[Domestic humidifiers. What do we know about them?]. / Humidificadores domésticos: 'qué se sabe de ellos?

Popular opinion assumes that environmental humidity relieves the clinical symptoms of respiratory tract diseases. Various types of home humidifiers are available on the market. Parents buy them in the belief that they will improve their children's well-being but are usually unaware of whether these devices provide a real benefit. Pediatricians should bear the main responsibility in the task of informing and guiding families in the use of home humidifiers but general lack of knowledge on the subject and the scarcity of published data make this task difficult. The aim of this review is to increase general knowledge of home humidifiers. We describe what they are, their main types, their basic functioning, advantages and disadvantages and the importance of suitable maintenance. We define what environmental humidity means, how it can change according to temperature and how it can influence human health. Finally, we suggest that optimal relative humidity is approximately 40-60 % and that it should be measured before using a home humidifier.

[Eyberg inventory of child behavior. Standardization of the Spanish version and its usefulness in ambulatory pediatrics]. / Inventario Eyberg del comportamiento en niños. Normalización de la versión española y su utilidad para el pediatra extrahospitalario.

OBJECTIVE: Taking into account the high prevalence of behavioral problems in the pediatric outpatient clinic, a need for a useful and easy to administer tool for the evaluation of this problem arises. The psychometric characteristics of the Spanish version of the Eyberg Behavioral Child Inventory (EBCI), [in Spanish Inventario de Eyberg para el Comportamiento de Niño (IECN)], a 36-item questionnaire were established. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The ECBI inventory/questionnaire was translated into Spanish. The basis of the ECBI is the evaluation of the child's behavior through the parents' answers to the questionnaire. Healthy children between 2 and 12 years of age were included and were taken from pediatric outpatient clinics from urban and suburban areas of Barcelona and from our hospital's own ambulatory clinic. RESULTS: The final sample included 518 subjects. The mean score on the intensity scale was 96.8 and on the problem scale 3.9. Internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha) was 0.73 and the test-retest had an r of 0.89 (p < 0.001) for the intensity scale and r = 0.93 (p < 0.001) for the problem scale. Interrater reliability for the intensity scale was r = 0.58 (p < 0.001) and r = 0.32 (p < 0.001) for the problem scale. Concurrent validity between both scales was r = 0.343 (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The IECN is a useful and easy tool to apply in the pediatrician's office as a method for early detection of behavior problems.

[Standardization of the Kent Infant Development Scale: implications for primary care pediatricians]. / Normalización de la Escala de Desarrollo Infantil de Kent. Implicaciones para la práctica pediátrica ambulatoria.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was the standardization of an infant assessment protocol based on behavioral observations of Spanish parents. The Kent Infant Development (KIDS) scale was translated into Spanish and named "Escala de Desarrollo Infantil de Kent" (EDIK). PATIENTS AND METHODS: The EDIK normative data were collected from the parents of 662 healthy infants (ages 1 to 15 months) in pediatric clinics. Infants born more than 2 weeks premature or who had serious physical or neurological illness were not included. RESULTS: EDIK raw scores of Spanish infants were converted to developmental ages by comparing them with the number of behaviors for each age group in the normative sample. We obtained the mean score and standard deviation for the full scale and different domains (cognitive, motor, social, language, and self-help). CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that EDIK is sensitive to differences in ages and a good instrument that allows one to make a classification between normal infants or those at risk. It should prove useful in developmental pediatric practice.

[A new method for evaluating psychomotor development based on information from parents. The Spanish version of the Kent Infant Development Scale]. / Nuevo método de evaluación del desarrollo psicomotor basado en la información de los padres. Versión española de la Kent Infant Development Scale.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this dissertation research was to design, standardize and validate the Spanish version of the Kent Infant Development Scale (KIDS). PATIENTS AND METHODS: This questionnaire is based on information obtained from the parents. It was translated into Spanish and named "Escala de Desarrollo Infantil de Kent" (EDIK). The EDIK normative data were collected from the parents of 662 healthy infants (ages 1 to 15 months) in pediatric clinics in Catalonia (Spain). RESULTS: Test-retest reliability (r = 0.99; p < 0.001), interjudge reliability (r = 0.98; p < 0.001) and internal consistency (Cronbach alpha = 0.9947) were determined. An "r' of 0.96 was obtained when EDIK scores were compared to their estimated developmental ages obtained from the Denver Developmental Scale. The correlation of the infants' chronological age and their EDIK was 0.96 (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The high reliability and validity correlation coefficients demonstrate the sound psychometric properties of the EDIK. It appears to be a useful and acceptable instrument in measuring the developmental status of infants by using the reports of their parents.

[Herpetic encephalitis in children. Study of 9 cases]. / Encefalitis herpética en el niño. Estudio de nueve casos.

Here we review nine cases of children with herpetic encephalitis (EH) admitted to the "San Juan de Dios" Hospital in Barcelona from 1976 to 1983. Of particular significance is the average age of 3,2 years, initial respiratory symptoms, fever and seizures in the majority of the cases. The EEG showed in every case short focal periodic activity from the 3rd to the 8th day of the illness, with normal CT-scan in 5 patients from the 5th to the 9th day. All the patients showed deterioration in the course of the illness, with serious sequels or death. We support an early herpetic encephalitis diagnosis and its treatment (ARA-A or Acyclovir) based on the clinical symptoms, the characteristic EEG, and a normal initial CT-scan. Antibodies levels and evolution will confirm or deny the diagnosis, without the need for a cerebral biopsy.