Inhibiting SHP2 reduces glycolysis, promotes microglial M1 polarization, and alleviates secondary inflammation following spinal cord injury in a mouse model.

JOURNAL/nrgr/04.03/01300535-202503000-00030/figure1/v/2024-06-17T092413Z/r/image-tiff Reducing the secondary inflammatory response, which is partly mediated by microglia, is a key focus in the treatment of spinal cord injury. Src homology 2-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase 2 (SHP2), encoded by PTPN11, is widely expressed in the human body and plays a role in inflammation through various mechanisms. Therefore, SHP2 is considered a potential target for the treatment of inflammation-related diseases. However, its role in secondary inflammation after spinal cord injury remains unclear. In this study, SHP2 was found to be abundantly expressed in microglia at the site of spinal cord injury. Inhibition of SHP2 expression using siRNA and SHP2 inhibitors attenuated the microglial inflammatory response in an in vitro lipopolysaccharide-induced model of inflammation. Notably, after treatment with SHP2 inhibitors, mice with spinal cord injury exhibited significantly improved hind limb locomotor function and reduced residual urine volume in the bladder. Subsequent in vitro experiments showed that, in microglia stimulated with lipopolysaccharide, inhibiting SHP2 expression promoted M2 polarization and inhibited M1 polarization. Finally, a co-culture experiment was conducted to assess the effect of microglia treated with SHP2 inhibitors on neuronal cells. The results demonstrated that inflammatory factors produced by microglia promoted neuronal apoptosis, while inhibiting SHP2 expression mitigated these effects. Collectively, our findings suggest that SHP2 enhances secondary inflammation and neuronal damage subsequent to spinal cord injury by modulating microglial phenotype. Therefore, inhibiting SHP2 alleviates the inflammatory response in mice with spinal cord injury and promotes functional recovery postinjury.

A multimodal physiological and psychological dataset for human with mental stress induced myocardial ischemia.

Accurate differentiation between angina with no obstructive coronary arteries (ANOCA) and mental stress-induced myocardial ischemia (MSIMI) is crucial for tailored treatment strategies, yet public data scarcity hampers understanding. Given the higher incidence of both conditions in women, this study prospectively enrolled 80 female ANOCA and 39 age-matched female controls, subjecting them to three types of mental stress tasks. ECGs were continuously monitored across Rest, Stress, and Recover stages of the mental stress tasks, with PET/CT imaging during the Stress stage to evaluate myocardial perfusion. With PET/CT serving as the gold standard for MSIMI diagnosis, 35 of the 80 ANOCA patients were diagnosed as MSIMI. Using ECG variables from different stages of mental stress tasks, we developed five machine learning models to diagnose MSIMI. The results showed that ECG data from different stages provide valuable information for MSIMI classification. Additionally, the dataset encompassed demographic details, physiological, and blood sample test results of the patients. We anticipate this new dataset will significantly push further progress in ANOCA and MSIMI research.

miR-540-3p partially recovers the locomotor function of spinal cord injury mice by targeting SIX4/Yap1 and inactivation of astrocytes.

BACKGROUND: Spinal cord injury (SCI) lacks therapeutic reagents. miRNAs are responsible for mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) therapy in spinal cord injury. PURPOSE: To discover the underlying therapeutic miRNA target and its mechanism for the treatment of SCI. METHOD: Two RNA sequence datasets were retrieved from the GEO Datasets database which was accessed on 30 December 2023. The targets of the top 2 ranked miRNAs (miR-540-3p and miR-433-5p) were analyzed using online databases (miRDB, miRMap, TargetScan and STRING database) and both miRNAs were screened by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. Then, transfection and local injection of miR-540-3p were performed to examine the capacity of secretion of astrocytes and the locomotor function of SCI mice. RESULTS: The significantly high levels of miR-540-3p/433-5p were revealed. Transfection of miR-540-3p conferred inactivation of reactive astrocytes and weakened the capacity of secreting inflammatory cytokines of astrocytes. miR-433-5p was proven to not impact the proliferation of astrocytes. Co-culture of culture supernate from astrocytes transfected with miR-540-3p and neurons demonstrated the significantly preserved neurite length and decreased apoptotic level of neurons. Meanwhile, sine oculis homeobox (SIX4)/Yap1, as the target of miR-540-3p, is critical for abrogating inflammatory damage of neurons in vivo and in vitro, decreasing glial scar, and recovering locomotor function of spinal cord injury mice. Furthermore, SCI mice receiving a local injection of miR-540-3p showed smaller and lighter bladder volume and higher limb strength, but the period from urinary retention to autonomous urination of SCI mice showed no significance. CONCLUSIONS: Conclusively, miR-540 discovered from hypoxia-treated exosomes suppresses the inflammatory cytokines secreted by reactive astrocytes, partially preserves the neuronal function of spinal cord injury mice, through the SIX4/Yap1 signalling pathway.

Design and synthesis of matrine derivatives for anti myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury by promoting angiogenesis.

Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (MI/R) is a common cardiovascular disease that seriously affects the quality of life and prognosis of patients. In recent years, matrine has attracted widespread attention in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. This study designed, synthesized, and characterized 20 new matrine derivatives and studied their protective effects on ischemia-reperfusion injury through in vivo and in vitro experiments. Based on cellular assays, most newly synthesized derivatives have a certain protective effect on Hypoxia/Reoxygenation (H/R) induced H9C2 cell damage, with compound 22 having the best activity and effectively reducing cell apoptosis and necrosis. In vitro experimental data shows that compound 22 can significantly reduce the infarct size of rat myocardium and improve cardiac function after MI/R injury. In summary, compound 22 is a new potential cardioprotective agent that can promote angiogenesis and enhance antioxidant activity by activating ADCY5, CREB3l4, and VEGFA, thereby protecting myocardial cell apoptosis and necrosis induced by MI/R.

Diterpenoid alkaloids from Delphinium trichophorum.

The ethanol extract of the whole plant of Delphinium trichophorum Franch was subjected to a phytochemical study, leading to the isolation of ten unprecedented diterpenoid alkaloids, including nine delnudine-type C20-diterpenoid alkaloids named trichophodines A-I and one kusnezoline-type C20-diterpenoid alkaloid named trichophozine A. Additionally, seven known compounds were also identified. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analysis, including HSQC, HMBC, 1H-1H COSY, NOESY and X-ray crystallographic analysis. Most isolated compounds were screened for inhibitory activities against LPS-induced NO production in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory effects. Guan-fu base V exhibited potent inhibitory activity against acetylcholinesterase, demonstrating an inhibitory rate of 53.81% at a concentration of 40 µM.

The Influence of Homologous Arm Length on Homologous Recombination Gene Editing Efficiency Mediated by SSB/CRISPR-Cas9 in Escherichia coli.

The precise editing of genes mediated by CRISPR-Cas9 necessitates the application of donor DNA with appropriate lengths of homologous arms and fragment sizes. Our previous development, SSB/CRISPR-Cas9, has demonstrated high efficiency in homologous recombination and non-homologous end joining gene editing within bacteria. In this study, we optimized the lengths and sizes of homologous arms of the donor DNA within this system. Two sets of donor DNA constructs were generated: one set comprised donors with only 10-100 bp homologous arms, while the other set included donors with homologous arms ranging from 10-100 bp, between which was a tetracycline resistance expression cassette (1439 bp). These donor constructs were transformed into Escherichia coli MG1655 cells alongside pCas-SSB/pTargetF-lacZ. Notably, when the homologous arms ranged from 10 to 70 bp, the transformation efficiency of non-selectable donors was significantly higher than that of selectable donors. However, within the range of 10-100 bp homologous arm lengths, the homologous recombination rate of selectable donors was significantly higher than that of non-selectable donors, with the gap narrowing as the homologous arm length increased. For selectable donor DNA with homologous arm lengths of 10-60 bp, the homologous recombination rate increased linearly, reaching a plateau when the homologous arm length was between 60-100 bp. Conversely, for non-selectable donor DNA, the homologous recombination rate increased linearly with homologous arm lengths of 10-90 bp, plateauing at 90-100 bp. Editing two loci simultaneously with 100 bp homologous arms, whether selectable or non-selectable, showed no difference in transformation or homologous recombination rates. Editing three loci simultaneously with 100 bp non-selectable homologous arms resulted in a 45% homologous recombination rate. These results suggest that efficient homologous recombination gene editing mediated by SSB/CRISPR-Cas9 can be achieved using donor DNA with 90-100 bp non-selectable homologous arms or 60-100 bp selectable homologous arms.

Comparative study of photodynamic therapy (PDT) of cervical low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL).

BACKGROUND: Prevention of high-risk HPV (HR-HPV) infection and effective medical intervention of persistent HPV infection and precancerous lesions are critical for the prevention of cervical cancer. AIMS: The aim of this retrospective comparative study was to evaluate the outcomes of ALA PDT and observation only in the management of low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL). METHODS: In PDT Group (n = 138), ALA PDT was applied to patients with colposcopic biopsy confirmed cervical LSIL accompanied with HR-HPV infection longer than 1 year or HPV 16/18 subtype infection. Cervical LSIL only patients received 3 times of ALA PDT and those with concurrent cervical canal or vaginal lesions received 6 times ALA PDT. Control Group (n = 69) received observation only. Colposcopy, TCT and HPV typing were performed before and after treatment. Patients were followed up for up to two years. RESULT: The observation group showed 26.1%, 34.8% and 53.6% HR-HPV negative conversion at 3-6, 12 and 24 months, respectively. LSIL regression rate of the observation group was 33.33%, 36.23% and 65.22% at 3-6, 12 and 24 months, respectively. There was 62.32%, 80.56% and 89.22% patients achieved HPV clearance at 3-6, 12 and 24 months after PDT treatment, respectively. The LSIL remission rate was 89.86%, 94.40% and 96.08% at 3-6, 12 and 24 months after ALA PDT, respectively. The abnormal TCT (≧ ASCUS) was reduced from 92% to 10.1%, 4.6% and 3.9% at 3-6, 12 and 24 months after ALA PDT, respectively. The patient age was not a factor affecting the clearance of HPV infection and the LSIL regression rate of PDT treatment. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that the application of multiple ALA PDT treatments has added value in achieving both short-term and long-term HPV and lesion clearance.

Patterned Photonic Actuators with Dynamic Shape-Morphing and Color-Changing Capabilities Fabricated by Athermal Embossing Technology.

Stimuli-responsive patterned photonic actuators, characterized by their patterned nano/microscale structures and capacity to demonstrate synergistic color changes and shape morphing in response to external stimuli, have attracted intense scientific attention. However, traditional patterned photonic actuator systems still face limitations such as cumbersome and time-consuming preparation processes and small-scale deformations. Herein, we introduce a facile approach involving an athermal embossing technique to rapidly fabricate patterned photonic actuators based on near-infrared (NIR) light-responsive liquid crystal elastomers. The resulting patterned photonic actuators demonstrate remarkable features, including brilliant angle-dependent structural color, complex three-dimensional actuation, and good color durability under NIR light stimulation. As illustrative demonstrations of the proof-of-concept, we fabricate two light-fuelled patterned photonic soft actuators: a butterfly-inspired actuator that can produce wing-flapping dynamic changes in structural color, and an origami crane-shaped actuator with shape memory, structural color information storage, and dynamic display properties. This strategy provides distinct insights into the design and fabrication of various patterned photonic soft robotic devices and intelligent actuators.

Fabrication of Efficient and Simple-Structured Perovskite Solar Cells Using a Multifunctional Biocolina Surface Treatment.

The electron transport layer (ETL)-free perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have gained significant interest by simplifying the manufacture process and reducing the time/energy required for the fabrication of ETLs. Unfortunately, the performance of these ETL-free PSCs still lags behind those of the conventional counterparts due to the slow electron extraction and undesired interfacial charge recombination loss at the buried interface. In this work, a facile and multifunctional biocolina thin layer is incorporated on the bottom electrodes to regulate the interface energy level alignment by forming an interface dipole layer, resulting in a suppressed nonradiative recombination and an improved charge extraction. Furthermore, the biocolina thin layer possess the capability to passivate the surface defects within the perovskite films while simultaneously facilitate the formation of perovskite crystals. Consequently, a remarkable enhancement in photovoltaic performance is observed in the biocolina-based ETL-free PSCs with an increase from 15.96 % to an outstanding 20.01 %. Additionally, the biocolina extends the stability and relieves the hysteresis effect through the interface defect passivation and inhibition of interface charge accumulation. This research contributes to the development of cost-effective, simplified designs for highly efficient ETL-free PSCs by modifying the bottom electrodes.

Nickel-Catalyzed Enantioselective Reductive Arylation of Common Ketones.

A nickel complex of chiral bisoxazolines catalyzed the stereoselective reductive arylation of ketones in high enantioselectivity. A range of common acyclic and cyclic ketones reacted without the aid of directing groups. Mechanistic studies using isolated complex of a chiral bis(oxazoline) (L)Ni(Ar)Br revealed that Mn reduction was not needed, while Lewis acidic titanium alkoxides were critical to ketone insertion.

Norditerpenoid alkaloids from Aconitum refractum var. circinatum as autophagy inducers.

A total of twenty-two diterpenoid alkaloids, including ten unprecedented ones, namely refractines C-L, were isolated from the roots of Aconitum refractum (Finet et Gagnep.) Hand.-Mazz. Refractine C was the first example of a natural diterpenoid alkaloid wherein C-19 is linked to N position by an oxaziridine ring. Refractine L was a rare glycosidic diterpenoid alkaloid with fructofuranoside. Most of the isolated compounds obtained from a previous study were screened for their anti-inflammatory and myocardial protective activities. The autophagy-inducing effects of some of these compounds on RAW 264.7 cells were evaluated by assessing the expression of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3-II/LC3-I). Results revealed that some compounds exerted varying levels of inhibitory effects on the proliferative activity of RAW 264.7 cells.

Asymmetric Wettability Janus Mesh via Electrostatic Printing for Selective Oil-Water and Emulsion Separation.

Janus mesh with two-sided asymmetric wettability shows high potential for selective oil-water and emulsion separation. However, it remains a challenge to construct Janus mesh structures with good stability and extremely asymmetric wettability. Herein, a novel Janus mesh with asymmetric wettability was structured by two different precursors, polydimethylsiloxane/zinc oxide (PDMS/ZnO) and zinc oxide-polyacrylonitrile/N,N-dimethylformamide (ZnO-PAN/DMF), by electrostatic printing, including electrostatic air spraying and electrostatic spinning. The prepared Janus mesh has special micro-nanostructures on two sides, including PDMS@ZnO and ZnO@PAN. On the basis of gravity, when the placement direction is changed, Janus mesh can effectively separate oil-water mixtures of different densities and surfactant-stabilized oil-water emulsions. Meanwhile, the obtained Janus mesh exhibited good separation efficiency (>96.3%) for various oil-water mixtures, and the flux was up to 2621 ± 30 L m-2 h-1. The Janus mesh was cycled 20 times with no weakening in separation efficiency, indicating satisfactory cycling stability. The Janus mesh displayed good stability under harsh conditions (acidic, alkaline, and high temperature). The Janus mesh can realize low energy input and long-lasting oil-water separation, which has widespread application prospects in intelligent oil-water separation. This top-down electrostatic printing strategy provides a way to construct Janus interface materials with practical applications.

Phloretin inhibits transmissible gastroenteritis virus proliferation via multiple mechanisms.

Transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV), an enteropathogenic coronavirus, has caused huge economic losses to the pig industry, with 100% mortality in piglets aged 2 weeks and intestinal injury in pigs of other ages. However, there is still a shortage of safe and effective anti-TGEV drugs in clinics. In this study, phloretin, a naturally occurring dihydrochalcone glycoside, was identified as a potent antagonist of TGEV. Specifically, we found phloretin effectively inhibited TGEV proliferation in PK-15 cells, dose-dependently reducing the expression of TGEV N protein, mRNA, and virus titer. The anti-TGEV activity of phloretin was furthermore refined to target the internalization and replication stages. Moreover, we also found that phloretin could decrease the expression levels of proinflammatory cytokines induced by TGEV infection. In addition, we expanded the potential key targets associated with the anti-TGEV effect of phloretin to AR, CDK2, INS, ESR1, ESR2, EGFR, PGR, PPARG, PRKACA, and MAPK14 with the help of network pharmacology and molecular docking techniques. Furthermore, resistant viruses have been selected by culturing TGEV with increasing concentrations of phloretin. Resistance mutations were reproducibly mapped to the residue (S242) of main protease (Mpro). Molecular docking analysis showed that the mutation (S242F) significantly disrupted phloretin binding to Mpro, suggesting Mpro might be a potent target of phloretin. In summary, our findings indicate that phloretin is a promising drug candidate for combating TGEV, which may be helpful for developing pharmacotherapies for TGEV and other coronavirus infections.

Tensile and High Cycle Fatigue Performance at Room and Elevated Temperatures of Laser Powder Bed Fusion Manufactured Hastelloy X.

The application potential of additive manufacturing nickel-based superalloys in aeroengines and gas turbines is extensive, and evaluating their mechanical properties is crucial for promoting the engineering application in load-bearing components. In this study, Hastelloy X alloy was prepared using the laser powder bed fusion process combined with solution heat treatment. The tensile and high cycle fatigue properties were experimentally investigated at room temperature as well as two typical elevated temperatures, 650 °C and 815 °C. It was found that, during elevated-temperature tensile deformation, the alloy exhibits significant serrated flow behavior, primarily observed during the initial stage of plastic deformation at 650 °C but occurring throughout the entire plastic deformation process at 815 °C. Notably, when deformation is small, sawtooth fluctuations are significantly higher at 815 °C compared to 650 °C. Irregular subsurface lack of fusion defects serve as primary sources for fatigue crack initiation in this alloy including both single-source and multi-source initiation mechanisms; moreover, oxidation on fracture surfaces is more prone to occur at elevated temperatures, particularly at 815 °C.

A unidirectional water-transport antibacterial bilayer nanofibrous dressing based on chitosan for accelerating wound healing.

Excessive accumulation of exudate from wounds often causes infection and hinders skin regeneration. To handle wound exudate quickly and prevent infection, we developed an antibacterial Janus nanofibrous dressing with a unidirectional water-transport function. The dressing consists of a hydrophilic chitosan aerogel (CS-A) as the outer layer and a hydrophobic laurylated chitosan (La-CS) nanofibrous membrane as the inner layer. These dressings achieved excellent liquid absorption performance (2987.8 ±â€¯123.5 %), air and moisture permeability (997.8 ±â€¯23.1 g/m2/day) and mechanical strength (5.1 ±â€¯2.6 MPa). This performance was obtained by adjusting the density of CS-A and the thickness of the La-CS membrane. Moreover, the dressing did not induce significant toxicity to cells and can prevent bacterial aggregation and infection at the wound site. Animal experiments showed that the dressing can shorten the inflammatory phase, enhance blood vessel generation, and accelerate collagen deposition, thus promoting wound healing. Overall, these results suggest that this Janus dressing is a promising material for clinical wound care.

Initial [18F]DCFPyL PET/CT in treatment-naïve prostate cancer: correlation with post-ADT PSA outcomes and recurrence.

PURPOSE: Positron emission tomography (PET) with prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) targeting tracers has emerged as a valuable diagnostic tool for prostate cancer (PCa), androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) stands as the cornerstone treatment for advanced PCa, yet forecasting the response to hormonal therapy poses a significant clinical hurdle. METHODS: In a prospective cohort of 86 PCa patients undergoing short-term ADT, this study evaluated the prognostic potential of [18F]DCFPyL PET/CT scans. Comprehensive data encompassing clinical profiles, baseline prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels, and imaging metrics were assessed. We developed predictive models for assessing decreases in PSA levels (PSA50 and PSA70) based on a combination of PET-related parameters and clinical factors. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was utilized to ascertain the prognostic value of PET-based metrics. RESULTS: In this study, elevated [18F]DCFPyL uptake within the primary tumor, as indicated by a SUV ≥ 6.78 (p = 0.0024), and a reduction in the tumor volume (TV) of primary PSMA-avid tumor with PSMA-TV < 41.96 cm3 (p = 0.038), as well as an increased burden of metastatic PSMA-avid tumor, with PSMA-TV (PSMA-TV ≥ 71.39 cm3) (p = 0.012) were identified in association with diminished progression-free survival (PFS). PET and clinical parameters demonstrated constrained predictive capacity for PSA50 response as indicated by an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.442. CONCLUSION: Our study revealed that pretreatment [18F]DCFPyL uptake in primary or metastatic tumor sites is prognostically relevant in high-risk PCa patients undergoing ADT. Further research is needed to develop robust predictive models in this multifaceted landscape of PCa management.

Urgent one-stage endoscopic treatment for choledocholithiasis related moderate to severe acute cholangitis: A propensity score-matched analysis.

BACKGROUND: During emergency endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), the safety and feasibility of performing one-stage endoscopic treatment for patients with acute cholangitis (AC) due to choledocholithiasis are unclear. AIM: To investigate the safety and feasibility of one-stage endoscopic treatment for moderate to severe AC. METHODS: We enrolled all patients diagnosed with moderate to severe cholangitis due to common bile duct stones from January 2019 to July 2023. The outcomes were compared in this study between patients who underwent ERCP within 24 h and those who underwent ERCP 24 h later, employing a propensity score (PS) framework. Our primary outcomes were intensive care unit (ICU) admission rates, ICU length of stay, and duration of antibiotic use. RESULTS: In total, we included 254 patients and categorized them into two groups based on the time elapsed between admission and intervention: The urgent group (≤ 24 h, n = 102) and the elective group (> 24 h, n = 152). Ninety-three pairs of patients with similar characteristics were selected by PS matching. The urgent ERCP group had more ICU admissions (34.4% vs 21.5%, P = 0.05), shorter ICU stays (3 d vs 9 d, P < 0.001), fewer antibiotic use (6 d vs 9 d, P < 0.001), and shorter hospital stays (9 d vs 18.5 d, P < 0.001). There were no significant differences observed in adverse events, in-hospital mortality, recurrent cholangitis occurrence, 30-d readmission rate or 30-d mortality. CONCLUSION: Urgent one-stage ERCP provides the advantages of a shorter ICU stay, a shorter duration of antibiotic use, and a shorter hospital stay.

Efficacy and safety of combined anlotinib-oral etoposide treatment for patients with platinum-resistant ovarian cancer.

OBJECTIVE: Despite the availability of numerous treatment options, managing patients with platinum-resistant ovarian cancer (PROC) remains challenging, and the prognosis of PROC is notably unfavorable. This retrospective study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of combined anlotinib-oral etoposide treatment for patients with PROC. METHODS: Data of 23 patients who were diagnosed with PROC from January 2020 to November 2022 and treated with anlotinib combined with oral etoposide for at least 2 cycles were retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS: Among per-protocol patients, 9 (45.0%; 95% confidence interval [CI]=21.1-68.9) of 20 patients achieved partial response and 17 (85.0%, 95% CI=67.9-100.0) of 20 patients achieved disease control. The median progression-free survival was 8.7 months (95% CI=5.3-11.6). The incidence of adverse events (any grade) was 100%, and the incidence of grade 3-4 adverse events was 54.5%. CONCLUSION: Anlotinib combined with etoposide emerged effective for the treatment of PROC.

Development and therapeutic implications of small molecular inhibitors that target calcium-related channels in tumor treatment.

Calcium ion dysregulation exerts profound effects on various physiological activities such as tumor proliferation, migration, and drug resistance. Calcium-related channels play a regulatory role in maintaining calcium ion homeostasis, with most channels being highly expressed in tumor cells. Additionally, these channels serve as potential drug targets for the development of antitumor medications. In this review, we first discuss the current research status of these pathways, examining how they modulate various tumor functions such as epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), metabolism, and drug resistance. Simultaneously, we summarize the recent progress in the study of novel small-molecule drugs over the past 5 years and their current status.

Palmatine Alleviates Particulate Matter-Induced Acute Lung Injury by Inhibiting Pyroptosis via Activating the Nrf2-Related Pathway.

Particulate matter (PM) induces and enhances oxidative stress and inflammation, leading to a variety of respiratory diseases, including acute lung injury. Exploring new treatments for PM-induced lung injury has long been of interest to researchers. Palmatine (PAL) is a natural extract derived from plants that has been reported in many studies to alleviate inflammatory diseases. Our study was designed to explore whether PAL can alleviate acute lung injury caused by PM. The acute lung injury model was established by instilling PM (4 mg/kg) into the airway of mice, and PAL (50 mg/kg and 100 m/kg) was administrated orally as the treatment groups. The effect and mechanism of PAL treatment were examined by immunofluorescence, immunohistochemistry, Western Blotting, ELISA, and other experiments. The results showed that oral administration of PAL (50 mg/kg and 100 m/kg) could significantly alleviate lung inflammation and acute lung injury caused by PM. In terms of mechanism, we found that PAL (50 mg/kg) exerts anti-inflammatory and anti-damage effects mainly by enhancing the activation of the Nrf2-related antioxidant pathway and inhibiting the activation of the NLRP3-related pyroptosis pathway in mice. These mechanisms have also been verified in our cell experiments. Further cell experiments showed that PAL may reduce intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) by activating Nrf2-related pathways, thereby inhibiting the activation of NLRP3-related pyroptosis pathway induced by PM in Beas-2B cell. Our study suggests that PAL can be a new option for PM-induced acute lung injury.