Effective dosage and mode of exercise for enhancing cognitive function in Alzheimer's disease and dementia: a systematic review and Bayesian Model-Based Network Meta-analysis of RCTs.

OBJECTIVE: Research the dose-response relationship between overall and certain types of exercise and cognitive function in older adults with Alzheimer's disease and dementia. DESIGN: Systemic and Bayesian Model-Based Network Meta-Analysis. METHODS: In our study, we analyzed data from randomized controlled trials investigating the effects of different exercises on cognitive outcomes in older adults with AD. We searched the Web of Science, PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Embase up to November 2023. Using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool (Rob2) for quality assessment and R software with the MBNMA package for data analysis, we determined standard mean differences (SMDs) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CrI) to evaluate exercise's impact on cognitive function in AD. RESULTS: Twenty-seven studies with 2,242 AD patients revealed a nonlinear relationship between exercise and cognitive improvement in AD patients. We observed significant cognitive enhancements at an effective exercise dose of up to 1000 METs-min/week (SMDs: 0.535, SD: 0.269, 95% CrI: 0.023 to 1.092). The optimal dose was found to be 650 METs-min/week (SMDs: 0.691, SD: 0.169, 95% CrI: 0.373 to 1.039), with AE (Aerobic exercise) being particularly effective. For AE, the optimal cognitive enhancement dose was determined to be 660 METs-min/week (SMDs: 0.909, SD: 0.219, 95% CrI: 0.495 to 1.362). CONCLUSION: Nonlinear dose-response relationship between exercise and cognitive improvement in Alzheimer's disease, with the optimal AE dose identified at 660 METs-min/week for enhancing cognitive function in AD.

Elevating Discharge Voltage of Li2CO3-routine Li-CO2 Battery over 2.9 V at an Ultra-wide Temperature Window.

The Li-CO2 batteries utilizing greenhouse gas CO2 possess advantages of high energy density and environmental friendliness. However, these batteries following Li2CO3-product route typically exhibit low work voltage (<2.5 V) and energy efficiency. Herein, we have demonstrated for the first time that cobalt phthalocyanine (CoPc) as homogeneous catalyst can elevate the work plateau towards 2.98 V, which is higher than its theoretical discharge voltage without changing the Li2CO3-product route. This unprecedented discharge voltage is illustrated by mass spectrum and electrochemical analyses that CoPc has powerful adsorption capability with CO2 (-7.484 kJ/mol) and forms discharge intermediate of C33H16CoN8O2. Besides high discharge capacity of 18724 mAh/g and robust cyclability over 1600 hours (1000 mAh/g cut-off) at a current density of 100 mA/g , the batteries show high temperature adaptability (-30~80 °C). Our work is paving a promising avenue for the progress of high-efficiency Li-CO2 batteries.

Individualized Structural Perturbations on Normative Brain Connectome Restrict Deep Brain Stimulation Outcomes in Parkinson's Disease.

BACKGROUND: Patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) respond to deep brain stimulation (DBS) variably. However, how brain substrates restrict DBS outcomes remains unclear. OBJECTIVE: In this article, we aim to identify prognostic brain signatures for explaining the response variability. METHODS: We retrospectively investigated a cohort of patients with PD (n = 141) between 2017 and 2022, and defined DBS outcomes as the improvement ratio of clinical motor scores. We used a deviation index to quantify individual perturbations on a reference structural covariance network acquired with preoperative T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging. The neurobiological perturbations of patients were represented as z scored indices based on the chronological perturbations measured on a group of normal aging adults. RESULTS: After applying stringent statistical tests (z > 2.5) and correcting for false discoveries (P < 0.01), we found that accelerated deviations mainly affected the prefrontal cortex, motor strip, limbic system, and cerebellum in PD. Particularly, a negative network within the accelerated deviations, expressed as "more preoperative deviations, less postoperative improvements," could predict DBS outcomes (mean absolute error = 0.09, R2 = 0.15). Moreover, a fusion of personal brain predictors and medical responses significantly improved traditional evaluations of DBS outcomes. Notably, the most important brain predictor, a pathway connecting the cognitive unit (prefrontal cortex) and motor control unit (cerebellum and motor strip), partially mediates DBS outcomes with the age at surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that individual structural perturbations on the cognitive motor control circuit are critical for modulating DBS outcomes. Interventions toward the circuit have the potential for additional clinical improvements. © 2024 The Author(s). Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.

Application of Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy Combined with Immunoassay for the Detection of Adrenoceptor Agonists.

Rapid, sensitive, and accurate detection of adrenoceptor agonists is a significant research topic in the fields of food safety and public health. Immunoassays are among the most widely used methods for detecting adrenoceptor agonists. In recent years, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy combined with immunoassay (SERS-IA) has become an effective technique for improving detection sensitivity. This review focuses on the innovation of Raman reporter molecules and substrate materials for the SERS-IA of adrenoceptor agonists. In addition, it also investigates the challenges involved in potentially applying SERS-IA in the detection of adrenoceptor agonists. Overall, this review provides insight into the design and application of SERS-IA for the detection of adrenoceptor agonists, which is critical for animal-derived food safety and public health.

Rapid and sustained improvements in itch and quality of life with upadacitinib plus topical corticosteroids in adults and adolescents with atopic dermatitis: 52-week outcomes from the phase 3 AD Up study.

Purpose: Atopic dermatitis (AD) adversely impacts quality of life (QoL). We evaluated the effect of upadacitinib, an oral selective Janus kinase inhibitor approved for moderate-to-severe AD, plus topical corticosteroids (+TCS) on patient-reported outcomes (PROs) over 52 weeks.Materials and methods: In the phase 3 AD Up study (NCT03568318), adults and adolescents with moderate-to-severe AD were randomized 1:1:1 to once-daily upadacitinib 15 mg, 30 mg, or placebo + TCS. Itch, skin pain/symptoms, sleep, QoL, daily activities, emotional state, mental health, and patient impressions of disease severity/improvement/treatment satisfaction were assessed.Results: This analysis included 901 patients. Within 1-2 weeks, PRO improvements were greater with both upadacitinib doses than with placebo (p <.05). Improvements increased through weeks 4-8; rates were generally maintained through week 52. At week 52, the proportion of patients with clinically meaningful improvements in itch (Worst Pruritus Numerical Rating Scale improvement ≥4), skin pain (AD Symptom Scale Skin Pain improvement ≥4), sleep (AD Impact Scale [ADerm-IS] Sleep improvement ≥12), daily activities (ADerm-IS Daily Activities improvement ≥14), and emotional state (ADerm-IS Emotional State improvement ≥11) ranged from 62.1%-77.7% with upadacitinib 15 mg + TCS and 71.3%-83.6% with upadacitinib 30 mg + TCS.Conclusions: Upadacitinib + TCS results in rapid, sustained improvements in burdensome AD symptoms and QoL.

Terahertz Biosensor Engineering Based on Quasi-BIC Metasurface with Ultrasensitive Detection.

Terahertz (THz) sensors have attracted great attention in the biological field due to their nondestructive and contact-free biochemical samples. Recently, the concept of a quasi-bound state in the continuum (QBIC) has gained significant attention in designing biosensors with ultrahigh sensitivity. QBIC-based metasurfaces (MSs) achieve excellent performance in various applications, including sensing, optical switching, and laser, providing a reliable platform for biomaterial sensors with terahertz radiation. In this study, a structure-engineered THz MS consisting of a "double C" array has been designed, in which an asymmetry parameter α is introduced into the structure by changing the length of one subunit; the Q-factor of the QBIC device can be optimized by engineering the asymmetry parameter α. Theoretical calculation with coupling equations can well reproduce the THz transmission spectra of the designed THz QBIC MS obtained from the numerical simulation. Experimentally, we adopt an MS with α = 0.44 for testing arginine molecules. The experimental results show that different concentrations of arginine molecules lead to significant transmission changes near QBIC resonant frequencies, and the amplitude change is shown to be 16 times higher than that of the classical dipole resonance. The direct limit of detection for arginine molecules on the QBIC MS reaches 0.36 ng/mL. This work provides a new way to realize rapid, accurate, and nondestructive sensing of trace molecules and has potential application in biomaterial detection.

Upadacitinib Rapidly Improves Patient-Reported Outcomes in Atopic Dermatitis: 16-Week Results from Phase 3 Clinical Trials (Measure Up 1 and 2).

INTRODUCTION: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is characterized by intense itch and other symptoms that negatively impact quality of life (QoL). This study evaluates the effect of upadacitinib (an oral selective Janus kinase inhibitor) monotherapy on patient-reported outcomes (PROs) among adults and adolescents with moderate-to-severe AD over 16 weeks. METHODS: This integrated analysis of the double-blind, placebo-controlled periods of phase 3 monotherapy clinical trials Measure Up 1 (NCT03569293) and Measure Up 2 (NCT03607422) assessed itch (Worst Pruritus Numerical Rating Scale [WP-NRS] and SCORing Atopic Dermatitis [SCORAD]), skin pain and symptom severity (AD Symptom Scale), symptom frequency (Patient-Oriented Eczema Measure), sleep (AD Impact Scale [ADerm-IS] and SCORAD), daily activities and emotional state (ADerm-IS), QoL (Dermatology Life Quality Index [DLQI] and Children's DLQI), mental health (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale), and patient impressions (Patient Global Impression of Severity, Patient Global Impression of Change, and Patient Global Impression of Treatment). RESULTS: Data from 1683 patients (upadacitinib 15 mg, n = 557; upadacitinib 30 mg, n = 567; placebo, n = 559) were analyzed. A greater proportion of patients receiving upadacitinib versus placebo experienced improvements in itch (≥ 4-point improvement on WP-NRS) by week 1 (upadacitinib 15 mg, 11.2%; upadacitinib 30 mg, 17.7%; placebo, 0.5%; P < 0.001), with response rates sustained through week 16 (upadacitinib 15 mg, 47.1%; upadacitinib 30 mg, 59.8%; placebo, 10.4%; P < 0.001). Improvements were similar for PROs assessing skin pain/symptoms, sleep, daily activities, QoL, emotional state, mental health, and patient impressions of disease severity and treatment. Responses generally improved rapidly (within 1-2 weeks), increased through weeks 4-6, and were maintained through week 16. CONCLUSIONS: Once-daily oral upadacitinib monotherapy improved response rates across PROs compared with placebo. Upadacitinib therapy resulted in rapid, sustained improvements in PROs measuring symptom burden and QoL in adults and adolescents with moderate-to-severe AD. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov identifiers, NCT03569293 and NCT03607422.

Atopic dermatitis, or eczema, is characterized by itchy, dry, inflamed skin. These symptoms often make it difficult for patients to get adequate sleep. Patients with atopic dermatitis may also experience anxiety, depression, reduced self-confidence, social isolation, disruption to daily activities like school and work, and decreased quality of life. Many atopic dermatitis symptoms, including itch and psychological impact, are difficult for doctors to assess. Thus, it is important to consider patients' descriptions of their symptoms and quality of life, particularly when assessing treatment benefit. Upadacitinib is an orally administered drug approved to treat moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis. We investigated how upadacitinib (15 mg or 30 mg) given once daily to adults and adolescents with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis in the Measure Up 1 and 2 clinical trials impacts their symptoms and quality of life over a 16-week period. We compared changes in patient-reported itch, pain, sleep, daily activities, emotional state, mental health, and overall quality of life among patients in the clinical trials who received upadacitinib with those in the same studies who received a dummy (placebo) treatment. Upadacitinib improved patient-reported symptoms and quality of life early in the clinical trials, often within the first 1­2 weeks. The extent of the improvements increased through weeks 4­6 of treatment and lasted through week 16. Patients who received upadacitinib reported greater improvements in symptoms and quality of life than did patients who received placebo. Upadacitinib treatment resulted in rapid and lasting improvements in the well-being of patients with atopic dermatitis.

Convolutional MLP orthogonal fusion of multiscale features for visual place recognition.

Visual place recognition (VPR) involves obtaining robust image descriptors to cope with differences in camera viewpoints and drastic external environment changes. Utilizing multiscale features improves the robustness of image descriptors; however, existing methods neither exploit the multiscale features generated during feature extraction nor consider the feature redundancy problem when fusing multiscale information when image descriptors are enhanced. We propose a novel encoding strategy-convolutional multilayer perceptron orthogonal fusion of multiscale features (ConvMLP-OFMS)-for VPR. A ConvMLP is used to obtain robust and generalized global image descriptors and the multiscale features generated during feature extraction are used to enhance the global descriptors to cope with changes in the environment and viewpoints. Additionally, an attention mechanism is used to eliminate noise and redundant information. Compared to traditional methods that use tensor splicing for feature fusion, we introduced matrix orthogonal decomposition to eliminate redundant information. Experiments demonstrated that the proposed architecture outperformed NetVLAD, CosPlace, ConvAP, and other methods. On the Pittsburgh and MSLS datasets, which contained significant viewpoint and illumination variations, our method achieved 92.5% and 86.5% Recall@1, respectively. We also achieved good performances-80.6% and 43.2%-on the SPED and NordLand datasets, respectively, which have more extreme illumination and appearance variations.

Decoding trends in mRNA vaccine research: A comprehensive bibliometric study.

BACKGROUND: In recent years, infectious diseases like COVID-19 have had profound global socio-economic impacts. mRNA vaccines have gained prominence due to their rapid development, industrial adaptability, simplicity, and responsiveness to new variants. Notably, the 2023 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine recognized significant contributions to mRNA vaccine research. METHODS: Our study employed a comprehensive bibliometric analysis using the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) database, encompassing 5,512 papers on mRNA vaccines from 2003 to 2023. We generated cooperation maps, co-citation analyses, and keyword clustering to evaluate the field's developmental history and achievements. RESULTS: The analysis yielded knowledge maps highlighting countries/institutions, influential authors, frequently published and highly cited journals, and seminal references. Ongoing research hotspots encompass immune responses, stability enhancement, applications in cancer prevention and treatment, and combating infectious diseases using mRNA technology. CONCLUSIONS: mRNA vaccines represent a transformative development in infectious disease prevention. This study provides insights into the field's growth and identifies key research priorities, facilitating advancements in vaccine technology and addressing future challenges.

Revealing the Indispensable Role of In Situ Electrochemically Reconstructed Mn(II)/Mn(III) in Improving the Performance of Lithium-Carbon Dioxide Batteries.

Li-CO2 batteries are regarded as promising high-energy-density energy conversion and storage devices, but their practicability is severely hindered by the sluggish CO2 reduction/evolution reaction (CORR/COER) kinetics. Due to the various crystal structures and unique electronic configuration, Mn-based cathode catalysts have shown considerable competition to facilitate CORR/COER. However, the specific active sites and regulation principle of Mn-based catalysts remain ambiguous and limited. Herein, this work designs novel Mn dual-active sites (MOC) supported on N-doped carbon nanofibers and conduct a comprehensive investigation into the underlying relationship between different Mn active sites and their electrochemical performance in Li-CO2 batteries. Impressively, this work finds that owing to the in situ generation and stable existence of Mn(III), MOC undergoes obvious electrochemical reconstruction during battery cycling. Moreover, a series of characterizations and theoretical calculations demonstrate that the different electronic configurations and coordination environments of Mn(II) and Mn(III) are conducive to promoting CORR and COER, respectively. Benefiting from such a modulating behavior, the Li-CO2 batteries deliver a high full discharge capacity of 10.31 mAh cm-2, and ultra-long cycle life (327 cycles/1308 h). This fundamental understanding of MOC reconstruction and the electrocatalytic mechanisms provides a new perspective for designing high-performance multivalent Mn-integrated hybrid catalysts for Li-CO2 batteries.

Association between Parkinson disease and selenium levels in the body: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Parkinson disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder, but its pathogenesis is still not entirely understood. While some trace elements, such as selenium, iron, and copper, are considered pivotal in PD onset due to their role in oxidative stress, the association between selenium concentrations and PD susceptibility remains ambiguous. METHODS: A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted in adherence to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines and framed by the Patient, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome paradigm. Data were sourced from 4 prominent electronic databases: PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library. Eligible studies must have had a PD case group and a control group, both of which presented data on selenium concentrations. The quality of the studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. RESULTS: Of 1541 initially identified articles, 12 studies comprising a total of 597 PD cases and 733 controls were selected for the meta-analysis. Pronounced heterogeneity was observed among these studies. When assessing blood selenium levels, no significant difference was found between patients with PD and the controls. However, when examining the cerebrospinal fluid, selenium levels in PD patients were significantly elevated compared to controls (standard mean difference = 1.21, 95% CI 0.04-2.39, P < .05). Subgroup analyses, sensitivity analyses, and evaluation of publication bias were performed to ensure data robustness. CONCLUSIONS: Elevated selenium levels in cerebrospinal fluid may be associated with a higher risk of Parkinson. Further prospective research is required to solidify this potential link and to offer avenues for novel therapeutic interventions or preventive measures.

Spatially Confined in Situ Formed Sodiophilic-Conductive Network for High-Performance Sodium Metal Batteries.

The sodium (Na) metal anode encounters issues such as volume expansion and dendrite growth during cycling. Herein, a novel three-dimensional flexible composite Na metal anode was constructed through the conversion-alloying reaction between Na and ultrafine Sb2S3 nanoparticles encapsulated within the electrospun carbon nanofibers (Sb2S3@CNFs). The formed sodiophilic Na3Sb sites and the high Na+-conducting Na2S matrix, coupled with CNFs, establish a spatially confined "sodiophilic-conductive" network, which effectively reduces the Na nucleation barrier, improves the Na+ diffusion kinetics, and suppresses the volume expansion, thereby inhibiting the Na dendrite growth. Consequently, the Na/Sb2S3@CNFs electrode exhibits a high Coulombic efficiency (99.94%), exceptional lifespan (up to 2800 h) at high current densities (up to 5 mA cm-2), and high areal capacities (up to 5 mAh cm-2) in symmetric cells. The coin-type full cells assembled with a Na3V2(PO4)3/C cathode demonstrate significant enhancement in electrochemical performance. The flexible pouch cell achieves an excellent energy density of 301 Wh kg-1.

Early and Sustained Improvements in Symptoms and Quality of Life with Upadacitinib in Adults and Adolescents with Moderate-to-Severe Atopic Dermatitis: 52-Week Results from Two Phase III Randomized Clinical Trials (Measure Up 1 and Measure Up 2).

BACKGROUND: Atopic dermatitis is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by increased itch, skin pain, poor sleep quality, and other symptoms that negatively affect patient quality of life. Upadacitinib, an oral selective Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor with greater inhibitory potency for JAK1 than JAK2, JAK3, or tyrosine kinase 2, is approved to treat moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to evaluate the effect of upadacitinib on patient-reported outcomes over 52 weeks in adults and adolescents with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis. METHODS: Data from two phase III monotherapy trials of upadacitinib (Measure Up 1, NCT03569293; Measure Up 2, NCT03607422) were integrated. Changes in pruritus, pain, other skin symptoms, sleep, quality of life, mental health, and patient impression were evaluated. Patient-reported outcome assessments included the Worst Pruritus Numerical Rating Scale, Patient-Oriented Eczema Measure, Dermatology Life Quality Index, Atopic Dermatitis Symptom Scale, Atopic Dermatitis Impact Scale, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, SCORing Atopic Dermatitis index, Patient Global Impression of Severity, Patient Global Impression of Change, and Patient Global Impression of Treatment. Minimal clinically important differences, achievement of scores representing minimal disease burden, and the change from baseline were evaluated in patients who received upadacitinib through week 52 and in patients who received placebo through week 16. RESULTS: This analysis included 1609 patients (upadacitinib 15 mg, N = 557; upadacitinib 30 mg, N = 567; placebo, N = 485). Baseline demographics and disease characteristics were generally similar across all arms. The proportion of patients treated with upadacitinib reporting improvements in itch increased rapidly by week 1, increased steadily through week 8, and was sustained through week 52. Patients receiving upadacitinib also experienced improvements in pain and other skin symptoms by week 1, which continued through week 16; improvements were maintained through week 52. Patient reports of improved sleep increased rapidly from baseline to week 1, increased steadily through week 32, and were sustained through week 52. Patients experienced quality-of-life improvements through week 8, which were maintained through week 52. By week 1, patients in both upadacitinib groups experienced rapid improvements in emotional state, and by week 12, patients also achieved meaningful improvements in anxiety and depression. Improvements in mental health continued steadily through week 32 and were maintained through week 52. Patients treated with upadacitinib 30 mg generally experienced improvements in patient-reported outcomes earlier than those treated with upadacitinib 15 mg. Through week 16, patients receiving upadacitinib experienced greater improvements versus those receiving placebo in all assessed patient-reported outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: Adults and adolescents with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis treated with once-daily upadacitinib 15 or 30 mg experienced early improvements in itch, pain, other skin symptoms, sleep, quality of life, and mental health that were sustained through week 52. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov identifiers NCT03569293 (13 August 2018) and NCT03607422 (27 July 2018).

Atopic dermatitis, or eczema, is a condition that causes painful itchy dry skin, which is burdensome for patients and has a negative impact on quality of life. These symptoms frequently lead to disruption of daily activities such as school and work, decreased self-confidence, social isolation, anxiety, depression, and sleep disturbance. Symptoms of atopic dermatitis, such as itch and sleep disturbance, can only be assessed by patients. Therefore, it is important to consider patients' perceptions of their symptoms and the related impact on their quality of life, especially when evaluating treatment benefits. Upadacitinib is an orally administered drug approved to treat moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis. In two clinical trials (Measure Up 1 and Measure Up 2), we investigated how treatment with upadacitinib (15-mg or 30-mg dose) given once daily to adults and adolescents with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis would impact their symptoms and quality of life over a 1-year period. We measured changes over time in patients' assessments of itch, pain, other skin-related symptoms, sleep, daily activities, emotional state, mental health, and overall quality of life. Patients treated with upadacitinib experienced improvements in symptoms of atopic dermatitis and quality of life within the first 1­2 weeks of treatment. These improvements continued to steadily increase in the following weeks and lasted through 1 year of treatment. In conclusion, once-daily treatment with upadacitinib 15 or 30 mg led to early and lasting improvements in the well-being of patients with atopic dermatitis.

Fabrication and characterization of a multi-functional GBR membrane of gelatin-chitosan for osteogenesis and angiogenesis.

Guided bone regeneration (GBR) membranes are widely used to treat bone defects. In this study, sequential electrospinning and electrospraying techniques were used to prepare a dual-layer GBR membrane composed of gelatin (Gel) and chitosan (CS) containing simvastatin (Sim)-loaded poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microspheres (Sim@PLGA/Gel-CS). As a GBR membrane, Sim@PLGA/Gel-CS could act as a barrier to prevent soft tissue from occupying regions of bone tissue. Furthermore, compared with traditional GBR membranes, Sim@PLGA/Gel-CS played an active role on stimulating osteogenesis and angiogenesis. Determination of the physical, chemical, and biological properties of Sim@PLGA/Gel-CS membranes revealed uniform sizes of the nanofibers and microspheres and appropriate morphologies. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy was used to characterize the interactions between Sim@PLGA/Gel-CS molecules and the increase in the number of amide groups in crosslinked membranes. The thermal stability and tensile strength of the membranes increased after N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N9- ethylcarbodiimide/N-hydroxysuccinimide crosslinking. The increased fiber density of the barrier layer decreased fibroblast migration compared with that in the osteogenic layer. Osteogenic function was indicated by the increased alkaline phosphatase activity, calcium deposition, and neovascularization. In conclusion, the multifunctional effects of Sim@PLGA/Gel-CS on the barrier and bone microenvironment were achieved via its dual-layer structure and simvastatin coating. Sim@PLGA/Gel-CS has potential applications in bone tissue regeneration.

An immunochromatographic strip sensor for marbofloxacin residues.

Marbofloxacin (MBF) was once widely used as a veterinary drug to control diseases in animals. MBF residues in animal food endanger human health. In the present study, an immunochromatographic strip assay (ICSA) utilizing a competitive principle was developed to rapidly detect MBF in beef samples. The 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) and the limit of detection (LOD) of the ICSAs were 2.5 ng/mL and 0.5 ng/mL, respectively. The cross-reactivity (CR) of the MBF ICSAs to Ofloxacin (OFL), enrofloxacin (ENR), norfloxacin (NOR), and Ciprofloxacin (CIP) were 60.98%, 32.05%, 22.94%, and 23.58%, respectively. The CR for difloxacin (DIF) and sarafloxacin (SAR) was less than 0.1%. The recovery rates of MBF in spiked beef samples ranged from 82.0% to 90.4%. The intra-assay and interassay coefficients of variation (CVs) were below 10%. In addition, when the same authentic beef samples were detected in a side-by-side comparison between the ICSAs and HPLC‒MS, no statistically significant difference was observed. Therefore, the proposed ICSAs can be a useful tool for monitoring MBF residues in beef samples in a qualitative and quantitative manner.

Fano resonance-integrated metal nanoparticles' enhanced sensing for pesticide detection.

The combined application of metasurface and terahertz (THz) time-domain spectroscopy techniques has received considerable attention in the fields of sensing and detection. However, to detect trace samples, the THz wave must still be enhanced locally using certain methods to improve the detection sensitivity. In this study, we proposed and experimentally demonstrated a fano resonance metasurface-based silver nanoparticles (FaMs-AgNPs) sensor. AgNPs can enhance the sensitivity of the sensor by generating charge accumulation and inducing localized electric field enhancement through the tip effect, thereby enhancing the interaction between the THz waves and analytes. We investigated the effects of four different contents of AgNPs, 10 µl, 20 µl, 30 µl and 40 µl, on the detection of acetamiprid. At 30 µl of AgNPs, the amplitude change of the FaMs-AgNPs sensor was more pronounced and the sensitivity was higher, which could detect acetamiprid solutions as low as 100 pg/ml. The FaMs-AgNPs sensor has the advantages of a simple structure, easy processing, and excellent sensing performance, and has a great potential application value in the field of THz trace detection and other fields.

[Research Progress in the Effect of Exercise Intervention on Sleep Disorders and the Mechanisms Involved]. / è¿åŠ¨å¹²é¢„å¯¹ç¡çœ éšœç¢çš„å½±å“åŠä½œç”¨æœºåˆ¶ç ”ç©¶è¿›å±•.

Sleep disorders, a common concern in modern society, seriously affect people's physical and mental health. Reported findings suggest that both acute exercise intervention and long-term regular exercise intervention can improve the disrupted sleep structure and normalize the duration and proportion of the different phases of sleep. Moreover, exercise intervention has a positive effect on the endocrine functions, the metabolic functions, the immune response, the autonomic nervous system, and cardiac functions during sleep. It is a non-medicative therapeutic strategy for improving sleep disorders. The specific type of exercise intervention (aerobic exercise, resistance exercise, or meditative movement) adopted is one of the moderating variables of exercise intervention programs. Different types of exercise improve sleep disorders by way of different mechanisms. Exercise volume and intensity are another moderating variable of exercise intervention programs. The optimal amount and intensity of exercise for different individuals to improve sleep disorders may vary. Exercise interventions implemented at the different times throughout a day can also have varying degrees of impact on sleep disorders and there is no consensus on the optimal exercise time for improving sleep quality at present. Herein, we summarized the mechanisms by which exercise intervention improves sleep disorders from four perspectives, including epigenetics, hyperarousal, human circadian rhythm, and body temperature regulation. In addition, we discussed the current gaps and prospects of research in this field, aiming to provide a theoretical basis for the development of exercise prescriptions for sleep disorders.

Enabling All-Solid-State Lithium-Carbon Dioxide Battery Operation in a Wide Temperature Range.

Flexible all-solid-state lithium-carbon dioxide batteries (FASSLCBs) are recognized as a next-generation energy storage technology by solving safety and shuttle effect problems. However, the present FASSLCBs rely heavily on high-temperature operation due to sluggish solid-solid-gas multiphase mass transfer and unclear capacity degradation mechanism. Herein, we designed bicontinuous hierarchical porous structures (BCHPSs) for both solid polymer electrolyte and cathode for FASSLCBs to facilitate the mass transfer in all connected directions. The formed large Lewis acidic surface effectively promotes the lithium salt dissociation and the CO2 conversion. Furthermore, it is unraveled that the battery capacity degradation originates from the "dead Li2CO3" formation, which is inhibited by the fast decomposition of Li2CO3. Accordingly, the assembled FASSLCBs exhibit an excellent cycling stability of 133 cycles at 60 °C, which is 2.7 times longer than that without BCHPSs, and the FASSLCBs can be operated repeatedly even at room temperature. This BCHPS method and fundamental deactivation mechanism provide a perspective for designing FASSLCBs with long cycling life.

3D mixed ion/electron-conducting scaffolds for stable sodium metal anodes.

Sodium (Na) metal batteries represent an optimal choice for the forthcoming generation of large-scale, cost-effective energy storage systems. However, Na metal anodes encounter several formidable challenges during the Na plating and stripping processes, which encompass the formation of an unstable solid electrolyte interface, uncontrollable dendrite growth, and infinite volume expansion. These issues result in a reduced Coulombic efficiency, shortened battery lifespan, and potential safety hazards, thereby constraining their commercial development. Therefore, addressing these challenges to ensure the cycling stability of Na metal anodes stands as a paramount requirement for practical applications. Among the reported strategies, three-dimensional conductive scaffolds possessing a high surface area and porous structure are acknowledged for their significant potential in stabilizing Na metal anodes. Compared with conventional electron-conducting scaffolds, emerging mixed ion/electron-conductive (MIEC) scaffolds provide rapid ion/electron transport pathways, which enable uniform Na+ flux and promote dendrite-free Na deposition, thus improving the cycle life of Na metal anodes, even at high current densities and large areal capacities. Therefore, this review primarily emphasizes the recent progress in applying MIEC scaffolds to Na metal anodes. It introduces diverse design methods, examines the electrochemical performance of MIEC scaffolds, and delves into their regulation mechanisms over Na deposition behaviour. Finally, the development prospects and research strategies for MIEC scaffolds from both fundamental research and practical application perspectives are discussed, suggesting directions for further designing high-performance Na metal batteries.

Influence of interpersonal distance on collaborative performance in the joint Simon task-An fNIRS-based hyperscanning study.

Collaboration is a critical skill in everyday life. It has been suggested that collaborative performance may be influenced by social factors such as interpersonal distance, which is defined as the perceived psychological distance between individuals. Previous literature has reported that close interpersonal distance may promote the level of self-other integration between interacting members, and in turn, enhance collaborative performance. These studies mainly focused on interdependent collaboration, which requires high levels of shared representations and self-other integration. However, little is known about the effect of interpersonal distance on independent collaboration (e.g., the joint Simon task), in which individuals perform the task independently while the final outcome is determined by the parties. To address this issue, we simultaneously measured the frontal activations of ninety-four pairs of participants using a functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS)-based hyperscanning technique while they performed a joint Simon task. Behavioral results showed that the Joint Simon Effect (JSE), defined as the RT difference between incongruent and congruent conditions indicating the level of self-other integration between collaborators, was larger in the friend group than in the stranger group. Consistently, the inter-brain neural synchronization (INS) across the dorsolateral and medial parts of the prefrontal cortex was also stronger in the friend group. In addition, INS in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex negatively predicted JSE only in the friend group. These results suggest that close interpersonal distance may enhance the shared mental representation among collaborators, which in turn influences their collaborative performance.