Feasibility and long-term survival of proximal gastrectomy after neoadjuvant therapy for locally advanced proximal gastric cancer: A propensity-score-matched analysis.

BACKGROUND: Neoadjuvant therapy enhances the possibility of achieving radical resection and improves the prognosis for locally advanced gastric cancer (GC). However, there is a lack of evidence regarding the optimal extent of resection for locally advanced proximal GC after neoadjuvant therapy. METHODS: In this study, 330 patients underwent resection in Peking University Cancer Hospital, with curative intent after neoadjuvant therapy for histologically confirmed proximal GC from January 2009 to December 2022. Among them, 45 patients underwent proximal gastrectomy (PG), while 285 underwent total gastrectomy (TG). RESULTS: In this study, 45 patients underwent proximal gastrectomy (PG), while 285 underwent total gastrectomy (TG). After propensity-score matching, 110 patients (71 TG and 39 PG) were included in the analysis. No significant differences between PG and TG regarding short-term outcomes and long-term prognosis were found. Specifically, PG demonstrated comparable overall survival to TG (P = 0.47). Subgroup analysis revealed that although not statistically significant, PG showed a potential advantage over TG in overall survival for patients with tumor-long diameters less than 4 cm (P = 0.31). However, for those with a long diameter larger than 4 cm, TG had a better survival probability (P = 0.81). No substantial differences were observed in baseline characteristics, surgical safety, postoperative recovery, and postoperative complications. CONCLUSION: For locally advanced proximal GC with objective response to neoadjuvant therapy (long diameter <4 cm), PG is an alternative surgical procedure. Further research and prospective studies are warranted to validate these findings and guide clinical decision-making.

Engineered Extracellular Vesicle-Based Nanoformulations That Coordinate Neuroinflammation and Immune Homeostasis, Enhancing Parkinson's Disease Therapy.

Although conventional intervention to microglia can mitigate neuroinflammation in the short term, immune disorders by peripheral inflammatory cells can infiltrate continuously, resulting in an overactivated immune microenvironment of Parkinson's disease (PD). Here, we design engineered extracellular vesicle-based nanoformulations (EVNs) to address multiple factors for the management of PD. Specifically, EVN is developed by coating CCR2-enriched mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles (MSCCCR2 EVs) onto a dihydrotanshinone I-loaded nanocarrier (MSeN-DT). The MSCCCR2 EVs (the shell of EVN) can actively show homing to specific chemokines CCL2 in the substantia nigra, which enables them to block the infiltration of peripheral inflammatory cells. Interestingly, MSeN-DT (the core of EVN) can promote the Nrf2-GPX4 pathway for the suppression of the source of inflammation by inhibiting ferroptosis in microglia. In the PD model mice, a satisfactory therapeutic effect is achieved, with inhibition of peripheral inflammatory cell infiltration, precise regulation of inflammatory microglia in the substantia nigra, as well as promotion of behavioral improvement and repairing damaged neurons. In this way, the combinatorial code of alleviation of inflammation and modulation of immune homeostasis can reshape the immune microenvironment in PD, which bridges internal anti-inflammatory and external immunity. This finding reveals a comprehensive therapeutic paradigm for PD that breaks the vicious cycle of immune overactivation.

Design and Evaluation of Ophthalmic Thermosensitive In Situ Gel of Compound Salvia.

The compound Salvia Recipe has been shown to have a relatively significant curative effect in management of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. This work aimed to prepare a thermosensitive in situ gel (ISG) delivery system that utilizes Poloxamer 407, Poloxamer 188, and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose for ocular administration of the compound Salvia recipe to treat cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. The central composite design-response surface method was utilized to improve the prescription of the gel. The formulated gel was characterized and assessed in terms of stability, retention time, in vitro release, rheology, ocular irritation, pharmacokinetics studies, and tissue distribution. The gel was a liquid solution at room temperature and became semisolid at physiological temperature, prolonging its stay time in the eye. Pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution experiments indicated that thermosensitive ISG had enhanced targeting of heart and brain tissues. Additionally, it could lower drug toxicity and side effects in the lungs and kidneys. The compound Salvia ophthalmic thermosensitive ISG is a promising drug delivery system for the management of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular illnesses.

Compact Chromatic Confocal Lens with Large Measurement Range.

Spectral confocal sensors are effective for measuring displacements. The core of the spectral confocal measurement system is a dispersive objective lens that uses optical dispersion to establish a one-to-one correspondence between the focusing position and wavelength, achieving high-resolution measurements in the longitudinal direction. Despite significant progress in dispersive objective lenses for spectral confocal sensor systems, challenges such as a limited dispersion range, high cost, and insufficient measurement accuracy persist. To expand the measurement range and improve the accuracy of the spectral confocal sensor, we designed a compact, long-axial dispersion objective lens. This lens has a simple structure that requires only six lens elements, two of which form cemented doublets. The system length is 58 mm, with a working distance of 46 ± 6 mm and a dispersion range of 12 mm within the wavelength range of 450-656 nm. The lens has an object-side numerical aperture (NA) of 0.22 and an image-side NA between 0.198 and 0.24, ensuring high light energy utilization. Finally, a spectral confocal measurement system was constructed based on the designed dispersive objective lens, and performance evaluation tests were conducted. The test results showed that the system achieved a resolution of 0.15 µm and a maximum linear error of ±0.7 µm, demonstrating high-precision measurement capabilities. The proposed lens design enables the development of more portable and cost-effective spectral confocal sensors.

A cellular senescence-related signature for predicting prognosis, immunotherapy response, and candidate drugs in patients treated with transarterial chemoembolization (TACE).

BACKGROUND: Cellular senescence is essential to TME development, progression, and remodeling. Few studies have examined cellular senescence in HCC after TACE. Investigating the relationship between cellular senescence, post-TACE prognosis, the TME, and immune treatment responses is crucial. METHODS: We analyzed the GSE104580 dataset to identify DEGs. A cellular senescence-related signature was developed using LASSO Cox regression in the GSE14520 dataset and validated in the ICGC dataset. High- and low-risk subgroups were compared using GSVA and GSEA. Correlation studies were conducted to explore the relationship between the prognostic model, immune infiltration, immunotherapy response, and drug sensitivity. RESULTS: A cellular senescence-related signature comprising FOXM1, CDK1, CHEK1, and SERPINE1 was created and validated. High-risk patients showed significantly lower OS than low-risk patients. High-risk patients had carcinogenetic pathways activated, immunosuppressive cells infiltrated, and immunomodulatory genes overexpressed. They also showed higher sensitivity to EPZ004777_1237 and MK-2206_1053 and potential benefits from GSK-3 inhibitor IX, nortriptyline, lestaurtinib, and JNK-9L. CONCLUSIONS: This study constructed a cellular senescence-related signature that could be used to predict HCC patients' responses to and prognosis after TACE treatment, aiding in the development of personalized treatment plans.

Contextual bias by Forensic Document Examination trainees: An empirical study from China.

The impact of contextual bias has been repeatedly demonstrated across forensic domains; however, research on this topic in China is scarce. To examine the prevalence of contextual bias in pattern feature-comparison disciplines, we conducted an experiment involving 24 forensic document examination students. The aim was to determine whether knowledge of different contextual information influenced their forensic decision-making. Participants were divided into different context groups and tasked with examining whether questioned signatures with ambiguous features matched reference signatures. The results of independent-samples t-tests for their decision score data in the two context groups exhibited a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05, Cohen's d > 0.8). Moreover, the submitted forensic reports by participants disclosed a biased evaluation of handwriting features. These findings show how contextual information can bias forensic decision-making in handwriting examination. Context management with complementary strategies such as case triage, cognitive training and decision-making transparency must be implemented to minimize bias in handwriting examination.

Eco-friendly, highly interpenetrated and slightly swollen pHEMA hydrogel foam for durable underwater superoleophobicity and emulsion separation.

Despite the emergence of hydrogels as ideal candidates for preparing the superhydrophilic materials for emulsion separation, their structural stability and swelling still hinder their long-term use, mainly due to structure defects after swelling. Herein, differing from the common modification, the eco-friendly poly 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (pHEMA) hydrogel foam was designed and synthesized via a one-step strategy by using the high internal phase emulsion (HIPE) template method, which endowed it with a highly interpenetrated porous structure. Unlike the normal swellable hydrogels such as poly(N-isoproplyacrylamide) (PNIPAM) hydrogel, or modified hydrogel coatings, the pHEMA hydrogel foam displayed stable structure and underwater superoleophobicity after 20 d of immersion in water. The pHEMA hydrogel foam could separate different kinds of highly surfactant-stabilized oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions with a high separation efficiency of 99.3% for liquid paraffin emulsion obtained solely under gravity-driven. Additionally, it exhibited excellent antifouling performance and long-term acid/alkali tolerance over 100 h without decrease in emulsion separation efficiency (98.0%, oil/water ratio of 99:1) and permeation flux (over 2000 L·m-2·h-1) attributed to its stable bulky structure. Moreover, the pHEMA hydrogel foam demonstrated high cell viability of 96.87% and 95.96% after culturing the 3T3 clone A31 cells in the pHEMA hydrogel foam for 24 h and 48 h, respectively, indicating good biocompatibility. Hence, our work provides a new design to develop an eco-friendly bulk hydrogel foam that achieves stable structure and performance for emulsion separation.

Anti-tumor efficacy of HRS-4642 and its potential combination with proteasome inhibition in KRAS G12D-mutant cancer.

KRAS G12D is the most frequently mutated oncogenic KRAS subtype in solid tumors and remains undruggable in clinical settings. Here, we developed a high affinity, selective, long-acting, and non-covalent KRAS G12D inhibitor, HRS-4642, with an affinity constant of 0.083 nM. HRS-4642 demonstrated robust efficacy against KRAS G12D-mutant cancers both in vitro and in vivo. Importantly, in a phase 1 clinical trial, HRS-4642 exhibited promising anti-tumor activity in the escalating dosing cohorts. Furthermore, the sensitization and resistance spectrum for HRS-4642 was deciphered through genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 screening, which unveiled proteasome as a sensitization target. We further observed that the proteasome inhibitor, carfilzomib, improved the anti-tumor efficacy of HRS-4642. Additionally, HRS-4642, either as a single agent or in combination with carfilzomib, reshaped the tumor microenvironment toward an immune-permissive one. In summary, this study provides potential therapies for patients with KRAS G12D-mutant cancers, for whom effective treatments are currently lacking.

A biocompatible pea protein isolate-derived bioink for 3D bioprinting and tissue engineering.

Three-dimensional bioprinting is a potent biofabrication technique in tissue engineering but is limited by inadequate bioink availability. Plant-derived proteins are increasingly recognized as highly promising yet underutilized materials for biomedical product development and hold potential for use in bioink formulations. Herein, we report the development of a biocompatible plant protein bioink from pea protein isolate. Through pH shifting, ethanol precipitation, and lyophilization, the pea protein isolate (PPI) transformed from an insoluble to a soluble form. Next, it was modified with glycidyl methacrylate to obtain methacrylate-modified PPI (PPIGMA), which is photocurable and was used as the precursor of bioink. The mechanical and microstructural studies of the hydrogel containing 16% PPIGMA revealed a suitable compress modulus and a porous network with a pore size over 100 µm, which can facilitate nutrient and waste transportation. The PPIGMA bioink exhibited good 3D bioprinting performance in creating complex patterns and good biocompatibility as plenty of viable cells were observed in the printed samples after 3 days of incubation in the cell culture medium. No immunogenicity of the PPIGMA bioink was identified as no inflammation was observed for 4 weeks after implantation in Sprague Dawley rats. Compared with methacrylate-modified gelatin, the PPIGMA bioink significantly enhanced cartilage regeneration in vitro and in vivo, suggesting that it can be used in tissue engineering applications. In summary, the PPIGMA bioink can be potentially used for tissue engineering applications.

Recent Advances in 3D Printing of Smart Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering and Regeneration.

The repair and functional reconstruction of bone defects resulting from severe trauma, surgical resection, degenerative disease, and congenital malformation pose significant clinical challenges. Bone tissue engineering (BTE) holds immense potential in treating these severe bone defects, without incurring prevalent complications associated with conventional autologous or allogeneic bone grafts. 3D printing technology enables control over architectural structures at multiple length scales and has been extensively employed to process biomimetic scaffolds for BTE. In contrast to inert and functional bone grafts, next-generation smart scaffolds possess a remarkable ability to mimic the dynamic nature of native extracellular matrix (ECM), thereby facilitating bone repair and regeneration. Additionally, they can generate tailored and controllable therapeutic effects, such as antibacterial or antitumor properties, in response to exogenous and/or endogenous stimuli. This review provides a comprehensive assessment of the progress of 3D-printed smart scaffolds for BTE applications. It begins with an introduction to bone physiology, followed by an overview of 3D printing technologies utilized for smart scaffolds. Notable advances in various stimuli-responsive strategies, therapeutic efficacy, and applications of 3D-printed smart scaffolds are discussed. Finally, the review highlights the existing challenges in the development and clinical implementation of smart scaffolds, as well as emerging technologies in this field.

Social determinants of inflammatory markers linking depression and type 2 diabetes among women: A scoping review.

OBJECTIVE: Inflammation is implicated in the pathophysiology of depression and type 2 diabetes (T2D) and is linked to social determinants of health (SDoH) associated with socioeconomic disadvantage. The objective of this review is to identify and map the range of SDoHs associated with inflammation in depression, T2D, or their co-occurrence among women. METHODS: PubMed, CINAHL, PsychINFO, and Web of Science were searched March-July 2023 to identify studies where 1) an SDoH was a predictor or independent variable, 2) depression or T2D was a clinical focus, 3) inflammatory markers were collected, and 4) analysis was specific to women. We used the National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities research framework to guide searching SDoHs, organize findings, and identify gaps. RESULTS: Of the 1135 studies retrieved, 46 met criteria. Within the reviewed studies, the most used inflammatory measures were C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α, and the most studied SDoHs were early life stress and socioeconomic status. Individual and interpersonal-level variables comprised the bulk of SDoHs in the included studies, while few to no studies examined built environment (n = 6) or health system level (n = 0) factors. Disadvantageous SDoHs were associated with higher levels of inflammation across the included studies. CONCLUSION: The scope and intersection of depression and T2D represent a syndemic that contributes to and results from socioeconomic inequities and disproportionately affects women. Simultaneous inclusion of social and inflammatory measures, particularly understudied SDoHs, is needed to clarify potent targets aimed at advancing health and equity.

Micro-expression recognition based on multi-scale 3D residual convolutional neural network.

In demanding application scenarios such as clinical psychotherapy and criminal interrogation, the accurate recognition of micro-expressions is of utmost importance but poses significant challenges. One of the main difficulties lies in effectively capturing weak and fleeting facial features and improving recognition performance. To address this fundamental issue, this paper proposed a novel architecture based on a multi-scale 3D residual convolutional neural network. The algorithm leveraged a deep 3D-ResNet50 as the skeleton model and utilized the micro-expression optical flow feature map as the input for the network model. Drawing upon the complex spatial and temporal features inherent in micro-expressions, the network incorporated multi-scale convolutional modules of varying sizes to integrate both global and local information. Furthermore, an attention mechanism feature fusion module was introduced to enhance the model's contextual awareness. Finally, to optimize the model's prediction of the optimal solution, a discriminative network structure with multiple output channels was constructed. The algorithm's performance was evaluated using the public datasets SMIC, SAMM, and CASME Ⅱ. The experimental results demonstrated that the proposed algorithm achieves recognition accuracies of 74.6, 84.77 and 91.35% on these datasets, respectively. This substantial improvement in efficiency compared to existing mainstream methods for extracting micro-expression subtle features effectively enhanced micro-expression recognition performance and increased the accuracy of high-precision micro-expression recognition. Consequently, this paper served as an important reference for researchers working on high-precision micro-expression recognition.

Multi-omics analysis of macrophage-associated receptor and ligand reveals a strong prognostic signature and subtypes in hepatocellular carcinoma.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a significant contributor to morbidity and mortality worldwide. The interaction between receptors and ligands is the primary mode of intercellular signaling and plays a vital role in the progression of HCC. This study aimed to identify the macrophage-related receptor ligand marker genes associated with HCC and further explored the molecular immune mechanisms attributed to altered biomarkers. Single-cell RNA sequencing data containing primary and recurrent samples were downloaded from the China National GeneBank. Cell types were first identified to explore differences between immune cells from different sample sources. CellChat analysis was used to infer and analyze intercellular communication networks quantitatively. Three molecular subtypes were constructed based on the screened twenty macrophage-associated receptor ligand genes. Bulk RNA-Seq data were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas and Gene Expression Omnibus databases. After the screening, the minor absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression model was employed to identify key markers. After collecting peripheral blood and clinical information from patients, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect the correlation between key markers and IL-10, one of the macrophage markers. After developing a new HCC risk adjustment model and conducting analysis, it was found that there were significant differences in immune status and gene mutations between the high-risk and low-risk groups of patients based on macrophage-associated receptor and ligand genes. This study identified SPP1, ANGPT2, and NCL as key biological targets for HCC. The drug-gene interaction network analysis identified wortmannin, ribavirin, and tarnafloxin as potential therapeutic drugs for the three key markers. In a clinical cohort study, patients with immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) resistance had significantly higher expression levels of OPN, ANGPT2, NCL, and IL-10 than patients with ICI-responsiveness. These three key markers were positively correlated with the expression level of IL-10. The signature based on macrophage-associated receptor and ligand genes can accurately predict the prognosis of patients with HCC and the sensitivity to immunotherapy. These results may help guide the development of targeted prevention and personalized treatment of HCC.

Bioactivity-Based Molecular Networking-Guided Isolation of Epicolidines A-C from the Endophytic Fungus Epicoccum sp. 1-042.

Bioactivity-based molecular networking-guided fractionation enabled the isolation of three new polycyclic tetramic acids bearing cis-decalin, epicolidines A-C (1-3), along with one known compound, PF 1052 (4), from the endophytic fungus Epicoccum sp. 1-042 collected in Tibet, China. Their structures were assigned on the basis of extensive spectroscopic data, partial hydrolysis, advanced Marfey's method, quantum chemistry calculations, and X-ray diffraction analysis. Compounds 2-4 displayed promising activities against Gram-positive bacteria in vitro. Particularly, compound 4 displayed remarkable potential against vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VRE) with an MIC value of 0.25 µg/mL, lower than the MIC (0.5 µg/mL) of the antibiotic combination quinupristin/dalfopristin (Q/D). In a further in vivo study, compound 4 increased the survival rate to 100% in the VRE-G. mellonella infection model at a concentration of 10 mg/kg.

New strategies to study in depth the metabolic mechanism of astaxanthin biosynthesis in Phaffia rhodozyma.

Astaxanthin, a ketone carotenoid known for its high antioxidant activity, holds significant potential for application in nutraceuticals, aquaculture, and cosmetics. The increasing market demand necessitates a higher production of astaxanthin using Phaffia rhodozyma. Despite extensive research efforts focused on optimizing fermentation conditions, employing mutagenesis treatments, and utilizing genetic engineering technologies to enhance astaxanthin yield in P. rhodozyma, progress in this area remains limited. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the current understanding of rough metabolic pathways, regulatory mechanisms, and preliminary strategies for enhancing astaxanthin yield. However, further investigation is required to fully comprehend the intricate and essential metabolic regulation mechanism underlying astaxanthin synthesis. Specifically, the specific functions of key genes, such as crtYB, crtS, and crtI, need to be explored in detail. Additionally, a thorough understanding of the action mechanism of bifunctional enzymes and alternative splicing products is imperative. Lastly, the regulation of metabolic flux must be thoroughly investigated to reveal the complete pathway of astaxanthin synthesis. To obtain an in-depth mechanism and improve the yield of astaxanthin, this review proposes some frontier methods, including: omics, genome editing, protein structure-activity analysis, and synthetic biology. Moreover, it further elucidates the feasibility of new strategies using these advanced methods in various effectively combined ways to resolve these problems mentioned above. This review provides theory and method for studying the metabolic pathway of astaxanthin in P. rhodozyma and the industrial improvement of astaxanthin, and provides new insights into the flexible combined use of multiple modern advanced biotechnologies.

Molecular weight control of poly-γ-glutamic acid reveals novel insights into extracellular polymeric substance synthesis in Bacillus licheniformis.

BACKGROUND: The structural diversity of extracellular polymeric substances produced by microorganisms is attracting particular attention. Poly-gamma-glutamic acid (γ-PGA) is a widely studied extracellular polymeric substance from Bacillus species. The function of γ-PGA varies with its molecular weight (Mw). RESULTS: Herein, different endogenous promoters in Bacillus licheniformis were selected to regulate the expression levels of pgdS, resulting in the formation of γ-PGA with Mw values ranging from 1.61 × 103 to 2.03 × 104 kDa. The yields of γ-PGA and exopolysaccharides (EPS) both increased in the pgdS engineered strain with the lowest Mw and viscosity, in which the EPS content was almost tenfold higher than that of the wild-type strain. Subsequently, the compositions of EPS from the pgdS engineered strain also changed. Metabolomics and RT-qPCR further revealed that improving the transportation efficiency of EPS and the regulation of carbon flow of monosaccharide synthesis could affect the EPS yield. CONCLUSIONS: Here, we present a novel insight that increased pgdS expression led to the degradation of γ-PGA Mw and changes in EPS composition, thereby stimulating EPS and γ-PGA production. The results indicated a close relationship between γ-PGA and EPS in B. licheniformis and provided an effective strategy for the controlled synthesis of extracellular polymeric substances.

Synergistic Catalysis of SO42-/TiO2-CNT for the CO2 Desorption Process with Low Energy Consumption.

To address the issue of high energy consumption associated with monoethanolamine (MEA) regeneration in the CO2 capture process, solid acid catalysts have been widely investigated due to their performance in accelerating carbamate decomposition. The recently discovered carbon nanotube (CNT) catalyst presents efficient catalytic activity for bicarbonate decomposition. In this paper, bifunctional catalysts SO42-/TiO2-CNT (STC) were prepared, which could simultaneously catalyze carbamate and bicarbonate decomposition, and outstanding catalytic performance has been exhibited. STC significantly increased the CO2 desorption amount by 82.3% and decreased the relative heat duty by 46% compared to the MEA-CO2 solution without catalysts. The excellent stability of STC was confirmed by 15 cyclic absorption-desorption experiments, showing good practical feasibility for decreasing energy consumption in an industrial CO2 capture process. Furthermore, associated with the results of experimental characterization and theoretical calculations, the synergistic catalysis of STC catalysts via proton and charge transfer was proposed. This work demonstrated the potential of STC catalysts in improving the efficiency of amine regeneration processes and reducing energy consumption, contributing to the design of more effective and economical catalysts for carbon capture.

Contextual bias in forensic toxicology decisions: A follow-up empirical study from China.

The impact of contextual bias has been demonstrated repeatedly across forensic domains; however, research on this topic in forensic toxicology is very limited. In our previous study, experimental data from only one context version were compared with the actual forensic biasing casework. As a follow-up, this controlled experiment with 159 forensic toxicology practitioners was conducted, to test whether knowledge of different contextual information influenced their forensic decision-making. Participants in different context groups were tasked to identify testing strategies for carbon monoxide and opiate drugs. The results of chi-squared tests for their selections and two context groups exhibited statistically significant differences (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01). These findings show contextual information can bias forensic toxicology decisions about testing strategies, despite it is a relatively objective domain in forensic science.

Covalently Bonded Heterostructures with Mixed-Dimensional Carbons for Suppressing Mechanochemical Wear of Diamond under Heavy Loads.

Diamond is widely acknowledged as the hardest naturally occurring material. Nevertheless, when exposed to friction against ferrous metals, it is prone to graphitization or amorphization, which limits the utilization of its extremely high hardness and wear resistance. These issues have persisted for decades without an effective solution. Here, we report that a covalently bonded heterostructure with mixed-dimensional carbons as a high-performance solid lubricant could effectively reduce diamond surface friction and mechanochemical wear with excellent load capacity and durability. When subjected to dry friction and heavy loads (20-150 N), the heterostructure exhibited a notable improvement over pristine diamond with reduced friction coefficients and relative wear rates by 22-45 and 67-91%, respectively. Especially under a 20 N load, the relative wear rate was an order of magnitude lower than that of pristine diamond. Additionally, experiments and molecular dynamics simulations revealed that the heterostructure integrated the outstanding properties of diamond (three-dimensional (3D)), nanographite (3D), and graphene (two-dimensional (2D)), resulting in improved lubrication and antiwear performance that could not be achieved by the individual carbon materials. The findings in this work will be beneficial to overcome the ferrous metal forbidden zone of diamond and are expected to expand the applications of engineered diamond surfaces and graphite/graphene in tribology, mechanics, and electronic fields.