[Relaparotomy: the indications, procedure and results]. / Relaparotomiia: pokazaniia, taktika, rezul'taty.

Based on an analysis of 284 observations amounting to 1.8% of the total number of operations on organs of the abdominal cavity the authors give more exact indications to early relaparotomy and to more optimal methods to eliminate complications appearing after primary operations. They recommend wider use of additional methods of diagnosis of postoperative complications which will result in less lethality after relaparotomies.

[Vagotomy combined with drainage in pyloroduodenal stenosis caused by duodenal ulcer]. / Vagotomiia v sochetanii s dreniruiushchimi operatsiiami pri iazvennom piloroduodenal'nom stenoze.

Various vagotomies with draining operations on the stomach were performed on 56 patients with ulcerous pylorostenosis. The authors recommend a wide use of organ-preserving operations for pyloroduodenal stenosis.

[Surgical treatment of multiple occlusions of the aortic arch branches in atherosclerosis and nonspecific arteritis]. / Khirurgicheskoe lechenie mnozhestvennykh okkliuzii vetvei dugi aorty pri ateroskleroze i nespetsificheskom arteriite.

The authors analyse the experience with the treatment of 119 patients suffering from multiple occlusions of aortic arch branches in atherosclerosis and nonspecific arteritis. 394 vascular injuries of the aortic arch were diagnosed in these cases. All the cases were divided into 4 groups in conformity with clinical manifestations of the disease. Operations aimed at the restoration of the blood flow in two and more branches of the aortic arch were performed on 60% of patients and in 98,3% of them the blood flow was restored. Total postoperative mortality was 16%. The long-term results were studied in 70 patients. The maintained blood flow in reconstructed vessels was found in 55 patients (78,6%). The authors came to the conclusion, that the reconstructive operation carried out in case of multiple occlusions of the aortic arch branches, aimed at the simultaneous restoration of blood flow in 2 and more vessels, proved to be highly effective.

[Surgical treatment of occlusive lesions of the brahciocephalic trunk]. / Khirurgicheskoe lechenie okkliuziruiushchikh porazhenii brakhitsefal'nogo stvola.

Surgery was performed on 41 patients for an occlusive process in the brachycephalic trunk. As concerns the clinical form of the occlusive process these patients were divided into 4 groups, viz. with symptomless occlusion--4, with transitory form--18, with chronic cerebro-vascular insufficiency--5 and with complete ischemic stroke--14. The diagnosis was established on the ground of routine clinical and instrumental examination findings. The authors consider an angiographic investigation of the patients to be indispensible. In the presence of an angiographically confirmed occlusion of the brachycephalic trunk the authors hold indicated reconstructive surgery in patients of all the mentioned clinical groups. As a basic type of the reconstructive operation is regarded resection of the trunk with prosthetics. The circulation could be restored in all of the patients operated upon. Late follow-up of the surgically treated patients (up to 10 years) proves that in the treatment of arterial insufficiency of the brain the reconstructive operation on the occluded brachycephalic trunk is a highly effective method.

[Indications for surgical treatment of cerebrovascular insufficiency in patients with occlusive lesions in the brachiocephalic vessels]. / Pokazaniia k khirurgicheskomu lecheniiu sosudisto-mozgovoi nedostatochnosti u bol'nykh s okkliuziruiushchimi porazheniiami brakhiotsefal'nykh sosudov.

The authors studied and operated on 172 patients with cerebro-vascular insufficiency due to occlusional lesions of the brachiocephalic vessels. According to the pre-operational signs of cerebro-vascular insufficiency 4 clinical groups were distinguished; 1) with asymptomatical oclusions; 2) transient disorders of cerebral circulation; 3) with chronic cerebro-vascular insufficiency and 4) with ischemic strokes. On the basis of an analysis of the direct and remote results of reconstructional operations indications to surgical treatment were determined. The best results were obtained in patients of the 1st and the 2nd groups, where the blood flow in the reconstructed vessel was restituted in 74 and 92% of the cases. Poor result of surgical treatment was seen in patients with severe brain lesions, especially after repeated ischemic strokes. However, in patients of the 3d and 4th groups with moderately crude cerebral changes it was possible to restitute the blood flow in 57% of the cases most frequently on the side contralateral to the lesion. The conclusion is made that surgical treatment is definitely indicated in asymptomatic occlusions and transient disorders of cerebral circulation as well as in chronic cerebro-vascular insufficiency and ischemic strokes, if however, the neurological deficiency is moderate.

[Efficacy of transecting the anterior scalene muscle in the scalenus anticus syndrome (syndrome of the scalene muscle)]. / Effektivnost' operatsii peresechneiia perednei lestnichnoi myshtsy pri skalenus-sindrome (sindrome lestnichnoi myshtsy)

The authors observed 111 cases with the anterior scalenus syndrome. Ninety-three patients underwent surgical treatment. Acknowledging the predominant role of the anterior scalenus muscle in the pathogenesis of this disorder the authors performed scalenotomia. In the group of patients with a noncomplicated development of the disease (48 cases) the operation appeared to be effective in 93.7% of the cases, while in vascular complications (45 cases) the effectiveness of the operation was significantly reduced. A positive result in these cases was attained only in 51.1%. On the basis of these data the authors come to the conclusion that scalenotomia performed in the initial, noncomplicated stages of the disease is a good prophylactic measure for severe complications in the magistral vessels and is an effective method of treatment of the scalenus-anticus syndrome.