Family reaction to coming out (FRCO): A Spanish adaptation and validation of perceived parental reactions scale.

Family reactions to coming out can affect the mental health of individuals who disclose their sexual orientation or gender identity. Therefore, it is important to have an appropriate tool to assess them. The Perceived Parental Reactions Scale (PPRS) assessed perceived parental reactions to the disclosure of gay, lesbian, or bisexual sexual orientation by their children. We adapted the PPRS so that it can be answered by any individual belonging to a sexual or gender minority, and can be answered regarding any member of the family, not just parents. A total of 2627 individuals from Spain participated in this study, with a mean age of 31.59 (SD = 11.26). Participants completed the adapted PPRS questionnaire, now named the Family Reaction to Coming Out (FRCO). The FRCO assessed family reactions when disclosing their sexual orientation or gender identity. The majority of participants identified as cisgender men (47.5%) or cisgender women (44.9%), and as gay/lesbian (51.9%). A one-factor model emerged through exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The FRCO displayed excellent internal consistency and demonstrated good levels of invariance for participants' gender (male vs female vs nonbinary gender), family member's gender (male vs female), and type of family member (parents vs other family member). Supporting convergent validity, the FRCO has shown a positive correlation with fear of family reaction to coming out. These findings support the validity and reliability of the FRCO tool in assessing the reactions of any family member within the Spanish context.

Attitudes towards the sexuality of adults with intellectual disabilities: Family, staff, community and student perspectives.

Background: The sexual expression of adults with intellectual disabilities can be hindered by negative attitudes towards their sexuality. This study aims to examine current attitudes of staff, family, community and students towards the sexuality of adults with intellectual disabilities and how sociodemographic variables may influence these attitudes. Methods: 305 participants completed an online questionnaire, including the ASEXID scale. Results: Scores were highest for the normalising attitude and lowest for the negative attitude, with intermediate scores for the paternalistic attitude. Staff and university students exhibited a more normalising attitude than families and community. Community participants exhibited a more negative attitude than staff and students. Older age was associated with less normalising and more paternalistic attitudes. Being male with a more negative attitude. Discussion: These findings should be taken into account by professionals. Intermediate scores on the paternalistic attitude may mediate difficulties in supporting adults with intellectual disabilities in their sexuality.

The relationship of stereotypes, social distance and sexuality knowledge with attitudes towards sexuality of people with mild intellectual disabilities.

BACKGROUND: The present study examines the relationship between stereotypical beliefs about people with intellectual disabilities, desire for social distance, and general knowledge about human sexuality with attitudes towards the sexuality of adults with mild intellectual disabilities. METHOD: Two hundred fifty participants from staff, family and community samples completed an online set of questionnaires. RESULTS: Higher agreement with stereotypical beliefs and lower sexual knowledge were associated with less normalising and more paternalistic attitudes towards the sexuality of adults with mild intellectual disabilities. Higher agreement with stereotypical beliefs was also associated with more negative attitudes. On the other hand, willingness to interact with these adults was associated with more normalising and less paternalistic attitudes. CONCLUSIONS: Interventions that aim to support adults with intellectual disabilities in relation to their sexuality should also address the perceptions of their support network towards them as individuals with disabilities, as well as their knowledge about sexuality.

Analysis of the Effectiveness of an Affective-Sexual Education Program for Adults with Intellectual Disabilities.

In recent years, the number of programs to improve sex education for people with intellectual disabilities has increased. However, in most cases, these programs do not provide any evidence of their impact. In the present study we analyzed the effectiveness of the SALUDIVERSEX affective-sexual education program for people with intellectual disabilities using a controlled trial design. 246 individuals from eastern Spain completed a battery of questionnaires before and after the intervention. Multilevel statistical analyses showed that the risk of experiencing sexual abuse had significantly decreased and knowledge about sexuality significantly increased among those who received the intervention compared to those who did not. The evaluation of the professionals who worked daily with the participants agreed on how knowledge about sexuality and intimacy increased and concerns about sexuality decreased among those in the intervention group. The SALUDIVERSEX program is a powerful educational strategy to promote better sexual health and quality of life for people with intellectual disabilities.

Conductas sexuales de riesgo para la infección por VIH/Sida en adolescentes colombianos / Risk sexual behaviors for HIV infection in colombian adolescents

El propósito del siguiente estudio fue evaluar los factores de riesgo para contraer el VIH/SIDA en adolescentes de ambos géneros y diferentes estratos sociales escolarizados de la ciudad de Medellín, Colombia. Se evaluó una muestra de 300 adolescentes mediante muestreo no aleatorio disponible de 10 y 11 grados de educación básica secundaria de diferentes colegios públicos y privados de la ciudad de Medellín, a quienes se les aplicó el cuestionario CPS desarrollado por Ballester, Gil, Guirado y Bravo (2004), encontrándose alta confiabilidad en el estudio. Finalmente se evidenció una baja información sobre los riesgos del VIH/SIDA en los adolescentes, acompañado por una baja percepción de vulnerabilidad especialmente en el género masculino, como de actitud poco sensible y solidaria ante los afectados por la enfermedad.