Molecular characteristics of the structure protein VP1 in Coxsackievirus A10 Isolates from China.

INTRODUCTION: Coxsackievirus A10 (CVA10) is a non-enveloped, positive-sense single-stranded RNA virus classified within the Enterovirus genus in the Picornaviridae family. It is among the pathogens that can cause hand, foot and mouth disease. This study aimed to analyze the temporal and spatial distribution of CVA10 in China to understand its epidemiological characteristics of CVA10. METHODOLOGY: We collected the VP1 sequences of CVA10 from January 1, 2004, to December 31, 2019, from the GenBank database and created the global map using MapChart. We selected 56 known CVA10 genotype sequences. Then, MEGA6.06 was used to construct a phylogenetic tree with the collected gene sequences and the known reference sequences for comparative analysis to assess the distribution of CVA10 genotypes in different countries between 2004 and 2019. RESULTS: CVA10 has been widely detected or reported globally. In China, the prevalent genotype of CVA10 was mainly genotype B before 2008 and genotype C after 2009. In other countries, the prevalence of genotype D was dominant, followed by genotypes C and F, and the prevalence of CVA10 varied from continent to continent. CONCLUSIONS: Monitoring CVA10 genotypes or evolutionary branches should be strengthened, and the study of epidemic genotype characteristics should be enhanced. This will serve as a basis for further research and development of monovalent CVA10 or polyvalent vaccines designed for effective disease prevention.

Twist piezoelectricity: giant electromechanical coupling in magic-angle twisted bilayer LiNbO3.

Twisted a pair of stacked two-dimensional materials exhibit many exotic electronic and photonic properties, leading to the emergence of flat-band superconductivity, moiré engineering and topological polaritons. These remarkable discoveries make twistronics the focus point of tremendous interest, but mostly limited to the concept of electrons, phonons or photons. Here, we present twist piezoelectricity as a fascinating paradigm to modulate polarization and electromechanical coupling by twisting precisely the stacked lithium niobate slabs due to the interlayer coupling effect. Particularly, the inversed and twisted bilayer lithium niobate is constructed to overcome the intrinsic mutual limitation of single crystals and giant effective electromechanical coupling coefficient k t 2 is unveiled at magic angle of 11 1 ∘ , reaching 85.5%. Theoretical analysis based on mutual energy integrals shows well agreements with numerical and experimental results. Our work opens new venues to flexibly control multi-physics with magic angle, stimulating progress in wideband acoustic-electric, and acoustic-optic components, which has great potential in wireless communication, timing, sensing, and hybrid integrated photonics.

Dynamic Acoustic Beamshaping with Coupling-Immune Moiré Metasurfaces.

Moiré effects arising from mutually twisted metasurfaces have showcased remarkable wave manipulation capabilities, unveiling tantalizing emerging phenomena such as acoustic moiré flat bands and topological phase transitions. However, the pursuit of strong near-field coupling in layers has necessitated acoustic moiré metasurfaces to be tightly stacked at narrow distances in the subwavelength range. Here, moiré effects beyond near-field interlayer coupling in acoustics are reported and the concept of coupling-immune moiré metasurfaces is proposed. Remote acoustic moiré effects decoupled from the interlayer distance are theoretically, numerically, and experimentally demonstrated. Tunable out-of-plane acoustic beam scanning is successfully achieved by dynamically controlling twist angles. The engineered coupling-immune properties are further extended to multilayered acoustic moiré metasurfaces and manipulation of acoustic vortices. Good robustness against external disturbances is also observed for the fabricated coupling-immune acoustic moiré metasurfaces. The presented work unlocks the potential of twisted moiré devices for out-of-plane acoustic beam shaping, enabling practical applications in remote dynamic detection, and multiplexed underwater acoustic communication.

Maximum helical dichroism enabled by an exceptional point in non-Hermitian gradient metasurfaces.

Helical dichroism (HD) utilizing unbounded orbital angular momentum degree of freedom, has provided an important means of exploring chiral effects in diverse wave systems, surpassing the two-state constraint in circular dichroism that relies on intrinsic spin. However, the naturally feeble chiral signals that arise during wave-matter interactions pose significant challenges to the effective enlargement of HD. Here, we introduce a new paradigm for realizing maximum HD through non-Hermitian gradient metasurfaces by engineering a chiral exceptional point (EP) in intrinsic topological charge. The non-Hermitian gradient metasurfaces are empowered by the asymmetric coupling feature at the EP, enabling flexible construction to realize versatile chirality control in extreme circumstances where one chiral vortex is totally reflected and the opposite counterpart is completely absorbed or transmitted into the customized vortex modes. As the manifestation of the maximum HD, we present the first experimental demonstration of perfect chirality-selected vortex transmission in acoustics. Our findings open new venues to achieve maximum chirality and explore chiral physics of wave-matter interactions, which can boost many vortical applications in asymmetric chirality manipulation, one-way propagation, and information multiplexing.