Acute Effects of Moderate Aerobic Dance Exercise on Moods, Appetite, and Energy Intake in Young Adult Women.

Energy intake (EI) has been identified as a key factor of health controlled by exercise. Aerobic dance exercise (ADEX) is a popular exercise for fitness that one can enjoy. This present study aims to examine the influence of ADEX on moods, appetite, and EI. Thirty-one young female college students completed two 1-h experimental conditions: sedentary (SED) and ADEX followed by an ad libitum lunch. Visual analog scales and measurement of salivary α-amylase activity were used to assess appetite, fatigue, and stress at pre act, post act, and pre lunch, respectively. The rating of perceived exertion (RPE) of the SED or ADEX activities was measured using the Borg scale (range, 6-20). The participants completed the Profile of Mood States 2nd Edition-Adult Short at pre and post act only on the ADEX experimental day to assess the degree to which total mood disturbance (TMD), negative mood disturbance (NMD), and positive mood disturbance (PMD) have correlations with EI. In results, ADEX increased in RPE but did not affect TMD, NMD, PMD, hunger, fullness, appetite, and EI. Additionally, the ADEX-induced relative changes in EI were not determined to be significantly correlated with RPE in ADEX or the change in TMD, NMD, or PMD by ADEX. Our study suggests that ADEX does not affect mood, appetite, and EI. In addition, individual mood changes caused by ADEX do not correlate with EI in young adult women.

Cytoprotective effects of mild plasma-activated medium against oxidative stress in human skin fibroblasts.

Non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma (NTAPP) has recently been applied to living cells and tissues and has emerged as a novel technology for medical applications. NTAPP affects cells not only directly, but also indirectly with previously prepared plasma-activated medium (PAM). The objective of this study was to demonstrate the preconditioning effects of "mild PAM" which was prepared under relatively mild conditions, on fibroblasts against cellular injury generated by a high dose of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). We observed the preconditioning effects of mild PAM containing approximately 50 µM H2O2. Hydrogen peroxide needs to be the main active species in mild PAM for it to exert preconditioning effects because the addition of catalase to mild PAM eliminated these effects. The nuclear translocation and recruitment of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) to antioxidant response elements (ARE) in heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) promoters and the up-regulation of HO-1 were detected in fibroblasts treated with mild PAM. The addition of ZnPP, a HO-1-specific inhibitor, or the knockdown of Nrf2 completely abrogated the preconditioning effects. Our results demonstrate that mild PAM protects fibroblasts from oxidative stress by up-regulating HO-1, and the H2O2-induced activation of the Nrf2-ARE pathway needs to be involved in this reaction.

Iron stimulates plasma-activated medium-induced A549 cell injury.

Non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma is applicable to living cells and has emerged as a novel technology for cancer therapy. Plasma has recently been shown to affect cells not only by direct irradiation, but also by indirect treatments with previously prepared plasma-activated medium (PAM). Iron is an indispensable element but is also potentially toxic because it generates the hydroxyl radical (•OH) in the presence of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) via the Fenton reaction. The aim of the present study was to demonstrate the contribution of iron to PAM-induced A549 adenocarcinoma cell apoptosis. We detected the generation of •OH and elevation of intracellular ferrous ions in PAM-treated cells and found that they were inhibited by iron chelator. The elevations observed in ferrous ions may have been due to their release from the intracellular iron store, ferritin. Hydroxyl radical-induced DNA injury was followed by the activation of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1, depletion of NAD(+) and ATP, and elevations in intracellular Ca(2+). The sensitivities of normal cells such as smooth muscle cells and keratinocytes to PAM were less than that of A549 cells. These results demonstrated that H2O2 in PAM and/or •OH generated in the presence of iron ions disturbed the mitochondrial-nuclear network in cancer cells.