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Background: ß-blockers have been widely used in patients with extensive cardiovascular disease (CVD) and have provided benefits. However, they are more likely to cause symptomatic bradycardia, hypotension, or glucose metabolism disorders, which may lead to an increased risk of atrial fibrillation (AF), but evidence is lacking. Aims: This study was to analyze the association between the use of ß-blockers and the risk of developing AF. Methods: This nationwide, prospective cohort study utilized data from the 2013-2020 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). The patients were stratified into a ß-blocker treatment group (n = 2585) and a non-ß-blocker treatment group (n = 8525). Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify the relationship between ß-blockades and the risk of AF. Propensity matching analysis was used to balance patient baseline characteristics and to control for confounders. Results: A total of 11,110 subjects were included in this study (mean [SD] age, 59.89 [15.07] years; 5657 [49.7%] males). A total of 111/2585 subjects developed AF in the ß-blocker treatment group, and 75/8525 developed AF in the non-ß-blocker treatment group (incidence rate, 4.2% vs. 0.8%). Compared with the non-ß-blocker group, the ß-blocker group had an increased risk of incident AF (aOR, 2.339; 95% CI, 1.614-3.410). Some sensitivity analyses also revealed consistent findings of increased AF risk associated with ß-blocker treatment. Conclusion: The findings from this study suggest that ß-blocker treatment is associated with an increased risk of incident AF and may help physicians select a modest medication for patients while also assessing the risk of AF.
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BACKGROUND: Colorectal cancer is one of the most common digestive tract tumors. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the feasibility and safety of laparoscopic colorectal cancer surgery. METHODS: This study retrospectively analyzed early postoperative clinical data of 48 patients with colorectal cancer treated in our hospital between 2015 and 2021, of which 21 underwent laparoscopic colorectal surgery, and 27 underwent laparotomy. There was no significant difference in clinical data. Patients were included if they had colorectal cancer (confirmed by colonoscopy and biopsy pathological examination before surgery), were evaluated for possible radical surgery before surgery, and had no intestinal obstruction, tumor invasion of adjacent organs (by digital rectal examination and preoperative abdominal color Doppler ultrasound, CT confirmed) and no other history of abdominal surgery. Using the method of clinical control study, operation time, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative general condition, surgical lymph node removal (postoperative pathology), surgical complications, gastrointestinal function recovery, surgical before and after blood glucose, body temperature, white blood cells, pain visual analog scale (VAS) and other conditions were compared and analyzed to determine feasibility and safety of laparoscopic surgery for colorectal cancer. RESULTS: Colorectal cancer was successfully removed by laparoscopic radical resection without any significant problems or surgical fatalities. Age, gender, tumor location, stage, and duration of surgery did not differ between laparoscopic and laparotomy operations. Compared to laparotomy, postoperative eating, bowel movements, and blood sugar levels improved. Variations in the length of surgically removed specimens after VAS measurements revealed open and laparoscopic operations. The overall lymph node count was 10.8 ± 1.6, with no variation between the two techniques. CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic colorectal cancer radical surgery is safe and feasible. Also, it has the advantages of minimally invasive surgery. Laparoscopic colorectal cancer radical surgery can comply with the principles of oncology revolutionary.
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Colonoscopía , Neoplasias Colorrectales , Laparoscopía , Humanos , Laparoscopía/métodos , Femenino , Masculino , Neoplasias Colorrectales/cirugía , Neoplasias Colorrectales/patología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios Retrospectivos , Colonoscopía/métodos , Anciano , Adulto , Tempo Operativo , Estudios de Factibilidad , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
In order to establish a connection between the ballistic performance and mechanical properties of armor steel, a ballistic simulation model was developed and subsequently validated for accuracy and reliability. The mechanical properties of the target plate were described using the Johnson-Cook constitutive relation. An analysis was conducted to investigate the impact of the J-C parameters of the target plate on its ballistic performance, revealing a strong linear relationship between them. Subsequently, a mathematical model represented as H = 14.82 - 0.0048A - 0.0023B + 5.95n - 81.3C was derived, and its accuracy was demonstrated to exceed 90%. This mathematical model can effectively predict the ballistic performance of the armor steel, even when its mechanical properties undergo variations during the production process. This prediction capability significantly contributes to reducing research costs and time.
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BACKGROUND: Internet addiction (IA) has emerged as a recognized risk factor associated with impaired health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in adolescents. However, the role of sleep disturbance in this association remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the association of IA with HRQOL in Chinese adolescents and to evaluate the potential mediating role of sleep disturbance. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted among adolescents attending six randomly selected middle schools in Guangzhou, China. Adolescents self-reported their internet use using the Young Diagnostic Questionnaire. HRQOL and sleep disturbance were assessed by the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory version 4.0 and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, respectively. Multivariate linear regression analysis was employed to assess the association between IA and HRQOL. Baron and Kenny's causal steps method was used to examine the possible mediating role of sleep disturbance. RESULTS: Of the 6473 adolescents included, 23.5% had maladaptive internet use (MIU) and 16.6% had pathological internet use (PIU). Compared to adolescents with adaptive internet use (AIU), those with IA had significantly lower scores across all HRQOL dimensions and summary scales. Mediation analysis revealed that sleep disturbance was a significant mediator. Specifically, sleep disturbance mediated 34.55% of the effects of MIU and 34.06% of the effects of PIU on the HRQOL total scale score , respectively. CONCLUSIONS: IA was associated with poorer HRQOL, indicating the needs of preventing IA in Chinese adolescents. Additionally, our findings underscored the importance of enhancing sleep quality to mitigate the adverse impact of IA on adolescents' well-being.
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Conducta Adictiva , Trastornos del Sueño-Vigilia , Niño , Humanos , Adolescente , Calidad de Vida , Estudios Transversales , Trastorno de Adicción a Internet/epidemiología , Conducta Adictiva/epidemiología , Conducta Adictiva/complicaciones , Trastornos del Sueño-Vigilia/epidemiología , Calidad del Sueño , InternetRESUMEN
Background: Studies have shown that sphingomyelin (SM) and its metabolites play signaling roles in the regulation of human health. Endogenous SM is involved in metabolic syndrome (MetS), while dietary SM supplementation may maintain lipid metabolism and prevent or alleviate MetS. Therefore, we hypothesized that dietary SM supplementation is beneficial for human health. Aims: In order to examine the impacts of dietary SM on metabolic indexes in adults without MetS, we performed a meta-analysis to test our hypothesis. Methods: A comprehensive search was performed to retrieve randomized controlled trials that were conducted between 2003 and 2023 to examine the effects of dietary SM supplementation on metabolic parameters in the Cochrane Library, PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and ClinicalTrials.gov databases. RevMan 5.4 and Stata 14.0 software were used for meta-analysis, a sensitivity analysis, the risk of bias, and the overall quality of the resulted evidence. Results: Eventually, 10 articles were included in this meta-analysis. Dietary SM supplementation did not affect the endline blood SM level. When compared to the control, SM supplementation reduced the blood total cholesterol level [MD: -12.97, 95% CI: (-14.57, -11.38), p < 0.00001], low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level [MD: -6.62, 95% CI: (-10.74, -2.49), p = 0.002], and diastolic blood pressure [MD: -3.31; 95% CI (-4.03, -2.58), p < 0.00001] in adults without MetS. The supplementation also increased high-density lipoprotein level [MD:1.41, 95% CI: (0.94, 1.88), p < 0.00001] and muscle fiber conduction velocity [MD: 95% 1.21 CI (0.53, 1.88), p = 0.0005]. The intake of SM had no effect on the blood phospholipids and lyso-phosphatidylcholine, but slightly decreased phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, and phosphatidylinositol concentrations. Dietary SM supplementation reduced insulin level [MD: -0.63; 95% CI (-0.96, -0.31), p = 0.0001] and HOMA-IR [MD: -0.23; 95% CI (-0.31, -0.16), p < 0.00001] without affecting blood levels of glucose and inflammatory cytokines. Conclusion: Overall, dietary SM supplementation had a protective effect on blood lipid profiles and insulin level, but had limited impacts on other metabolic parameters in adults without MetS. More clinical trials and basic research are required. Systematic review registration: PROSPERO, identifier CRD42023438460.
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Staphylococcus aureus can readily form biofilm which enhances the drug-resistance, resulting in life-threatening infections involving different organs. Biofilm formation occurs due to a series of developmental events including bacterial adhesion, aggregation, biofilm maturation, and dispersion, which are controlled by multiple regulatory systems. Rapidly increasing research and development outcomes on natural products targeting S. aureus biofilm formation and/or regulation led to an emergent application of active phytochemicals and combinations. This review aimed at providing an in-depth understanding of biofilm formation and regulation mechanisms for S. aureus, outlining the most important antibiofilm strategies and potential targets of natural products, and summarizing the latest progress in combating S. aureus biofilm with plant-derived natural products. These findings provided further evidence for novel antibiofilm drugs research and clinical therapies.
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Overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS), metal ion accumulation, and tricarboxylic acid cycle collapse are crucial factors in mitochondria-mediated cell death. However, the highly adaptive nature and damage-repair capabilities of malignant tumors strongly limit the efficacy of treatments based on a single treatment mode. To address this challenge, a self-reinforced bimetallic Mito-Jammer is developed by incorporating doxorubicin (DOX) and calcium peroxide (CaO2) into hyaluronic acid (HA) -modified metal-organic frameworks (MOF). After cellular, Mito-Jammer dissociates into CaO2 and Cu2+ in the tumor microenvironment. The exposed CaO2 further yields hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and Ca2+ in a weakly acidic environment to strengthen the Cu2+-based Fenton-like reaction. Furthermore, the combination of chemodynamic therapy and Ca2+ overload exacerbates ROS storms and mitochondrial damage, resulting in the downregulation of intracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels and blocking of Cu-ATPase to sensitize cuproptosis. This multilevel interaction strategy also activates robust immunogenic cell death and suppresses tumor metastasis simultaneously. This study presents a multivariate model for revolutionizing mitochondria damage, relying on the continuous retention of bimetallic ions to boost cuproptosis/immunotherapy in cancer.
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Peróxido de Hidrógeno , Neoplasias , Humanos , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno , Adenosina Trifosfato , Muerte Celular , Mitomicina , Microambiente TumoralRESUMEN
With the increasing prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus infections, rapid emergence of drug resistance and the slow healing of infected wounds, developing an efficient antibiotic-free multifunctional wound dressing for inhibiting S. aureus and simultaneously facilitating wound healing have become a huge challenge. Due to their excellent biocompatibility and biodegradability, some carbopol hydrogels based on plant extracts or purified compounds have already been applied in wound healing treatment. In China, Euphorbia humifusa Willd. (EuH) has been traditionally used as a medicine and food homologous medicine for the treatment of furuncles and carbuncles mainly caused by S. aureus infection. In an earlier study, EuH-originated flavonoids quercetin (QU) and luteolin (LU) could serve as a potential source for anti-S. aureus drug discovery when used in synergy. However, the in vivo effects of QU and LU on S. aureus-infected wound healing are still unknown. In this study, we found a series of Carbopol 940-based hydrogels loading QU and LU in combination could disinfect S. aureus and also could promote wound healing. In the full-thickness skin defect mouse model infected with S. aureus, the wound contraction ratio, bacterial burden, skin hyperplasia and inflammation score, as well as collagen deposition and blood vessels were then investigated. The results indicate that the optimized QL2 [QU (32 µg mL-1)-LU (8 µg mL-1)] hydrogel with biocompatibility significantly promoted S. aureus-infected wound healing through anti-infection, anti-inflammation, collagen deposition, and angiogenesis, revealing it as a promising alternative for infected wound repair.
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Activation of the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase-stimulator of interferon genes (cGAS-STING) pathway has emerged as an efficient strategy to improve the therapeutic outcomes of immunotherapy. However, the "constantly active" mode of current STING agonist delivery strategies typically leads to off-target toxicity and hyperimmunity. To address this critical issue, herein a metal-organic frameworks-based nanoagonist (DZ@A7) featuring tumor-specific and near-infrared (NIR) light-enhanced decomposition is constructed for precisely localized STING activation and photodynamic-metalloimmunotherapy. The engineered nanoagonist enabled the generation of mitochondria-targeted reactive oxygen species under NIR irradiation to specifically release mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and inhibit the repair of nuclear DNA via hypoxia-responsive drugs. Oxidized tumor mtDNA serves as an endogenous danger-associated molecular pattern that activates the cGAS-STING pathway. Concurrently, NIR-accelerated zinc ions overloading in cancer cells further enhance the cGAS enzymatic activity through metalloimmune effects. By combining the synergistically enhanced activation of the cGAS-STING pathway triggered by NIR irradiation, the engineered nanoagonist facilitated the maturation of dendritic cells and infiltration of cytotoxic T lymphocytes for primary tumor eradication, which also established a long-term anti-tumor immunity to suppress tumor metastasis. Therefore, the developed nanoagonist enabled NIR-triggered, agonist-free, and tandem-amplified activation of the cGAS-STING pathway, thereby offering a distinct paradigm for photodynamic-metalloimmunotherapy.
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Inmunoterapia , Rayos Infrarrojos , Proteínas de la Membrana , Estructuras Metalorgánicas , Nucleotidiltransferasas , Fotoquimioterapia , Fotoquimioterapia/métodos , Animales , Proteínas de la Membrana/metabolismo , Nucleotidiltransferasas/metabolismo , Ratones , Humanos , Estructuras Metalorgánicas/química , Estructuras Metalorgánicas/farmacología , Línea Celular Tumoral , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno/metabolismo , ADN Mitocondrial/metabolismo , Neoplasias/terapia , Neoplasias/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias/patología , Nanopartículas/química , Fármacos Fotosensibilizantes/química , Fármacos Fotosensibilizantes/farmacología , Fármacos Fotosensibilizantes/uso terapéuticoRESUMEN
An investigation on the secondary metabolites from a rice culture broth of the endophytic fungus Neurospora terricola HDF-Br-2 derived from the vulnerable conifer Pseudotsuga gaussenii led to the isolation and characterization of 34 structurally diverse polyketides (1-34). Seven of them are previously undescribed, including five unprecedented dihydropyran-containing (terricoxanthones A-E, 1-5, resp.) and one rare tetrahydrofuran-containing (terricoxanthone F, 6) dimeric xanthones. The structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses. Terricoxanthones each were obtained as a racemic mixture. Their plausible biosynthetic relationships were briefly proposed. Compounds 6, aspergillusone A (8), and alatinone (27) displayed considerable inhibition against Candida albicans with MIC values of 8-16 µg/mL. 4-Hydroxyvertixanthone (12) and 27 exhibited significant inhibitory activities against Staphylococcus aureus, with MIC values of 4-8 µg/mL. Furthermore, compounds 8 and 27 could disrupt biofilm of S. aureus and C. albicans at 128 µg/mL. The findings not only extend the skeletons of xanthone dimers and contribute to the diversity of metabolites of endophytes associated with the endangered Chinese conifer P. gaussenii, but could further reveal the important role of protecting plant species diversity in support of chemical diversity and potential sources of new therapeutics.
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Neurospora , Pseudotsuga , Tracheophyta , Xantonas , Staphylococcus aureus , Hongos , Xantonas/química , Estructura Molecular , Pruebas de Sensibilidad MicrobianaRESUMEN
As the need for sustainable battery chemistry grows, non-metallic ammonium ion (NH4 + ) batteries are receiving considerable attention because of their unique properties, such as low cost, nontoxicity, and environmental sustainability. In this study, the solvation interactions between NH4 + and solvents are elucidated and design principles for NH4 + weakly solvated electrolytes are proposed. Given that hydrogen bond interactions dominate the solvation of NH4 + and solvents, the strength of the solvent's electrostatic potential directly determines the strength of its solvating power. As a proof of concept, succinonitrile with relatively weak electronegativity is selected to construct a metal-free eutectic electrolyte (MEE). As expected, this MEE is able to significantly broaden the electrochemical stability window and reduce the solvent binding energy in the solvation shell, which leads to a lower desolvation energy barrier and a fast charge transfer process. As a result, the as-constructed NH4 -ion batteries exhibit superior reversible rate capability (energy density of 65 Wh kg-1 total active mass at 600 W kg-1 ) and unprecedent long-term cycling performance (retention of 90.2% after 1000 cycles at 1.0 A g-1 ). The proposed methodology for constructing weakly hydrogen bonded electrolytes will provide guidelines for implementing high-rate and ultra-stable NH4 + -based energy storage systems.
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BACKGROUND: To examine the associations of the independent and combined healthy lifestyle factors with health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in adolescents, and to test the moderating role of gender. METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 5125 adolescents aged between 11 and 20 years. They provided self-reported data on six healthy lifestyle factors, including never smoking, never drinking, good sleep quality, sufficient sleep duration, appropriate Internet use, and adequate physical activity. Adolescents' HRQOL was evaluated using the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory version 4.0. Linear regression models were conducted to explore the association of individual and combined healthy lifestyle factors with adolescents' HRQOL. We further performed stratified analyses and likelihood ratio test to explore the moderating role of gender in these associations. RESULTS: Of the included adolescents, the proportions with 0-2, 3, 4, and 5-6 healthy lifestyle factors were 13.6%, 26.4%, 44.3%, and 15.7%, respectively. Compared to adolescents with composite healthy lifestyle scores of 0-2, those with scores of 3, 4, or 5-6 had significantly higher HRQOL scores across all dimensions, summary scales, and total scale in both unadjusted and adjusted models. Specifically, adolescents with 5-6 healthy lifestyle factors had a total scale score that was 19.03 (95%CI: 17.76 to 20.30) points higher than their counterparts who only had 0-2 healthy lifestyle factors. Significant dose-response patterns were also observed in aforementioned associations. Gender was a significant moderator in the associations between composite healthy lifestyle groups and HRQOL scores, except for the social functioning dimension. CONCLUSIONS: Our results confirmed that combined healthy lifestyle factors were associated with improved HRQOL among adolescents, with a stronger association observed in girls. These findings underscore the necessity for education and healthcare authorities to design health-promoting strategies that encourage multiple healthy lifestyle factors in adolescents, with the objective of enhancing their overall health outcomes.
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Pueblos del Este de Asia , Estilo de Vida Saludable , Calidad de Vida , Adolescente , Niño , Femenino , Humanos , Adulto Joven , Estudios Transversales , Ejercicio Físico/fisiologíaRESUMEN
With the continuous improvement of the standard of living, people are increasingly inclined towards natural, green, and environmentally friendly products. Plant-based products that are safe, natural, non-toxic, and beneficial to human health are often more favored. Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is a polymer obtained through lactate polymerization using renewable plant resources such as corn and has excellent biocompatibility and biodegradability. It is widely used in the field of food packaging. Wormwood oil (WO) is an oil extracted from the stems and leaves of Artemisia plants, and it has broad-spectrum antibacterial properties. In this article, through electrospinning technology, wormwood oil was directly incorporated into PLA, giving the PLA nanofiber membrane antioxidant and antibacterial functions. Various parameters such as voltage (11 KV, 13 KV, 15 KV), spinning solution concentration (8%, 10%, 12%), distance (15 cm, 17 cm, 19 cm), and feeding rate (0.4 mL/h, 0.5 mL/h, 0.6 mL/h) were explored, and the resulting spun fibers were characterized. Through SEM characterization, it was found that when the spinning voltage was 13 KV, the spinning solution concentration was 10%, the distance was 17 cm, and the feeding rate was 0.5 mL/h, the nanofiber membrane had a smooth morphology without bead formation, with an average diameter of 260 nm. The nanofiber membrane was characterized using FTIR, TG, and SEM, confirming the successful incorporation of artemisia essential oil into PLA. The prepared antimicrobial nanofilm was subjected to antimicrobial testing, and the results showed that as the concentration of the essential oil increased, the inhibition zones also increased. When wormwood oil concentration was 4%, the diameter of the inhibition zone for Staphylococcus aureus increased from 1.0 mm to 3.5 mm, while the diameter of the inhibition zone for Escherichia coli increased from 2.0 mm to 4.5 mm.
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BACKGROUND: Limited research has simultaneously examined the link between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), short sleep duration, and depressive symptoms among middle-aged or older Chinese adults. This study aims to investigate the association between ACEs and later-life depressive symptoms, and to examine the mediating role of short sleep duration (<6 h/night) in this association. METHODS: Data of 11,452 participants aged ≥45 years were obtained from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. Information on ACEs, depressive symptoms, and sleep duration were reported via questionnaires. The mediating effect of short sleep duration in the association between ACEs and depressive symptoms was examined by Baron and Kenny's causal steps method and Karlson/Holm/Breen (KHB) method. RESULTS: Compared to non-exposed group, exposure to ACEs was significantly associated with increased odds of depressive symptoms in a dose-response pattern. The odds ratio of depressive symptoms increased from 1.27 (95 % CI: 1.11-1.46) for one ACE to 3.38 (95 % CI: 2.92-3.90) for ≥4 ACEs. The KHB method identified significant mediating role of short sleep duration in the association between experiencing three or more ACEs and depressive symptoms, with the proportional mediation estimated at 8.96 % and 8.85 % for the groups with 3 ACEs and ≥4 ACEs, respectively. The results were consistent across genders and gender did not moderate these associations. LIMITATIONS: The cross-sectional design limited the ability to make causal inference. CONCLUSIONS: ACEs were positively associated with depressive symptoms, and short sleep duration partially mediated this association. Promoting optimal sleep duration among ACE-exposed individuals might improve their mental health.
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Experiencias Adversas de la Infancia , Duración del Sueño , Persona de Mediana Edad , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Anciano , Estudios Transversales , Depresión/epidemiología , Estudios Longitudinales , China/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
Quantitative NMR (qNMR), being a well-established analytical tool featuring efficiency, simplicity as well as versatility, has been extensively employed in pharmaceutical and medicinal testing. In this study, two 1H qNMR methods were developed to determine the %wt/wt potency of two new chemical entities (compound A and compound B) used in early clinical phase process chemistry and formulation development. The qNMR methods were demonstrated to be significantly more sustainable and efficient than the LC-based approach by substantially reducing the cost, hands-on-time, and materials consumed for testing. The qNMR methods were achieved on a 400 MHz NMR spectrometer equipped with 5 mm BBO S1 broad band room temperature probe. The methods with CDCl3 (for compound A) and DMSO-d6 (compound B) as solvent as well as commercially certified standards for quantitation were phase-appropriately qualified in terms of specificity, accuracy, repeatability/precision, linearity, and range. Both qNMR methods were demonstrated to be linear over the range of 0.8-1.2 mg/mL (80% to 120% of the nominal sample concentration of 1.0 mg/mL) with a correlation coefficient greater than 0.995. The methods were also demonstrated to be accurate with average recoveries ranging from 98.8% to 98.9% and 99.4-99.9% for compound A and compound B respectively as well as precise with %RSD of 0.46% and 0.33% for compound A and compound B respectively. The potency results of compound A and compound B determined by qNMR were compared with those determined by the conventional LC-based method and the qNMR results were demonstrated to be consistent with the LC-based method with absolute difference of 0.4% and 0.5% for compound A and B respectively.
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Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Espectroscopía de Resonancia Magnética/métodos , Estándares de Referencia , Preparaciones FarmacéuticasRESUMEN
The development of flexible lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) imposes demands on energy density and high mechanical durability simultaneously. Due to the limited deformability of electrodes, as well as the flat and smooth surface of the metal current collectors, stable/durable/reliable contact between electrode materials and the current collectors remains a challenge, in particular, for electrodes with high loading mass and heavily deformed batteries. Binders play an essential role in binding particles of electrode materials and adhering them to current collectors. Herein, inspired by spider silk, a binder for flexible LIBs is developed, which equips a cross-linked supramolecular poly(urethane-urea) to the polyacrylic acid. The binder imparts super high elastic restorability originating from the meticulously engineered hydrogen-bonding segments as well as extraordinary adhesion. The developed binder provides excellent flexibility and intact electrode morphologies without disintegration even when the electrode is largely deformed, enabling a stable cycling and voltage output even when the batteries are put under tough dynamic deformation tests. The flexible LIBs exhibit a high energy density of 420 Wh L-1 , which is remarkably higher than reported numbers. The unique binder design is greatly promising and offers a valuable material solution for LIBs with high-loading mass and flexible designs.
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Background: The influence of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) on an individual's health is substantial. However, the associations between ACEs, problematic internet use (PIU), and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in adolescents remain underexplored.Objective: To assess the association between ACEs and HRQOL in Chinese adolescents and to evaluate the mediating role of PIU in this association.Method: A sample of 6,639 adolescents (3,457 boys and 3,182 girls) aged between 11-20 years (mean [SD] age: 14.5 [1.6] years) were recruited from 6 junior and senior middle schools using a proportional sampling approach in a cross-sectional study. Data on ACE exposure was collected through the short form of Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, the ACE-International Questionnaire, and two additional questions. HRQOL was assessed by the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory version 4.0. The associations between ACEs and HRQOL were estimated using linear regression models. Mediation analysis was further conducted to explore the possible mediating role of PIU in the association between ACEs and HRQOL.Results: Our study collected 13 different ACEs. We found that adolescents exposed to any ACE had significantly lower scores in all HRQOL dimensions, psychosocial health summary scale, and total scale, than those without such exposure. Specifically, adolescents with ≥ 3 ACE exposure had a total scale score that was 14.70 (95%CI: 15.53 to 13.87) points lower than their non-exposed counterparts. Mediation analysis identified PIU as a significant mediator, with the proportion of the total effect attributable to PIU ranging from 14.38% for social functioning to 17.44% for physical functioning.Conclusions: Exposure to ACEs was associated with poorer HRQOL in Chinese adolescents, underscoring the importance to prevent ACEs and their negative impacts on adolescent well-being. These findings also highlighted the need of promoting appropriate internet use among adolescents exposed to ACEs, in order to avert potential impairment in their HRQOL.HIGHLIGHTSAdolescents with adverse childhood experiences have poorer health-related quality of life.The association between adverse childhood experiences and health-related quality of life shows a dose-response pattern.Problematic internet use partially mediates the associations between adverse childhood experiences and health-related quality of life in adolescents.
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Experiencias Adversas de la Infancia , Calidad de Vida , Adolescente , Niño , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Adulto Joven , Estudios Transversales , Pueblos del Este de Asia , Uso de Internet , Calidad de Vida/psicologíaRESUMEN
The operating temperature of batteries is an essential consideration in actual applications. Understanding the temperature dependence is conducive to battery design. The experience in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) indicates that the dendrite issue is exacerbated at lower temperatures and suppressed at higher temperatures. In this study, we revealed the dendrite evolution in aqueous rechargeable zinc-based batteries (RZBs), for which the opposite temperature dependence was observed. Detailed investigations elucidate that the degree of matching of the interface reaction rate and ion diffusivity, together with side reactions, are the key factors that determine the cycling performance. The different properties of organic and aqueous electrolytes result in a reversed temperature dependence. We further conducted a detailed investigation of hybrid electrolytes (organic and aqueous) for balancing the ion diffusivity and side reactions to broaden the working temperature window for RZBs. This work reveals a completely opposite temperature dependence for LIBs and RZBs and discloses the underlying mechanism, reminding one of the differences between LIBs and RZBs in many aspects.
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Etnicidad , Litio , Humanos , Temperatura , Iones , ZincRESUMEN
Static headspace capillary gas chromatography (HSGC) has been employed to monitor the level of residual solvents in the pharmaceutical materials. Most of the HSGC methods, however, consume significant amounts of diluents and require considerable amount of sample preparation time. Accordingly, a HSGC method featured with fast turnaround time, and minimal amount of solvent use has been developed for the quantitative analysis of 27 residual solvents frequently used in the development and manufacturing processes of pharmaceutical industry. This HSGC-FID method employs a commercially available fused silica capillary column, a split injection (40:1), and a programmed temperature ramp. It was qualified for specificity, accuracy, repeatability/precision, linearity, LOQ, solution stability, and robustness using two representative sample matrices. The standards, samples and spiked samples were demonstrated to be stable for at least 10 days at room temperature in sealed headspace vials with a recovery of ≥ 93%. The method was also shown to be robust, and its performance was not affected by small changes of carrier gas flow rate, initial oven temperature or the headspace oven temperature. In this new approach, the analytical sample was prepared by dissolving the sample into 1 mL of the diluent and the standard solution was prepared by diluting 1 mL of the custom-made stock into 9 mL of the diluent whereas the traditional approach requires liters of the diluent, making the new approach environmentally friendly, sustainable, economical, agile, error-proofing and thus appropriate for a variety of pharmaceutical applications.