Distinguishing clinical and imaging characteristics of primary central nervous system lymphoma from high-grade glioma and metastatic brain tumors.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this retrospective analysis was to evaluate the clinical presentations, radiological characteristics, patient outcomes, and therapeutic approaches among individuals diagnosed with primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL), high-grade glioma (HGG), and metastatic brain tumors (METS). METHODS: We assembled a cohort of brain tumor patients from two medical centers, with two oncologists independently reviewing their clinical profiles. A retrospective examination of 87 PCNSL, 87 HGG, and 71 METS cases was performed to assess the aforementioned parameters. RESULTS: Notable variations were identified in the incidence of epileptic seizures and cognitive impairments between PCNSL and METS patients. Cerebral hemisphere involvement was predominantly observed in HGG and METS cases. PCNSL cases exhibited a higher likelihood of multiple lesions, whereas HGG showed a greater tendency for recurrence. The median survival times were established at 24.3 months for PCNSL, 44.5 months for HGG, and 27.1 months for METS patients. In PCNSL cases, the number of lesions was identified as a significant predictor of mortality (P = 0.008). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings highlight the importance of clinical and imaging features in diagnosing PCNSL, which may present distinct features compared to HGG and METS.

Design, Synthesis, and Anti-Inflammatory Activity Evaluation of Novel Indanone Derivatives for the Treatment of Vascular Dementia.

Vascular dementia (VaD) is a neurodegenerative disease resulting from cerebral vascular obstruction, leading to cognitive impairment, and currently lacks effective treatment options. Due to its complex pathogenesis, multi-target drug design (MTDLs) strategies are considered among the most promising therapeutic approaches. In this study, we designed and synthesized a series of novel indanone derivatives targeting targets related to vascular health and dementia. The results indicated that compound C5 exhibited excellent acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity (IC50 = 1.16 ± 0.41 µM) and anti-platelet aggregation activity (IC50 = 4.92 ± 0.10 µM) within ranges of 0.1-1000 µM and 0.03-300 µM, respectively, possibly mediated by molecular docking interactions. Furthermore, compound C5 demonstrated protective effects on cells at concentrations ≤50 µM, significantly reducing the release of nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1ß) in a concentration-dependent manner, showcasing its potent neuroinflammatory inhibitory effects. Anti-inflammatory therapies are regarded as effective strategies for treating VaD. Therefore, compound C5 holds promise as a novel candidate drug for further investigation into the treatment of vascular dementia.

Secondary rhinoplasty for unilateral cleft lip nasal deformity using the complex of autologous costal cartilage and fascia grafts.

BACKGROUND: Secondary unilateral cleft lip nasal deformity is a prevalent condition in the world, and surgical repair remains a formidable challenge. The objective of the study is to investigate functionally and aesthetically outcomes of a new technique using a complex of autologous costal cartilage and fascia grafts to repair the secondary unilateral cleft lip nasal deformity. METHODS: First, the autologous costal cartilage and fascia were harvested from a total of 34 patients with secondary unilateral cleft lip nasal deformity, who were undergoing treatments at the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University from April 2020 to June 2023. Then, the cartilage was sub-divided into 6 pieces and placed on the depressed alar base, nasal columella, lower lateral cartilage, and nasal tip. At the same time, the fascia was trimmed to cover the nasal tip cap graft and augment the dorsum of the nose. Patient outcomes were assessed through subjective evaluation and objective anthropometric measurements. In addition, associated complications were also examined. RESULTS: All were primary healing incisions, and no patients were encountered with any clinical complications. We found that the overall mean score of the Independent Rhinoplasty Outcome Score (IROS) was very good during the subjective assessment. Also, the objective measurements indicated an excellent nasal symmetry. Furthermore, both functionally and aesthetically satisfactory outcomes were obtained in all the patients during long-time follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Secondary rhinoplasty using the complex of autologous costal cartilage and fascia grafts is a safe and effective approach for unilateral cleft lip nasal deformity repair.

Exosomes from adipose-derived stem cells overexpressing microRNA-671-3p promote fat graft angiogenesis and adipogenic differentiation.

Exosomes from adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) have been demonstrated to benefit angiogenesis, wound healing, and fat grafting. Small noncoding RNAs such as microRNA (miRNA) and circular RNA play critical roles in mediating the function of ADSCs-derived exosomes. However, the underlying mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. In this study, we investigated the function and mechanism of human ADSCs-derived exosomes (hADSCs-Exo) in promoting fat graft angiogenesis and adipogenic differentiation. hADSCs-Exo were isolated and identified, and treatment with hADSCs-Exo enhanced fat graft angiogenesis and adipogenic differentiation in a mouse fat graft implantation model. We found that hADSCs-Exo overexpressed miR-671-3p and promoted human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) proliferation, migration, and invasion. Bioinformatics analysis and luciferase reporter assay validated that TMEM127 is a direct target of miR-671-3p. Rescue experiments demonstrated that TMEM127 overexpression partially antagonized the function of hADSCs-Exo in vitro, such as suppressing HUVEC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Moreover, TMEM127 overexpression abrogated the function of hADSCs-Exo on fat graft angiogenesis and adipogenic differentiation. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that miR-671-3p-overexpressing exosomes from ADSC promote fat graft angiogenesis and adipogenic differentiation, which highlights the potential of targeting the ADSC-Exosomes-miR-671-3p/TMEM127 axis to improve outcome of fat graft and tissue engineering regenerative medicine.

Tertiary Lymphoid Structures in Microorganism-Related Cancer.

Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs) are ectopic lymphoid tissues formed by the accumulation of lymphocytes and other components outside lymphoid organs. They have been shown to be widespread in cancers and have predictive effects on prognosis and immunotherapy efficacy; however, there is no standardized measurement guide. This paper provides a reference for future research. Moreover, the induction strategy for the formation mechanism of TLSs is a new direction for future cancer treatment, such as cancer vaccines for microorganisms. The effects of microorganisms on cancer are dual. The role of microorganisms, including bacteria, parasites, viruses, and fungi, in promoting cancer has been widely confirmed. However, the specific mechanism of their tumor suppressor effect, particularly the promotion of TLS formation, is currently unknown. In this review, we summarize the role of TLSs in cancer related to microbial infection and provide new ideas for further understanding their mechanisms of action in cancer.

AMIR: a multi-omics data platform for Asteraceae plants genetics and breeding research.

As the largest family of dicotyledon, the Asteraceae family comprises a variety of economically important crops, ornamental plants and numerous medicinal herbs. Advancements in genomics and transcriptomic have revolutionized research in Asteraceae species, generating extensive omics data that necessitate an efficient platform for data integration and analysis. However, existing databases face challenges in mining genes with specific functions and supporting cross-species studies. To address these gaps, we introduce the Asteraceae Multi-omics Information Resource (AMIR; https://yanglab.hzau.edu.cn/AMIR/), a multi-omics hub for the Asteraceae plant community. AMIR integrates diverse omics data from 74 species, encompassing 132 genomes, 4 408 432 genes annotated across seven different perspectives, 3897 transcriptome sequencing samples spanning 131 organs, tissues and stimuli, 42 765 290 unique variants and 15 662 metabolites genes. Leveraging these data, AMIR establishes the first pan-genome, comparative genomics and transcriptome system for the Asteraceae family. Furthermore, AMIR offers user-friendly tools designed to facilitate extensive customized bioinformatics analyses. Two case studies demonstrate AMIR's capability to provide rapid, reproducible and reliable analysis results. In summary, by integrating multi-omics data of Asteraceae species and developing powerful analytical tools, AMIR significantly advances functional genomics research and contributes to breeding practices of Asteraceae.

Associations between reproductive factors and the prevalence of depression: findings from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2005-2018.

BACKGROUND: This study aims to explore the relationship between female reproductive factors (age at first birth (AFB), age at last birth (ALB), gravidity, and number of live birth (NLB)) and prevalence of depression among the US women. METHODS: The relationship between AFB, ALB, gravidity, and NLB with the prevalence of depression was explored using publicly available data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005-2018. This cross-sectional study included female participants aged 20 years and older, with reproductive factors and depressive symptoms reported by the participants. Depression was evaluated using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, with a score of ≥ 10 representing major depression disorder. Weighted multivariable logistic regression and restricted cubic splines (RCS) were utilized to explore the association of AFB, ALB, gravidity and NLB with depression. RESULTS: In this study of 11,488 US women, 1,332 (11.6%) women had depression. Compared to the reference group of women with AFB under 18 years, the fully adjusted ORs and 95% CIs for depression were 0.83 (95% CI: 0.68-0.99), 0.75 (95% CI: 0.60-0.95), and 0.69 (95% CI: 0.51-0.93) for women with AFB of 21-23, 24-26, and 27-29 years, respectively. Furthermore, women with five or more pregnancies had a significantly higher prevalence of depression compared to those with two or fewer pregnancies (OR = 1.20, 95% CI: 1.01-1.42). RCS models demonstrated linear associations of ALB, gravidity and NLB with the prevalence of depression. Additionally, the RCS analysis revealed a roughly L-shaped relationship between AFB and prevalence of depression. CONCLUSIONS: Women with later AFB are associated with a decreased prevalence of depression, while multiple pregnancies are associated with an increased prevalence of depression. These findings suggest that reproductive factors should be considered when screening for and developing preventive strategies for depression.

Relativistic artificial molecule of two coupled graphene quantum dots at tunable distances.

In a molecule formed by two atoms, energy difference between bonding and antibonding orbitals depends on distance between the two atoms. However, exploring molecular orbitals of two natural atoms with tunable distance has remained an outstanding experimental challenge. Graphene quantum dots can be viewed as relativistic artificial atoms, thus offering a unique platform to study molecular physics. Here, through scanning tunneling microscope, we create and directly visualize the formation process of relativistic artificial molecules based on two coupled graphene quantum dots with tunable distance. Our study indicates that energy difference between the bonding and antibonding orbitals of the lowest quasibound state increases linearly with inverse distance between the two graphene quantum dots due to the relativistic nature of the artificial molecule. For quasibound states with higher orbital momenta, the coupling between these states leads to half-energy spacing of the confined states because the length of the molecular-like orbit is approximately twice that of the atomic-like orbit. Evolution from ring-like whispering-gallery modes in the artificial atoms to figure-eight orbitals in the artificial molecules is directly imaged. The ability to resolve the coupling and orbitals of the relativistic artificial molecule at the nanoscale level yields insights into the behavior of quantum-relativistic matter.

Spin-Polarized PdCu-Fe3O4 In-Plane Heterostructures with Tandem Catalytic Mechanism for Oxygen Reduction Catalysis.

Alloying has significantly upgraded the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) of Pd-based catalysts through regulating the thermodynamics of oxygenated intermediates. However, the unsatisfactory activation ability of Pd-based alloys toward O2 molecules limits further improvement of ORR kinetics. Herein, the precise synthesis of nanosheet assemblies of spin-polarized PdCu-Fe3O4 in-plane heterostructures for drastically activating O2 molecules and boosting ORR kinetics is reported. It is demonstrated that the deliberate-engineered in-plane heterostructures not only tailor the d-band center of Pd sites with weakened adsorption of oxygenated intermediates but also endow electrophilic Fe sites with strong ability to activate O2 molecules, which make PdCu-Fe3O4 in-plane heterostructures exhibit the highest ORR specific activity among the state-of-art Pd-based catalysts so far. In situ electrochemical spectroscopy and theoretical investigations reveal a tandem catalytic mechanism on PdCu-Fe3O4─Fe sites that initially activate molecular O2 and generate oxygenated intermediates being transferred to Pd sites to finish the subsequent proton-coupled electron transfer steps.

Engineering Lattice Oxygen Regeneration of NiFe Layered Double Hydroxide Enhances Oxygen Evolution Catalysis Durability.

The lattice oxygen mechanism (LOM) endows NiFe layered double hydroxide (NiFe-LDH) with superior oxygen evolution reaction (OER) activity, yet the frequent evolution and sluggish regeneration of lattice oxygen intensify the dissolution of active species. Herein, we overcome this challenge by constructing the NiFe hydroxide/Ni4Mo alloy (NiFe-LDH/Ni4Mo) heterojunction electrocatalyst, featuring the Ni4Mo alloy as the oxygen pump to provide oxygenous intermediates and electrons for NiFe-LDH. The released lattice oxygen can be timely offset by the oxygenous species during the LOM process, balancing the regeneration of lattice oxygen and assuring the enhancement of the durability. In consequence, the durability of NiFe-LDH is significantly enhanced after the modification of Ni4Mo with an impressively durability for over 60 h, much longer than that of NiFe-LDH counterpart with only 10 h. In-situ spectra and first-principle simulations reveal that the adsorption of OH- is significantly strengthened owing to the introduction of Ni4Mo, ensuring the rapid regeneration of lattice oxygen. Moreover, NiFe-LDH/Ni4Mo-based anion exchange membrane water electrolyzer (AEMWE) presents an impressive durability for over 150 h at 100 mA cm-2. The oxygen pump strategy opens opportunities to balance the evolution and regeneration of lattice oxygen, enhancing the durability of efficient OER catalysts.

COX15 deficiency causes oocyte ferroptosis.

Mitochondria play diverse roles in mammalian physiology. The architecture, activity, and physiological functions of mitochondria in oocytes are largely different from those in somatic cells, but the mitochondrial proteins related to oocyte quality and reproductive longevity remain largely unknown. Here, using whole-exome sequencing data from 1,024 women (characterized by oocyte maturation arrest and degenerated or morphologically abnormal oocytes) and 2,868 healthy controls, we performed a population and gene-based burden test for mitochondrial genes and identified a candidate gene, cytochrome c oxidase assembly protein 15 (COX15). We report that biallelic COX15 pathogenic variants cause human oocyte ferroptosis and female infertility in a recessive inheritance pattern. COX15 variants impaired mitochondrial respiration in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and led to reduced protein levels in HeLa cells. Oocyte-specific deletion of Cox15 led to impaired Fe2+ and reactive oxygen species homeostasis that caused mitochondrial dysfunction and ultimately sensitized oocytes to ferroptosis. In addition, ferrostatin-1 (an inhibitor of ferroptosis) could rescue the oocyte ferroptosis phenotype in vitro and ex vivo. Our findings not only provide a genetic diagnostic marker for oocyte development defects but also expand the spectrum of mitochondrial disorders to female infertility and contribute to unique insights into the role of ferroptosis in human oocyte defects.

Study on susceptibility differences of Tetranychus cinnabarinus (Boisduval) males and females to acaricides.

The carmine spider mite, Tetranychus cinnabarinus (Boisduval), is an important agricultural arthropod pest. This study investigated acaricide susceptibility differences between sexes to determine the biochemical mechanisms potentially involved in these differences. The susceptibility of females and males to seven acaricides (pyridaben, cyflumetofen, abamectin, chlorpyrifos, propargite, profenofos and fenpropathrin) was compared with laboratory bioassays. Males were more susceptible than females for each acaricide. Differences in the lethal concentration 50 % (LC50) values between the sexes were observed to range from 2.04-fold to 6.05-fold. The surface area was markedly greater for females than males (by 1.87-fold) and the weight was significantly greater for females compared to males (by 4.67-fold). The specific surface area of male was 2.61-fold higher than that of female. There were no differences in the cuticle structure, whereas the thickness of females was 1.63-fold than that of males. The penetration rate of males was statistically significantly higher than that of females, both in pyridaben and cyflumetofen. Synergism experiments and biochemical assays suggested the involvement of the three detoxification enzyme systems in the sexual susceptibility of T. cinnabarinus. The activities of cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450s) (p < 0.01), glutathione-S-transferase (GSTs) (p < 0.05) and carboxylesterase (CarEs) (p < 0.05) in females were significantly higher than that in males. The results reveal that the individual size (specific surface area), cuticle thickness, and detoxification enzyme activity were involved in the sexual susceptibility to acaricides of T. cinnabarinus.

Genome-Wide and Exome-Wide Association Study Identifies Genetic Underpinning of Comorbidity between Myocardial Infarction and Severe Mental Disorders.

BACKGROUND: Myocardial Infarction (MI) and severe mental disorders (SMDs) are two types of highly prevalent and complex disorders and seem to have a relatively high possibility of mortality. However, the contributions of common and rare genetic variants to their comorbidity arestill unclear. METHODS: We conducted a combined genome-wide association study (GWAS) and exome-wide association study (EWAS) approach. RESULTS: Using gene-based and gene-set association analyses based on the results of GWAS, we found the common genetic underpinnings of nine genes (GIGYF2, KCNJ13, PCCB, STAG1, HLA-C, HLA-B, FURIN, FES, and SMG6) and nine pathways significantly shared between MI and SMDs. Through Mendelian randomization analysis, we found that twenty-seven genes were potential causal genes for SMDs and MI. Based on the exome sequencing data of MI and SMDs patients from the UK Biobank, we found that MUC2 was exome-wide significant in the two diseases. The gene-set analyses of the exome-wide association study indicated that pathways related to insulin processing androgen catabolic process and angiotensin receptor binding may be involved in the comorbidity between SMDs and MI. We also found that six candidate genes were reported to interact with known therapeutic drugs based on the drug-gene interaction information in DGIdb. CONCLUSIONS: Altogether, this study revealed the overlap of common and rare genetic underpinning between SMDs and MI and may provide useful insights for their mechanism study and therapeutic investigations.

Targeting IL-17 and its receptors: A feasible way for natural herbal medicines to modulate fibroblast-like synoviocytes in rheumatoid arthritis.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is characterized by processive synovial hyperplasia and abnormal proliferation of fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs), and can eventually lead to progressive joint destruction. Increasing evidence has demonstrated that cytokines play pivotal roles in the pathogenesis of RA. In particular, the production of interleukin (IL)-17 by T helper 17 (Th17) cells is closely associated with the development of RA, and inhibition of IL-17/IL-17R could regulate the production of inflammatory factors by FLSs, which may be a feasible way to reduce inflammation and bone destruction in RA. Currently, accumulating evidence suggests that the utilization of natural herbal medicines is advantageous in the management of RA. In our present paper, a comprehensive reference search was conducted of the classic Materia Medica books, literature, online databases, academic search engines, and MS. or Ph. D theses. In conclusion, natural herbal medicines with antirheumatic activities that modulate FLSs by targeting IL-17/IL-17R were summarized. Furthermore, we also discuss the limitations and potential research directions for the future development of natural herbal medicines as candidate drugs for RA management in the clinic.

Realizing one-dimensional moiré chains with strong electron localization in two-dimensional twisted bilayer WSe2.

Two-dimensional (2D) moiré systems based on twisted bilayer graphene and transition metal dichalcogenides provide a promising platform to investigate emergent phenomena driven by strong electron-electron interactions in partially filled flat bands. A natural question arises: Is it possible to expand the 2D correlated moiré physics to one-dimensional (1D) that electron-electron correlation is expected to be further enhanced? This requires selectively doping of 1D moiré chain, which seems to be not within the grasp of today's technology. Therefore, an experimental demonstration of the 1D moiré chain with partially filled electronic states remains absent. Here, we show that we can introduce 1D boundaries, separating two regions with different twist angles, in twisted bilayer WSe2 (tWSe2) by using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and demonstrate that the electronic states of 1D moiré sites along the boundaries can be selectively filled. The strong localized charge states of correlated moiré electrons in the 1D moiré chain can be directly imaged and manipulated by combining a back-gate voltage with the STM bias voltage. Our results open the door for realizing new correlated electronic states of the 1D moiré chain in 2D systems.

Robust flat bands in twisted trilayer graphene moiré quasicrystals.

Moiré structures formed by twisting three layers of graphene with two independent twist angles present an ideal platform for studying correlated quantum phenomena, as an infinite set of angle pairs is predicted to exhibit flat bands. Moreover, the two mutually incommensurate moiré patterns among the twisted trilayer graphene (TTG) can form highly tunable moiré quasicrystals. This enables us to extend correlated physics in periodic moiré crystals to quasiperiodic systems. However, direct local characterization of the structure of the moiré quasicrystals and of the resulting flat bands are still lacking, which is crucial to fundamental understanding and control of the correlated moiré physics. Here, we demonstrate the existence of flat bands in a series of TTGs with various twist angle pairs and show that the TTGs with different magic angle pairs are strikingly dissimilar in their atomic and electronic structures. The lattice relaxation and the interference between moiré patterns are highly dependent on the twist angles. Our direct spatial mappings, supported by theoretical calculations, reveal that the localization of the flat bands exhibits distinct symmetries in different regions of the moiré quasicrystals.

Injectable calcium phosphate cement integrated with BMSCs-encapsulated microcapsules for bone tissue regeneration.

Injectable calcium phosphate cement (CPC) offers significant benefits for the minimally invasive repair of irregular bone defects. However, the main limitations of CPC, including its deficiency in osteogenic properties and insufficient large porosity, require further investigation and resolution. In this study, alginate-chitosan-alginate (ACA) microcapsules were used to encapsulate and deliver rat bone mesenchymal stem cells (rBMSCs) into CPC paste, while a porous CPC scaffold was established to support cell growth. Our results demonstrated that the ACA cell microcapsules effectively protect the cells and facilitate their transport into the CPC paste, thereby enhancing cell viability post-implantation. Additionally, the ACA + CPC extracts were found to stimulate osteogenic differentiation of rBMSCs. Furthermore, results from a rat cranial parietal bone defect model showed that ACA microcapsules containing exogenous rBMSCs initially improved thein situosteogenic potential of CPC within bone defects, providing multiple sites for bone growth. Over time, the osteogenic potential of the exogenous cells diminishes, yet the pores created by the microcapsules persist in supporting ongoing bone formation by recruiting endogenous cells to the osteogenic sites. In conclusion, the utilization of ACA loaded stem cell microcapsules satisfactorily facilitate osteogenesis and degradation of CPC, making it a promising scaffold for bone defect transplantation.

Media Literacy and Its Potential Influence on Mpox-Related Perceptions and Prevention Intentions in China During the 2022 Multi-Country Outbreak of Mpox.

Media literacy plays an increasingly important role in health communication during public health emergencies. The present study aimed to investigate the level of media literacy and its association with disease perceptions and behavioral intentions of receiving vaccination services among young men who have sex with men (YMSM) in China during the 2022 multi-country mpox outbreak. The data were from a large-scale cross-sectional survey conducted among 2,493 YMSM aged 18-29 years in six provincial regions in China in September 2022. A total of 2,079 YMSM who had obtained mpox information from social media platforms were included in this study. Correlation analysis and path analysis were conducted. The mean age of the sample was 24.7. After controlling for background variables, significant positive correlations were found in several pairs between media literacy, mpox-related perceptions (including perceived susceptibility to mpox, perceived severity of mpox, perceived benefits of mpox vaccination, and self-efficacy of receiving mpox vaccination), and the behavioral intention of receiving mpox vaccination. The mpox-related perceptions played a significant mediation role in the association between media literacy and intention of receiving mpox vaccination (indirect effect = 0.165, p < .001, effect size = 82.1%). Media literacy is crucial for developing disease perceptions during public health emergencies and may further influence the adoption of preventive measures. As social media platforms have become the main battle field of health communication during disease outbreaks, improvement of media literacy is urgently warranted.

Comparison of prognosis between oncocytic thyroid carcinoma and follicular thyroid carcinoma: a population-based propensity score matching analysis.

BACKGROUND: Oncocytic thyroid carcinoma (OTC) is a rare subtype of thyroid cancer known for its distinctive morphology and high likelihood of recurrence, setting it apart from follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC). Despite this, there is limited research comparing the clinicopathological characteristics and outcomes of OTC and FTC. METHODS: We retrospectively searched through the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End-Results (SEER) database (2004-2015) for histologically diagnosed OTC and FTC patients. Kaplan-Meier analysis, propensity score matching (PSM), univariate Cox proportional risk regression model, and subgroup analysis were employed to investigate the prognostic effect of clinicopathological features and treatment regimens on survival outcomes of OTC and FTC patients. RESULTS: 2329 OTC patients and 5679 FTC patients were included in the study. OTC patients were prone to older age, white race, lymph node metastasis, distal metastasis, extension and multiple primary tumors compared with FTC patients. After using a 1:1 PSM matching ratio, there were no significant differences in demographic and clinicopathological characteristics between the matched groups. Further Cox regression analysis showed that OTC patients had lower overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) in contrast with FTC patients. Subgroup survival analysis suggested that the OTC patients were related to lower OS in subgroups including those over 55 years old, male sex, white ethnicity, extrathyroidal extension, single primary tumor, surgery and without chemotherapy compared with the FTC patients in these subgroups. In addition, the OTC patients were connected with lower CSS in subgroups including male sex, white ethnicity, married status, tumor size is less than 20 mm or more than 40 mm, N0 stage, localized stage, single primary tumor, surgery, radiotherapy, and without chemotherapy compared with the FTC patients in these subgroups. Meanwhile, the OTC patients had lower CSS compared to FTC patients regardless of age and extrathyroidal extension. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggested that OTC patients have unique clinical features and poorer prognoses compared to FTC patients. Surgical resection and radioactive iodine therapy are recommended for OTC patients and FTC patients. It is worth noting that the prognosis of OTC relies largely on the selection of treatment strategies. Therefore, our results highlighted the clinical significance of the early distinguishment and the correct choice of treatment in OTC patients.