Impactos do lockdown sobre os direitos dos cidadãos na cidade de São Luís do Maranhão / Impacts of the lockdown on citizens' rights in the municipality of São Luís do Maranhão / Impactos del confinamiento sobre los derechos de los ciudadanos en la ciudad de São Luís do Maranhão

O objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar os impactos do período do lockdown ocorrido em 2020 na cidade de São Luís, no Maranhão, de acordo com as percepções de cinco categorias profissionais. Trata-se de um estudo observacional descritivo de caráter qualitativo, realizado por meio de entrevista semiestruturada aplicada aos profissionais selecionados sobre os impactos do lockdown no direito constitucional de ir e vir, na vida profissional e no sistema de saúde brasileiro. Foram entrevistados 130 profissionais, entre médicos, professores universitários, gestores de saúde, empresários e autônomos. Para a análise da pergunta aberta, foi utilizado o método do discurso do sujeito coletivo (DSC). Foram também aplicados Testes de qui-quadrado ou exato de Fisher, adotando-se p < 0,05 como hipótese de nulidade, para verificar a associação entre variáveis categóricas. A maioria dos entrevistados considerou como negativos os impactos do lockdown sobre o direito de ir e vir dos cidadãos (51,6%) e nas atividades de vida diária de suas respectivas profissões (67,7%). O Sistema Único de Saúde não conseguiu conter os avanços da doença, segundo opiniões da maioria (59,2%) dos entrevistados. Os resultados qualitativos mostraram que o lockdown foi desfavorável para 66 profissionais, seguido de 33 que o classificaram como favorável. Os participantes destacaram que o lockdown causou impactos negativos no direito de ir e vir e na vida profissional dos cidadãos, tendo sido considerada uma medida política equivocada e ineficiente na contenção da disseminação da covid-19.

Objective: to analyze the impacts of the lockdown period in the municipality of São Luís, Maranhão (2020), according to the perceptions of five professional categories. Methodology: this descriptive, qualitative, and observational study was carried out by a semi-structured interview applied to selected professionals about the impacts of the lockdown on their constitutional right to free movement, their professional life, and on the Brazilian health system. Results: Overall, 130 professionals were interviewed, including physicians, university professors, health managers, businesspeople, and self-employed people. To analyze the open question, the Collective Subject Discourse-DSC method was used. Chi-squared or Fisher's exact tests were also applied, adopting p < 0.05 as the null hypothesis, to attest to the association between categorical variables. Most interviewees considered the impacts of the lockdown on citizens' right to free movement (51.6%) and on the daily life activities of their respective professions (67.7%) as negative. The Brazilian Unified Health System was unable to contain the spread of the disease, according to the opinions of most (59.2%) interviewees. Qualitative results showed that the lockdown was unfavorable for 66 professionals, followed by 33 professionals who classified it as favorable. Conclusion: the lockdown negatively impacted the right to free movement and professional lives and was considered a mistaken and inefficient political measure to contain the spread of COVID-19.

El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar los impactos del período de confinamiento en 2020 en la ciudad de São Luís, Maranhão, según las percepciones de cinco categorías profesionales. Se trata de un estudio observacional descriptivo, de carácter cualitativo, realizado mediante una entrevista semiestructurada aplicada a profesionales seleccionados sobre los impactos del confinamiento en el derecho constitucional de ir y venir, en la vida profesional y en el sistema de salud brasileño. Se entrevistaron a 130 profesionales, entre médicos, profesores universitarios, gestores de salud, empresarios y autónomos. Para analizar la pregunta abierta se utilizó el método discurso del sujeto colectivo (DSC). También se aplicaron las pruebas de Chi-cuadrado o exacta de Fisher, adoptando p < 0,05 como hipótesis nula, para verificar la asociación entre variables categóricas. La mayoría de los entrevistados consideraron negativos los impactos del confinamiento en el derecho de ir y venir de los ciudadanos (51,6%) y en las actividades de la vida diaria de sus respectivas profesiones (67,7%). El Sistema Único de Salud (SUS) no pudo contener la propagación de la enfermedad, según la opinión de la mayoría (59,2%) de los entrevistados. Los resultados cualitativos mostraron que el confinamiento fue desfavorable para 66 profesionales, seguido de 33 profesionales que lo calificaron como favorable. Los participantes destacaron que el confinamiento provocó impactos negativos en el derecho a ir y venir y en la vida profesional, además, fue considerado una medida política equivocada e ineficaz para contener la propagación del covid-19.

TRANSPORTING CHILDREN IN CARS AND THE USE OF CHILD SAFETY RESTRAINT SYSTEMS

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the transport of children in automobiles and the use of child restraints systems (CRS). Methods: This is a transversal descriptive study which included 200 vehicle drivers who carried 0-10 year old children in the city of São Luis, MA, Brazil. The drivers' passengers' and children's features were properly identified. The children's transportation using CRS were analyzed according to the Resolution 277/8 of the Brazilian National Traffic Department. Results: The transportation of children was classified as inappropriate in 70.5% of the vehicles analyzed. The most common way for children transportation was free on the back seats (47%) or on the lap of passengers/drivers (17%). The main reasons to justify the improper transportation were either not understanding the importance of CRS use (64.5%) or not having financial resources to buy the devices. The child safety seat was the most used CRS (50.8 %) among vehicles with proper child transportation system. Conclusion: The transportation of children was inappropriate in most of the vehicles analyzed, reflecting the need for creating awareness among automobile drivers, including education, supervision and improvement of policies for health improvement and prevention of accidents involving children transportation. Level of Evidence III, Cross Sectional Study.

TRANSPORTING CHILDREN IN CARS AND THE USE OF CHILD SAFETY RESTRAINT SYSTEMS.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the transport of children in automobiles and the use of child restraints systems (CRS). METHODS: This is a transversal descriptive study which included 200 vehicle drivers who carried 0-10 year old children in the city of São Luis, MA, Brazil. The drivers' passengers' and children's features were properly identified. The children's transportation using CRS were analyzed according to the Resolution 277/8 of the Brazilian National Traffic Department. RESULTS: The transportation of children was classified as inappropriate in 70.5% of the vehicles analyzed. The most common way for children transportation was free on the back seats (47%) or on the lap of passengers/drivers (17%). The main reasons to justify the improper transportation were either not understanding the importance of CRS use (64.5%) or not having financial resources to buy the devices. The child safety seat was the most used CRS (50.8 %) among vehicles with proper child transportation system. CONCLUSION: The transportation of children was inappropriate in most of the vehicles analyzed, reflecting the need for creating awareness among automobile drivers, including education, supervision and improvement of policies for health improvement and prevention of accidents involving children transportation. Level of Evidence III, Cross Sectional Study.