL-1, indicative of its ability to reduce background signals, facilitate efficient AFP binding, and enhance sensitivity. Furthermore, the sensor exhibited promising performance and demonstrated consistent results in serum samples, emphasizing its promising practical applications.

Clinical utility of expanded carrier screening in the preconception and prenatal population: A Chinese cohort study.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the clinical utility of expanded carrier screening (ECS) in Chinese preconception and prenatal populations, focusing on carrier frequency and the impact on at-risk couples (ARCs). METHODS: Data from 6,298 Chinese individuals from 4,420 families who underwent a 149-gene ECS panel at a single center were analyzed. The prevalence of positive carriers and ARCs was determined, with follow-up on reproductive decisions and pregnancy outcomes for ARCs. RESULTS: Of the individuals screened, 2,673 (42.4 %) were carriers of at least one pathogenic or likely pathogenic variant, and 98 (2.22 %) ARCs were identified. GJB2-related deafness and Duchenne muscular dystrophy were the most common autosomal recessive (AR) and X-linked disorders. Screening the top 11 (gene carrier rate [GCR] ≥ 1/100), 22 (GCR ≥ 1/200), and 41 (GCR ≥ 1/331) AR genes could identify 53.5 %, 67.9 %, and 81.3 % of variants, respectively. The corresponding ratios for identified ARCs were 90.4 %, 94.0 %, and 100 %. Follow-up data from 80 ARCs indicated that 75.0 % (60/80) took significant action based on the ECS results. Additionally, four families (3.5 %, 4/115) were identified at risk for a second disease unrelated to their initial family monogenic history. CONCLUSIONS: This study, representing the largest cohort of a moderate-sized ECS panel test in the Chinese population, demonstrates the clinical utility of ECS in both healthy individuals and those with a family history of monogenic disorders. The data obtained provide valuable insights for developing a Chinese-specific ECS panel. Tailored approaches are critical for wider adoption and successful routine application of ECS.

Long-term survival with donor CD19 CAR-T cell treatment for relapsed patients after allogeneic hematopietic stem cell transplantation.

Chimeric Antigen Receptor T (CAR-T) cell therapy has significantly advanced in treating B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) and has shown efficacy in managing relapsed B-ALL after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). Donor-derived CAR-T cell offer both high efficacy and rapid response. Although promising results exist, current research lacks definitive evidence of long-term survival benefits for patients treated with donor-derived CAR-T therapy. We report the long-term survival of 32 patients with post-transplant relapsed B-ALL treated with donor-derived CD19 CAR-T cell, achieving either complete Remission (CR) or CR with incomplete peripheral blood recovery (CRi). The median follow-up was 42 months, with 2-year overall survival (OS) and event-free survival (EFS) rates of 56.25% and 50.0%, respectively. The 5-year OS and EFS rates were 53.13% and 46.88%, with no new long-term adverse events observed. These findings demonstrate good long-term safety, supporting donor-derived CAR-T cell as a recommended treatment option for relapsed B-ALL patients post-transplantation. Trial registration: https://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.html?proj=14315 . Registration number: ChiCTR-OOC-16008447.

Host 5-HT affects Plasmodium transmission in mosquitoes via modulating mosquito mitochondrial homeostasis.

Malaria parasites hijack the metabolism of their mammalian host during the blood-stage cycle. Anopheles mosquitoes depend on mammalian blood to lay eggs and to transmit malaria parasites. However, it remains understudied whether changes in host metabolism affect parasite transmission in mosquitoes. In this study, we discovered that Plasmodium infection significantly decreased the levels of the tryptophan metabolite, 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), in both humans and mice. The reduction led to the decrease of 5-HT in mosquitoes. Oral supplementation of 5-HT to Anopheles stephensi enhanced its resistance to Plasmodium berghei infection by promoting the generation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species. This effect was due to the accumulation of dysfunctional mitochondria caused by 5-HT-mediated inhibition of mitophagy. Elevating 5-HT levels in mouse serum significantly suppressed parasite infection in mosquitoes. In summary, our data highlight the critical role of metabolites in animal blood in determining the capacity of mosquitoes to control parasite infection.

Influence of perinatal factors on full-term low-birth-weight infants and construction of a predictive model.

BACKGROUND: Being too light at birth can increase the risk of various diseases during infancy. AIM: To explore the effect of perinatal factors on term low-birth-weight (LBW) infants and build a predictive model. This model aims to guide the clinical management of pregnant women's healthcare during pregnancy and support the healthy growth of newborns. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted on data from 1794 single full-term pregnant women who gave birth. Newborns were grouped based on birth weight: Those with birth weight < 2.5 kg were classified as the low-weight group, and those with birth weight between 2.5 kg and 4 kg were included in the normal group. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to identify the factors influencing the occurrence of full-term LBW. A risk prediction model was established based on the analysis results. The effectiveness of the model was analyzed using the Hosmer-Leme show test and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve to verify the accuracy of the predictions. RESULTS: Among the 1794 pregnant women, there were 62 cases of neonatal weight < 2.5 kg, resulting in an LBW incidence rate of 3.46%. The factors influencing full-term LBW included low maternal education level [odds ratio (OR) = 1.416], fewer prenatal examinations (OR = 2.907), insufficient weight gain during pregnancy (OR = 3.695), irregular calcium supplementation during pregnancy (OR = 1.756), and pregnancy hypertension syndrome (OR = 2.192). The prediction model equation was obtained as follows: Logit (P) = 0.348 × maternal education level + 1.067 × number of prenatal examinations + 1.307 × insufficient weight gain during pregnancy + 0.563 × irregular calcium supplementation during pregnancy + 0.785 × pregnancy hypertension syndrome - 29.164. The area under the ROC curve for this model was 0.853, with a sensitivity of 0.852 and a specificity of 0.821. The Hosmer-Leme show test yielded χ 2 = 2.185, P = 0.449, indicating a good fit. The overall accuracy of the clinical validation model was 81.67%. CONCLUSION: The occurrence of full-term LBW is related to maternal education, the number of prenatal examinations, weight gain during pregnancy, calcium supplementation during pregnancy, and pregnancy-induced hypertension. The constructed predictive model can effectively predict the risk of full-term LBW.

[Pollution Characteristics, Source Analysis, and Ecological Risk Assessment of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Third Drain of Ningxia].

This study aimed to investigate the contamination characteristics, sources, and ecological risks of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （PAHs） in the Third Drain of Ningxia. Water samples were collected in November 2021, March 2022, and July 2022, respectively. A total of 16 priority PAHs were quantitatively detected using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry （GC-MS）. The results showed that ρ(∑PAHs) in the drain ranged from 324.11 to 530.77 ng·L-1, with an average value of 414.73 ng·L-1. The detection rate of each monomer was greater than 90%, and DaA had the highest concentration, with average values of 48.53 ng·L-1, followed by IcdP. Compared with those in other rivers in China, the PAH concentrations in the Third Drain of Ningxia showed a medium pollution level. The concentration of ∑PAHs and the high ring monomers were significantly higher in summer than that in spring and winter. On a spatial scale, the average concentration of ∑PAHs in the drain decreased in the order of upstream Helan section > midstream Pingluo section > downstream Huinong section. The proportion of PAHs was in the order of high rings （5-6 rings） > low rings （2-3 rings） > middle rings （4 rings）, with 5 rings being dominant. Probabilistic matrix factorization （PMF） was used to quantitatively assess the source apportionment of PAHs. The results showed that coal chemical emissions, automobile exhaust emissions, coal combustion, and petrochemical emissions contributed 27.36%, 27.64%, 26.85%, and 18.15%, respectively. Ecological risk assessment showed that BaA, BbF, BghiP DaA, and IcdP had high risk, whereas other monomers exhibited moderate risk. Therefore, control measures should be taken as soon as possible. This study can provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of PAH pollution in the drains flowing into the Yellow River of Ningxia．.

EXPRESS:The efficacy and safety of brentuximab vedotin for peripheral T-cell lymphoma: A systemic review and meta-analysis.

Peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL) is an extensive class of heterogeneous diseases with dismal outcomes. Brentuximab vedotin (BV) is an antibody‒drug conjugate (ADC) comprising CD30-directed antibody. This review aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of BV for treating PTCL. We searched the PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library and Web of Science databases for studies evaluating the efficacy of BV alone or in combination with other drugs for treating PTCL. The primary outcome measures included objective response rate (ORR), complete remission (CR), progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). The secondary outcomes included 5-year OS, 5-year PFS and adverse events. 22 studies involving 1137 patients were included. These studies reported the use patterns of BV, ORR, CR, PFS, OS, and adverse events. The pooled ORR and CR rate were 68% (95% CI: 59%-75%) and 43% (95% CI: 34%-53%). For survival outcomes, the longest median PFS was 8.3 months, and the longest median OS was 26.3 months. The most common adverse event was peripheral neuropathy and neutropenia. The analysis suggested that BV alone or in combination with other drugs improved the response and survival rates in PTCL patients and was associated with tolerable adverse effects.