[Pathogenic aspects of influenza during the epidemics caused by A/H1N1v virus in 2009-2010 according autopsy data].

The paper is based upon the results of clinic-pathological and virological correlations in 29 lethal cases of influenza in Saint-Petersburg and Leningrad region during the epidemics 2009/2010. Immunohistochemical analysis of lungs, heart and brain using monoclonal sera to HA and HP proteins of influenza virus, virological and morphological analysis of experimental influenza in mice infected by A/WSN/33 (HIN1) and A/California/07/09 (H1N1) viruses had been carried out. In the majority of investigated strains was proved the amino acid mutation with replacement D222G. The replication of virus was demonstrated at the late stages of diseases, but the desquamation of respiratory epithelium and cytoproliferative weren't found out. Besides the "influenza cells", previously described by A. V Zinserling the cells with enlarge light nuclei were observed. Patients with influenza died from respiratory distress syndrome with minimal bacterial infection. We've established that H1N1 virus not only damages the cells of respiratory epithelium and alveolar macrophages but it can injure endothelium of different organs and neuroglia. The questions which have to be discussed are listed.

[Architecture of the X chromosome, expression of LIM kinase 1, and recombination in the agnostic mutants of Drosophila: a model of human Williams syndrome]. / Osobennosti arkhitektury X-khromosomy, ékspressii LIM kinazy 1 i rekombinatsii u mutantov drozofily lokusa agnostic: model' sindroma uil'iamsa cheloveka.

As the Human Genome and Drosophila Genome Projects were completed, it became clear that functions of human disease-associated genes may be elucidated by studying the phenotypic expression of mutations affecting their structural or functional homologs in Drosophila. Genomic diseases were identified as a new class of human disorders. Their cause is recombination, which takes place at gene-flanking duplicons to generate chromosome aberrations such as deletions, duplications, inversions, and translocations. The resulting imbalance of the dosage of developmentally important genes arises at a frequency of 10(-3) (higher than the mutation rate of individual genes) and leads to syndromes with multiple manifestations, including cognitive defects. Genomic DNA fragments were cloned from the Drosophila melanogaster agnostic locus, whose mutations impair learning ability and memory. As a result, the locus was exactly localized in X-chromosome region 11A containing the LIM kinase 1 (LIMK1) gene (CG1848), which is conserved among many species. Hemizygosity for the LIMK1 gene, which is caused by recombination at neighboring extended repeats, underlies cognitive disorders in human Williams syndrome. LIMK1 is a component of the integrin signaling cascade, which regulates the functions of the actin cytoskeleton, synaptogenesis, and morphogenesis in the developing brain. Immunofluorescence analysis revealed LIMK1 in all subdomains of the central complex and the visual system of Drosophila melanogaster. Like in the human genome, the D. melanogaster region is flanked by numerous repeats, which were detected by molecular genetic methods and analysis of ectopic chromosome pairing. The repeats determined a higher rate of spontaneous and induced recombination. including unequal crossing over, in the agnostic gene region. Hence, the agnostic locus was considered as the first D. melanogaster model suitable for studying the genetic defect associated with Williams syndrome in human.

[Clinical differences in senile dementia of the Alzheimer's type and in multi-infarct dementia]. / O klinicheskikh razlichiiakh senil'noi dementsii al'tsgeimerovskogo tipa i mul'tiinfarktnoi dementsii.

Impoverished grasp of the abstract and the essential notions (IG) and delusion of stealing (DS) were investigated in Alzheimer's senile dementia (ASD) and multi-infarction dementia (MID). IG severity was evaluated in impairment of memory and disorientation in 67 ASD and 70 MID patients. DS was studied in 24 ASD and 56 MID patients. It was found that in similar impairment of memory and disorientation, IG was more distinct in ASD, especially at early stages of the disease. DS occurred more frequently in ASD than in MID. In MID the IG and DS symptoms were more common and severe in patients over 80. No age-specific relations were recorded in ASD. The findings suggest involvement of cerebral senile-atrophic processes in IG and DS genesis in MID patients.

[The characteristics of the regulation of blood lipid peroxidation in acute pneumonia and acute pneumonia combined with diabetes mellitus]. / Osobennosti reguliatsii perekisnogo okisleniia lipidov krovi pri ostroi pnevmonii i pri ostroi pnevmonii v sochetanii s sakharnym diabetom.

The changes in the levels of diene conjugates, Schiff bases and malonic dialdehyde were followed up in red blood cells and plasma of 178 acute pneumonia (AP), diabetes mellitus (DM) and AP+DM patients. The findings for AP and AP+DM were compared to acute-phase indices of the inflammation and clinical pattern. The blood of the patients was endovascularly exposed to low-energy He-Ne laser irradiation. The resultant trends in LPO were recorded. It is concluded that by changes in the concentrations of diene conjugates, Schiff bases and malonic dialdehyde one can judge on the course of the above diseases and evaluate efficacy of on-going treatments, eg. He-Ne laser, antioxidants.

[Effect of endovascular laser irradiation of the blood of patients with diabetic angiopathies]. / Effekt éndovaskuliarnogo lazernogo oblucheniia krovi u bol'nykh diabeticheskimi angiopatiiami.

The activity of primary and secondary products of lipid peroxidation and antiperoxide protection enzymes was investigated in 33 patients with diabetes mellitus, complicated by lower limb angiopathies before and after endovascular laser irradiation of blood. Tissue microcirculation was evaluated on the basis of the results of capillaroscopy and thermography of the limbs, and biomicroscopy of the conjunctiva. Blood was irradiated with the help of a light guide for 60 min. Laser therapy led to a decrease in the activity of processes of free radical oxidation, acting probably on antiperoxide protection enzymes. Tissue microcirculation was markedly improved.

[Effectiveness of amiridin in senile dementia of the Alzheimer type]. / Effektivnost' amiridina pri senil'noi dementsii al'tsgeimerovskogo tipa.

As many as 88 patients with Alzheimer's type senile dementia were followed up. Of these, 28 patients suffered from marked and 60 from unpronounced dementia. 74 patients received amiridine and 14 made up a control group. Amiridine was administered per os in the daily doses 20, 40 and 60 mg. The treatment lasted up to 14 months. The follow-up studies included clinical observations and testing according to a specially devised scale. A double blind study was carried out together with examinations of the drug withdrawal effect and comparisons of the main and control groups. All the tests demonstrated amiridine to have a well-defined therapeutic effect in 30-46% of the patients. Cognitive functions and the general mental status of the patients continued improving or got stabilized for a long time (up to 14 months). The speech improved for a shorter period of time. Amiridine was found to produce a beneficial effect both at the initial and marked stages of the disease. The most significant results were attained in the patients with unmarked dementia. The treatment efficacy correlated well with the dose of amiridine.

[Functional status of the cardiovascular system of adolescents with a hereditary predisposition to atherosclerosis]. / Funktsional'noe sostoianie serdechno-sosudistoi sistemy u podrostkov s otiagoshchennoi nasledstvennost'iu po aterosklerozu.

A study of 70 teenagers between 11 and 15, whose parents had suffered, before they were 45, myocardial infarction in the presence of verified coronary arterial atherosclerosis, revealed no organic cardiac changes, while some signs of neurocirculatory dystonia were combined with increased incidence of coronary risk factors and dyslipoproteinemia.

[Lipids and apoproteins in the blood plasma of children with a hereditary disposition to ischemic heart disease]. / Lipid i apoproteiny v plazme krovi detei s nasledstvennoi predraspolozhennost'iu k ishemicheskoi bolezni serdtsa.

An investigation of children with aggravated heredity (coronary disease), and those with vegetovascular dystonia whose parents had no clinically apparent coronary disease demonstrated unidirectional shifts in the lipoprotein system of the two samples as compared to the controls: increased cholesterol levels in low-density lipoproteins and lowered cholesterol in high-density lipoproteins and apoprotein A1. In children with aggravated heredity, these changes are also associated with vegetovascular dystonia, whereas in the absence of the latter they are not apparent or minimal. At the same time, certain differences in cholesterol distribution over lipoprotein fractions and protein/lipid ratios suggest that mechanisms of changes are not identical in children with aggravated heredity and those free from it.