Highly selective visible light-induced Ti-O bond splitting in an ansa-titanocene dihydroxido complex.

Irradiation of a substituted ansa-titanocene(IV) dihydroxido complex with visible light induces Ti-O bond dissociation. In contrast to previous studies on structurally similar unbridged complexes, no side reactions are observed and formation of the Ti(III) species is highly selective. The formation of OH radicals was proved using a biradicaloid species.

Photocatalytic acceptorless alkane dehydrogenation: scope, mechanism, and conquering deactivation with carbon dioxide.

Alkane dehydrogenation is of special interest for basic science but also offers interesting opportunities for industry. The existing dehydrogenation methodologies make use of heterogeneous catalysts, which suffer from harsh reaction conditions and a lack of selectivity, whereas homogeneous methodologies rely mostly on unsolicited waste generation from hydrogen acceptors. Conversely, acceptorless photochemical alkane dehydrogenation in the presence of trans-Rh(PMe3 )2 (CO)Cl can be regarded as a more benign and atom efficient alternative. However, this methodology suffers from catalyst deactivation over time. Herein, we provide a detailed investigation of the trans-Rh(PMe3 )2 (CO)Cl-photocatalyzed alkane dehydrogenation using spectroscopic and theoretical investigations. These studies inspired us to utilize CO2 to prevent catalyst deactivation, which leads eventually to improved catalyst turnover numbers in the dehydrogenation of alkanes that include liquid organic hydrogen carriers.

Base-free non-noble-metal-catalyzed hydrogen generation from formic acid: scope and mechanistic insights.

The iron-catalyzed dehydrogenation of formic acid has been studied both experimentally and mechanistically. The most active catalysts were generated in situ from cationic Fe(II) /Fe(III) precursors and tris[2-(diphenylphosphino)ethyl]phosphine (1, PP3 ). In contrast to most known noble-metal catalysts used for this transformation, no additional base was necessary. The activity of the iron catalyst depended highly on the solvent used, the presence of halide ions, the water content, and the ligand-to-metal ratio. The optimal catalytic performance was achieved by using [FeH(PP3 )]BF4 /PP3 in propylene carbonate in the presence of traces of water. With the exception of fluoride, the presence of halide ions in solution inhibited the catalytic activity. IR, Raman, UV/Vis, and EXAFS/XANES analyses gave detailed insights into the mechanism of hydrogen generation from formic acid at low temperature, supported by DFT calculations. In situ transmission FTIR measurements revealed the formation of an active iron formate species by the band observed at 1543 cm(-1) , which could be correlated with the evolution of gas. This active species was deactivated in the presence of chloride ions due to the formation of a chloro species (UV/Vis, Raman, IR, and XAS). In addition, XAS measurements demonstrated the importance of the solvent for the coordination of the PP3 ligand.

Hydrogen generation by water reduction with [Cp*(2) Ti(OTf)]: identifying elemental mechanistic steps by combined in situ FTIR and in situ EPR spectroscopy supported by DFT calculations.

A detailed mechanism of hydrogen production by reduction of water with decamethyltitanocene triflate [Cp*2 Ti(III) (OTf)] has been derived for the first time, based on a comprehensive in situ spectroscopic study including EPR and ATR-FTIR spectroscopy supported by DFT calculations. It is demonstrated that two H2 O molecules coordinate to [Cp*2 Ti(III) (OTf)] subsequently forming [Cp2 *Ti(III) (H2 O)(OTf)] and [Cp*Ti(III) (H2 O)2 (OTf)]. Triflate stabilizes the water ligands by hydrogen bonding. Liberation of hydrogen proceeds only from the diaqua complex [Cp*Ti(III) (H2 O)2 (OTf)] and involves, most probably, abstraction and recombination of two H atoms from two molecules of [Cp*Ti(III) (H2 O)2 (OTf)] in close vicinity, which is driven by the formation of a strong covalent TiOH bond in the resulting final product [Cp*2 Ti(IV) (OTf)(OH)].

Selective reduction of amides to amines by boronic acid catalyzed hydrosilylation.

Not a 'B'ore! Benzothiophene-based boronic acids catalyze the reduction of tertiary, secondary, and primary amides in the presence of a hydrosilane. The reaction demonstrates good functional-group tolerance.