RESUMEN
Thermogenic beige adipocytes are recognized as potential therapeutic targets for combating metabolic diseases. However, the metabolic advantages that they offer are compromised with aging. Here we show that treating mice with estrogen (E2), a hormone that decreases with age, can counteract the age-related decline in beige adipogenesis when exposed to cold temperature while concurrently enhancing energy expenditure and improving glucose tolerance in mice. Mechanistically, we found that nicotinamide phosphoribosyl transferase (NAMPT) plays a pivotal role in facilitating the formation of E2-induced beige adipocytes, which subsequently suppresses the onset of age-related endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Furthermore, we found that targeting NAMPT signaling, either genetically or pharmacologically, can restore the formation of beige adipocytes by increasing the number of perivascular adipocyte progenitor cells. Conversely, the absence of NAMPT signaling prevents this process. Together, our findings shed light on the mechanisms regulating the age-dependent impairment of beige adipocyte formation and underscore the E2-NAMPT-controlled ER stress pathway as a key regulator of this process.
Asunto(s)
Adipocitos Beige , Adipogénesis , Envejecimiento , Estrés del Retículo Endoplásmico , Estrógenos , Nicotinamida Fosforribosiltransferasa , Nicotinamida Fosforribosiltransferasa/metabolismo , Animales , Adipogénesis/efectos de los fármacos , Estrés del Retículo Endoplásmico/efectos de los fármacos , Ratones , Envejecimiento/efectos de los fármacos , Envejecimiento/fisiología , Estrógenos/metabolismo , Estrógenos/farmacología , Adipocitos Beige/efectos de los fármacos , Adipocitos Beige/metabolismo , Citocinas/metabolismo , Transducción de Señal/efectos de los fármacos , Femenino , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Metabolismo Energético/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
There is a regional preference around lymph nodes (LNs) for adipose beiging. Here, we show that local LN removal within inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT) greatly impairs cold-induced beiging, and this impairment can be restored by injecting M2 macrophages or macrophage-derived C-C motif chemokine (CCL22) into iWAT. CCL22 injection into iWAT effectively promotes iWAT beiging, while blocking CCL22 with antibodies can prevent it. Mechanistically, the CCL22 receptor, C-C motif chemokine receptor 4 (CCR4), within eosinophils and its downstream focal adhesion kinase/p65/interleukin-4 signaling are essential for CCL22-mediated beige adipocyte formation. Moreover, CCL22 levels are inversely correlated with body weight and fat mass in mice and humans. Acute elevation of CCL22 levels effectively prevents diet-induced body weight and fat gain by enhancing adipose beiging. Together, our data identify the CCL22-CCR4 axis as an essential mediator for LN-controlled adaptive thermogenesis and highlight its potential to combat obesity and its associated complications.
Asunto(s)
Tejido Adiposo Blanco , Quimiocina CCL22 , Metabolismo Energético , Ganglios Linfáticos , Macrófagos , Termogénesis , Animales , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Ratones , Adipocitos Beige/metabolismo , Tejido Adiposo Blanco/metabolismo , Quimiocina CCL22/metabolismo , Eosinófilos/metabolismo , Ganglios Linfáticos/metabolismo , Macrófagos/metabolismo , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Obesidad/metabolismo , Receptores CCR4/metabolismo , Transducción de SeñalRESUMEN
De novo brown adipogenesis holds potential in combating the epidemics of obesity and diabetes. However, the identity of brown adipocyte progenitor cells (APCs) and their regulation have not been extensively explored. Here, through in vivo lineage tracing and mouse modeling, we observed that platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta (PDGFRß)+ pericytes give rise to developmental brown adipocytes but not to those in adult homeostasis. By contrast, T-box 18 (TBX18)+ pericytes contribute to brown adipogenesis throughout both developmental and adult stages, though in a depot-specific manner. Mechanistically, Notch inhibition in PDGFRß+ pericytes promotes brown adipogenesis by downregulating PDGFRß. Furthermore, inhibition of Notch signaling in PDGFRß+ pericytes mitigates high-fat, high-sucrose (HFHS)-induced glucose and metabolic impairment in mice during their development and juvenile phases. Collectively, these findings show that the Notch/PDGFRß axis negatively regulates developmental brown adipogenesis, and its repression promotes brown adipose tissue expansion and improves metabolic health.
Asunto(s)
Adipocitos Marrones , Adipogénesis , Diferenciación Celular , Receptor beta de Factor de Crecimiento Derivado de Plaquetas , Receptores Notch , Células Madre , Animales , Receptor beta de Factor de Crecimiento Derivado de Plaquetas/metabolismo , Receptor beta de Factor de Crecimiento Derivado de Plaquetas/genética , Receptores Notch/metabolismo , Ratones , Adipocitos Marrones/metabolismo , Adipocitos Marrones/citología , Células Madre/metabolismo , Células Madre/citología , Transducción de Señal , Pericitos/metabolismo , Pericitos/citología , Tejido Adiposo Pardo/metabolismo , Tejido Adiposo Pardo/citología , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , MasculinoRESUMEN
Thermogenic beige adipocytes are recognized as potential therapeutic targets for combating metabolic diseases. However, the metabolic advantages they offer are compromised with aging. Here, we show that treating mice with estrogen (E2), a hormone that decreases with age, to mice can counteract the aging- related decline in beige adipocyte formation when subjected to cold, while concurrently enhancing energy expenditure and improving glucose tolerance. Mechanistically, we find that nicotinamide phosphoribosyltranferase (NAMPT) plays a pivotal role in facilitating the formation of E2-induced beige adipocytes, which subsequently suppresses the onset of age-related ER stress. Furthermore, we found that targeting NAMPT signaling, either genetically or pharmacologically, can restore the formation of beige adipocytes by increasing the number of perivascular adipocyte progenitor cells. Conversely, the absence of NAMPT signaling prevents this process. In conclusion, our findings shed light on the mechanisms governing the age-dependent impairment of beige adipocyte formation and underscore the E2-NAMPT controlled ER stress as a key regulator of this process. Highlights: Estrogen restores beige adipocyte failure along with improved energy metabolism in old mice.Estrogen enhances the thermogenic gene program by mitigating age-induced ER stress.Estrogen enhances the beige adipogenesis derived from SMA+ APCs.Inhibiting the NAMPT signaling pathway abolishes estrogen-promoted beige adipogenesis.
RESUMEN
De novo brown adipogenesis holds potential in combating the epidemics of obesity and diabetes. However, the identity of brown adipocyte progenitor cells (APCs) and their regulation have not been extensively studied. Here through in vivo lineage tracing, we observed that PDGFRß+ pericytes give rise to developmental brown adipocytes, but not to those in adult homeostasis. In contrast, TBX18+ pericytes contribute to brown adipogenesis throughout both developmental and adult stages, though in a depot-specific manner. Mechanistically, Notch inhibition in PDGFRß+ pericytes promotes brown adipogenesis through the downregulation of PDGFRß. Furthermore, inhibition of Notch signaling in PDGFRß+ pericytes mitigates HFHS (high-fat, high-sucrose) induced glucose and metabolic impairment in both developmental and adult stages. Collectively, these findings show that the Notch/PDGFRß axis negatively regulates developmental brown adipogenesis, and its repression promotes brown adipose tissue expansion and improves metabolic health. Highlights: PDGFRß+ pericytes act as an essential developmental brown APC.TBX18+ pericytes contribute to brown adipogenesis in a depot-specific manner.Inhibiting Notch-Pdgfrß axis promotes brown APC adipogenesis.Enhanced postnatal brown adipogenesis improves metabolic health in adult stage.
RESUMEN
The development of white adipose tissue (WAT) occurs during distinct embryonic and postnatal stages, and it is subsequently maintained throughout life. However, the specific mediators and mechanisms responsible for WAT development during different phases remain unclear. In this study, we investigate the role of the insulin receptor (IR) in regulating adipogenesis and adipocyte function within adipocyte progenitor cells (APCs) during WAT development and homeostasis. We use two in vivo adipose lineage tracking and deletion systems to delete IR either in embryonic APCs or adult APCs, respectively, to explore the specific requirements of IR during WAT development and WAT homeostasis in mice. Our data suggest that IR expression in APCs may not be essential for adult adipocyte differentiation but appears to be crucial for adipose tissue development. We reveal a surprising divergent role of IR in APCs during WAT development and homeostasis.
Asunto(s)
Adipocitos , Receptor de Insulina , Ratones , Animales , Receptor de Insulina/metabolismo , Adipocitos/metabolismo , Tejido Adiposo Blanco/metabolismo , Obesidad/metabolismo , Adipogénesis , Células MadreRESUMEN
A potential therapeutic target to curb obesity and diabetes is thermogenic beige adipocytes. However, beige adipocytes quickly transition into white adipocytes upon removing stimuli. Here, we define the critical role of cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 2A (Cdkn2a) as a molecular pedal for the beige-to-white transition. Beige adipocytes lacking Cdkn2a exhibit prolonged lifespan, and male mice confer long-term metabolic protection from diet-induced obesity, along with enhanced energy expenditure and improved glucose tolerance. Mechanistically, Cdkn2a promotes the expression and activity of beclin 1 (BECN1) by directly binding to its mRNA and its negative regulator BCL2 like 1 (BCL2L1), activating autophagy and accelerating the beige-to-white transition. Reactivating autophagy by pharmacological or genetic methods abolishes beige adipocyte maintenance induced by Cdkn2a ablation. Furthermore, hyperactive BECN1 alone accelerates the beige-to-white transition in mice and human. Notably, both Cdkn2a and Becn1 exhibit striking positive correlations with adiposity. Hence, blocking Cdkn2a-mediated BECN1 activity holds therapeutic potential to sustain beige adipocytes in treating obesity and related metabolic diseases.
Asunto(s)
Adipocitos Beige , Tejido Adiposo Beige , Obesidad , Animales , Humanos , Masculino , Ratones , Adipocitos Beige/metabolismo , Adipocitos Blancos/metabolismo , Tejido Adiposo Beige/metabolismo , Tejido Adiposo Blanco/metabolismo , Adiposidad/genética , Adiposidad/fisiología , Obesidad/genética , Obesidad/metabolismo , TermogénesisRESUMEN
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common lung cancer subtype. Although chemotherapy and targeted therapy are used for the treatment of patients with NSCLC, the survival rate remains very low. Recent findings suggested that aurora kinase A (AKA), a cell cycle regulator, is a potential target for NSCLC therapy. Previously, we reported that a chemical entity of quinazolin-4(3H)-one represents a new template for AKA inhibitors, with antiproliferative activity against cancer cells. A quinazolin-4(3H)-one derivative was further designed and synthesized in order to improve the pharmacokinetic properties and antiproliferation activity against NSCLC cell lines. The derivative, BIQO-19 (Ethyl 6-(4-oxo-3-(pyrimidin-2-ylmethyl)-3,4-dihydroquinazolin-6-yl)imidazo [1,2-a]pyridine-2-carboxylate), exhibited improved solubility and antiproliferative activity in NSCLC cells, including epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI)-resistant NSCLC cells. BIQO-19 effectively inhibited the growth of the EGFR-TKI-resistant H1975 NSCLC cells, with the suppression of activated AKA (p-AKA) expression in these cells. The inhibition of AKA by BIQO-19 significantly induced G2/M phase arrest and subsequently evoked apoptosis in H1975 cells. In addition, the combination of gefitinib and BIQO-19 exhibited synergistic antiproliferative activity in NSCLC cells. These findings suggest the potential of BIQO-19 as a novel therapeutic agent for restoring the sensitivity of gefitinib in EGFR-TKI-resistant NSCLC cells.
RESUMEN
BACKGROUND/AIM: The resistance to epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs), such as gefitinib or erlotinib, is considered a major challenge in the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Herein, we identified the critical roles of anterior gradient 2 (AGR2) in gefitinib (Gef) resistance of mutant NSCLC cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Using datasets from a pair of NSCLC-sensitive and NSCLC-resistant cells, immunoblotting, immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry, and cell viability assays were applied to identify the effects of AGR2. RESULTS: AGR2 was found to be significantly over-expressed in Gef-resistant cells and was highly associated with drug resistance, proliferation, migration, and invasion of cancer cells. Moreover, AGR2 and ADAMTS6 formed a negative feedback loop in drug-resistant cells. CONCLUSION: Modulation of overexpression of AGR2 in mutant NSCLC cells may be an attractive therapeutic strategy for the treatment of EGFR-TKI-resistant NSCLC.
Asunto(s)
Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas/tratamiento farmacológico , Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Mucoproteínas/genética , Proteínas Oncogénicas/genética , Inhibidores de Proteínas Quinasas/farmacología , Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas/genética , Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas/patología , Movimiento Celular/genética , Supervivencia Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Resistencia a Antineoplásicos/genética , Receptores ErbB/antagonistas & inhibidores , Receptores ErbB/genética , Clorhidrato de Erlotinib/farmacología , Gefitinib/farmacología , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica/efectos de los fármacos , Humanos , Mutación , Invasividad Neoplásica/genética , Invasividad Neoplásica/patología , Quinazolinas/farmacologíaRESUMEN
Inflammation is a very common and important basic pathological process. There is still a great need for the isolation of effective anti-inflammatory agents from plants. In this paper, five new isobutylamides, zanthoxylumamides E-I (1-5), and four known isobutylamides (6-9) were isolated from Zanthoxylum nitidum var. tomentosum (Rutaceae). Chiral resolution of seven racemic isobutylamides (1-4 and 6-8) was successfully performed, and the absolute configurations of two stereoisomers of 1-4 were validated by ECD and NMR. The obtained isobutylamides were evaluated in vitro anti-inflammatory activity with the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated production of nitric oxide (NO) in murine macrophage RAW264.7 cells. Compound 8 exhibited significant inhibition of LPS-induced NO production. The underlying molecular mechanisms of the anti-inflammatory activity of 8 revealed that it suppressed the NO production through the modulation of myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) and interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) signaling pathways.
Asunto(s)
Amidas/farmacología , Inflamación/inducido químicamente , Inflamación/tratamiento farmacológico , Zanthoxylum/química , Amidas/química , Animales , Supervivencia Celular , Lipopolisacáridos/toxicidad , Ratones , Modelos Moleculares , Estructura Molecular , Óxido Nítrico/metabolismo , Células RAW 264.7RESUMEN
Ultraviolet B (UVB) induces inflammation and causes skin aging. The signs of skin aging, such as wrinkles, discolored spots, loss of skin moisture, and disruption of the skin barrier, are mostly caused by inflammatory signaling among various skin layers. The cells on the outermost surface of the skin are keratinocytes; these cells protect the skin against environmental stress and play an important role in immunomodulation by secreting cytokines in response to environmental stress. In the present study, we found that UVB activates STAT1 to mediate inflammatory signaling, yet STAT1 (S272) and STAT (Y702) shows different responses against UVB exposure. Anhua drak tea is a post-fermented dark tea produced in Anhua and Xinhua country in Hunan province of China. Treatment with 2S,3R-6-methoxycarbonylgallocatechin (MCGE), an epigallocatechin gallate derivative isolated from black tea (Anhua dark tea), effectively suppresses STAT1 activation and inflammatory cytokines, and activates Nrf2 pathway to protect cells from reactive oxygen species production in UVB exposed keratinocyte cells (HaCaT). Interestingly, the effects of MCGE were independent on MAPK signaling pathway. Moreover, MCGE regulates inflammatory cytokines in monocyte-keratinocyte (THP-1, HaCaT) co-culture and macrophage differentiation models. These results suggest that MCGE potentially can be used as a photoprotective agent against UVB-induced inflammatory responses.
Asunto(s)
Catequina/análogos & derivados , Catequina/farmacología , Protectores contra Radiación/farmacología , Transducción de Señal/efectos de los fármacos , Té/química , Rayos Ultravioleta , Sitios de Unión , Catequina/química , Catequina/aislamiento & purificación , Diferenciación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Diferenciación Celular/efectos de la radiación , Línea Celular , Supervivencia Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Supervivencia Celular/efectos de la radiación , Técnicas de Cocultivo , Citocinas/metabolismo , Humanos , Queratinocitos/citología , Queratinocitos/efectos de los fármacos , Queratinocitos/metabolismo , Queratinocitos/efectos de la radiación , Macrófagos/citología , Macrófagos/efectos de los fármacos , Macrófagos/metabolismo , Macrófagos/efectos de la radiación , Factor 2 Relacionado con NF-E2/genética , Factor 2 Relacionado con NF-E2/metabolismo , Estructura Terciaria de Proteína , Protectores contra Radiación/química , Protectores contra Radiación/aislamiento & purificación , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno/metabolismo , Factor de Transcripción STAT1/química , Factor de Transcripción STAT1/metabolismo , Transducción de Señal/efectos de la radiación , Té/metabolismoRESUMEN
A flavonoid glycoside, quercitrin (1), and two phenylpropanoyl sucrose derivatives, vanicoside B (2) and lapathoside C (3), were isolated for the first time from the herb Persicaria dissitiflora. Vanicoside B (2) exhibited antiproliferative activity against a panel of cancer cell lines in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) MDA-MB-231 cells. The underlying mechanisms of the antitumor activity of 2 were investigated in TNBC cells. Upregulation of cyclin-dependent kinase 8 (CDK8) was observed in a claudin-low molecular subtype of TNBC cells. A molecular modeling study indicated that 2 showed a high affinity for CDK8. Further investigations revealed that 2 suppressed CDK8-mediated signaling pathways and the expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition proteins and induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 and HCC38 TNBC cells. Moreover, 2 inhibited tumor growth without overt toxicity in a nude mouse xenograft model implanted with MDA-MB-231 cells. Taken together, these findings demonstrate the significance of CDK8 activity in TNBC and suggest a potential use of 2 as a therapeutic candidate for the treatment of aggressive human triple-negative breast cancer.