Prevalence of elder abuse in the community and care settings: An umbrella review.

OBJECTIVE: Elder abuse, an important human rights issue and public health problem, contributes to increased disability and mortality. In the last decades, several reviews have synthesized primary studies to determine its prevalence. This umbrella review aimed to estimate the worldwide overall prevalence rate of elder abuse in the community and care setting. METHODS: Following prospective registration at PROSPERO (CRD42021281866) we conducted a search of eight electronic databases to identify systematic reviews from inception until 17 January 2023. The corrected covered area was calculated to estimate the potential overlap of primary studies between reviews. The quality of the selected reviews was assessed using a modified AMSTAR-2 instrument. We extracted data on the prevalence of any type of elder (people aged 60 years old or older) abuse in the community and care setting. RESULTS: There were 16 systematic reviews retrieved between 2007 and 2022, out of which ten captured prevalence globally, three in Iran, one in Turkey, one in China and one in Brazil. The 16 reviews included 136 primary studies in total between 1988 and 2020. The overlapping of studies between reviews was found to be moderate (5.5%). The quality of reviews was low (2, 12.5%) or critically low (14, 87.5%). The estimated range of global prevalence of overall elder abuse was wide (1.1-78%), while the estimations of specific abuse prevalence ranged from 0-81.8% for neglect, 1.1-78.9% for psychological abuse, 0.7-78.3% for financial abuse, 0.1-67.7% for physical abuse, and 0-59.2% for sexual abuse. CONCLUSIONS: Although the low quality of the evidence and the heterogeneity of the phenomenon makes it hard to give precise prevalence data, it is without a question that elder abuse is a prevalent problem with a wide dispersion. The focus of attention should shift towards interventions and policymaking to prevent this form of abuse.

Impact of mediterranean diet promotion on environmental sustainability: a longitudinal analysis.

OBJECTIVE: This article aims to estimate the differences in environmental impact (greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions, land use, energy used, acidification and potential eutrophication) after one year of promoting a Mediterranean diet (MD). METHODS: Baseline and 1-year follow-up data from 5800 participants in the PREDIMED-Plus study were used. Each participant's food intake was estimated using validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaires, and the adherence to MD using the Dietary Score. The influence of diet on environmental impact was assessed through the EAT-Lancet Commission tables. The influence of diet on environmental impact was assessed through the EAT-Lancet Commission tables. The association between MD adherence and its environmental impact was calculated using adjusted multivariate linear regression models. RESULTS: After one year of intervention, the kcal/day consumed was significantly reduced (-125,1 kcal/day), adherence to a MD pattern was improved (+0,9) and the environmental impact due to the diet was significantly reduced (GHG: -361 g/CO2-eq; Acidification:-11,5 g SO2-eq; Eutrophication:-4,7 g PO4-eq; Energy use:-842,7 kJ; and Land use:-2,2 m2). Higher adherence to MD (high vs. low) was significantly associated with lower environmental impact both at baseline and one year follow-up. Meat products had the greatest environmental impact in all the factors analysed, both at baseline and at one-year follow-up, in spite of the reduction observed in their consumption. CONCLUSIONS: A program promoting a MD, after one year of intervention, significantly reduced the environmental impact in all the factors analysed. Meat products had the greatest environmental impact in all the dimensions analysed.

Association between type 2 diabetes and depressive symptoms after a 1-year follow-up in an older adult Mediterranean population.

OBJECTIVES: To examine the cross-sectional association between baseline depressive symptoms and the presence of type 2 diabetes (T2D), and its association with glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and other metabolic variables, and the prospective association of depressive symptoms and HbA1c after 1 year of follow-up. METHODS: n = 6224 Mediterranean older adults with overweight/obesity and metabolic syndrome (48% females, mean age 64.9 ± 4.9 years) were evaluated in the framework of the PREDIMED-Plus study cohort. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Beck Depression Inventory-II and HbA1c was used to measure metabolic control. RESULTS: The presence of T2D increased the likelihood of higher levels of depressive symptoms (χ2 = 15.84, p = 0.001). Polynomial contrast revealed a positive linear relationship (χ2 = 13.49, p = 0.001), the higher the depressive symptoms levels, the higher the prevalence of T2D. Longitudinal analyses showed that the higher baseline depressive symptoms levels, the higher the likelihood of being within the HbA1c ≥ 7% at 1-year level (Wald-χ2 = 24.06, df = 3, p < .001, for the full adjusted model). Additionally, depressive levels at baseline and duration of T2D predicted higher HbA1c and body mass index, and lower physical activity and adherence to Mediterranean Diet at 1 year of follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: This study supports an association between T2D and the severity of depressive symptoms, suggesting a worse metabolic control from mild severity levels in the short-medium term, influenced by lifestyle habits related to diabetes care. Screening for depressive symptoms and a multidisciplinary integrative therapeutic approach should be ensured in patients with T2D.

Interferencia de la tiroglobulina en la determinación de anticuerpos antitiroglobulina en el líquido de lavado de aguja de punción ganglionar / Thyroglobulin Interference in the Determination of Thiroglobulin Antibody in Wash-Out Fluid from Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsy of Lymph Node

La interferencia producida por los anticuerpos antitiroglobulina (aTg) en la determinación de Tiroglobulina (Tg) ha sido bien estudiada, sin embargo la interferencia que puede producir esta última sobre la determinación de los anticuerpos no está clara. Objetivo: Investigar la interferencia que la Tg puede producir sobre la determinación de los aTg en el líquido de lavado de aguja de punción ganglionar. Material y Métodos: Se estudiaron retrospectivamente las muestras provenientes de la punción de adenopatías cervicales sospechosas de 19 pacientes tiroidectomizados por Cáncer Diferenciado de Tiroides (CDT). La punción se realizó con aguja 22 G bajo guía ecográfica y luego de la preparación del extendido para el estudio citológico se procedió al lavado de la aguja con 500 µl de solución fisiológica para determinar Tg y aTg. La medición de Tg se hizo por ensayo quimioluminiscente. Los aTg se midieron utilizando dos ensayos uno no competitivo quimioluminiscente (Q) y otro competitivo electroquimioluminiscente (Eq). Se consideraron aTg negativos valores < 20 UI/ml. Se realizaron diluciones de la muestra de uno de los pacientes para el estudio de interferencia. Resultados: En todas las muestras las concentraciones de Tg mostraron valores muy elevados (rango: 15.185 -1.141.275 ng/ml). Los resultados de los aTg fueron negativos en el 100 % de las muestras cuando se midieron por el método no competitivo (Q) y francamente positivos en un rango de 106 a > 4.000 UI/ml cuando se midieron por el método competitivo (Eq), siendo estos valores proporcionales a la concentración de Tg en la muestra. Se observó una falta de linealidad cuando se realizó ensayo de dilución a muestras de concentración elevada de aTg medidas por Eq. Los aTg por Eq se negativizaron a concentraciones de Tg inferiores a 3.000 ng/ml. Los aTg medidos por Q arrojaron valores negativos en todas las diluciones. Todos estos pacientes presentaban aTg negativos en suero por Q y Eq. Conclusión: Las altas concentraciones de Tg interfieren en la medición de aTg cuando los mismos son medidos por un método competitivo. La interferencia es proporcional a las concentraciones de Tg presentes en la muestra. Se recomienda que en los líquidos de lavado de aguja de punción ganglionar los aTg sean medidos por un método no competitivo ya que no parece estar interferido por las altas concentraciones de Tg característica de los ganglios metastásicos. La detección de esta interferencia no modificó el diagnóstico ni la conducta clínica en ningún caso, sin embargo es importante conocerla con el fin de no concluir erróneamente sobre la positividad de los anticuerpos en los ganglios cuando estos son medidos por un ensayo competitivo. Rev Argent Endocrinol Metab 51:1-7, 2014 Los autores declaran no poseer conflictos de interés.

Thyroglobulin antibodies (TgAb) interference with thyroglobulin (Tg) measurements has been well studied; however, Tg interference with TgAb is unclear. Objective: To investigate how TgAb may interfere with Tg measurement in the washout fluid from lymph node fine-needle aspiration biopsy. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively studied the samples obtained by aspiration of suspicious cervical lymph nodes from 19 patients post thyroidectomy for Differentiated Thyroid Cancer (DTC). The puncture was performed with a 22 G needle under ultrasound guidance. After preparation of cytological specimens, the needle was washed with 500 ul of saline solution to determine Tg and TgAb. Tg was measured by chemilumi­nescent assay and TgAb was measured using two assays: a non-competitive chemiluminescent assay (Q) and a competitive electrochemiluminescence assay (Eq). Values of TgAb below 20 UI/ml were considered negative. Appropriate dilutions of the sample of one of the patients were performed in order to study interference. Results: In all samples tested, concentrations showed very high Tg values (range: 15.185 - 1.141.275 ng/ml). TgAb results were negative in all the samples measured by the non-competitive method. Results were clearly positive in a range of 106 to > 4.000 IU/ml when the competitive assay (Eq) was used, being proportional to Tg concentrations in the samples. A lack of linearity was observed when a dilution assay was performed in samples of high TgAb concentrations measured by Eq. When Tg concentrations were below 3.000 ng / ml, TgAb became negative when measured by Eq. TgAbs measured by Q were negative in all dilutions. TgAbs in serum were negative in all patients by the two methodologies (Q and Eq). Conclusion: High levels of Tg interfere with TgAb measurement when a competitive method is used. The interference is proportional to the concentrations of Tg. It is recommended that in the wash-out fluid from fine needle aspiration, TgAbs should be measured by a non-competitive method since there appears to be no interference from the high concentrations of Tg characteristic of metastatic nodes. The detection of this interference did not change the diagnosis or clinical management in any case; however, it is important to be aware of such interference so as not to make erroneous conclusions about the positivity of TgAbs in lymph nodes when a competitive method is used. Rev Argent Endocrinol Metab 51:1-7, 2014 No financial conflicts of interest exist.

Planificación quirúrgica digital: guía quirúrgica semi-estricta e implantes alternativos al sistema original / Digital surgical planning

La tecnología digital presente,no tan sólo en nuestras dinámicas profesionales, sino que en todos los ámbitos de la vida contemporánea, interconectada y globalizada. No siendo la odontología una excepción a este respecto. El objetivo del presente artículo es describir aspectos generales de un sistema de planificaciónquirúrgica digital 3D (NobelGuideTM deNobelBiocareTM) para la colocación de implantes dentales alternativos al sistema original (Implantes SPITM yARRCTM de Alpha Bío TecTM, Israel) con utilización de Guía Quirúrgica bajo un concepto semi estricto en un casoclínico cuya complejidad anatómica hizo de este sistema una opción confiable, rápida, económica, de mínimo traumaquirúrgico y que forma parte de un proyecto que busca validar una alternativa segura y, eventualmente, masificable en el contexto de nuestra realidad asistencial latinoamericana.

Melanoma de la mucosa oral: análisis clínico patológico / Melanoma of oral mucosa: pathologic clinical analysis

De los archivos del IREPO comprendido entre 1976 y 1998 se escogieron aquellos casos diagnosticados clínica e histológicamente como MO. Los resultados indicaron una relación hombre-Mujer de 1: 1,18, el rango de edad comprendió entre los 25 y 85 años con un promedio de 63,4 años. La mayor prevalencia se presentó entre la sexta y séptima década. Su ubicación oral más frecuente corresponde a mucosas queratinizadas como el paladar duro (43 por ciento) seguido por la encía alveolar superior (24 por ciento). Clínicamente predominaron lesiones con superficie solevantada (80 por ciento), de límites netos (54 por ciento), de consistencia firme (79 por ciento), de color negro (35 por ciento) e indoloros (80 por ciento). El tipo histológico predominate correspondió al M. nodular (52 por ciento) seguido por melanoma in situ (19 por ciento). La sobrevida fue de un 67 por ciento en el primer año luego de efectuado el diagnóstico, la cual disminuye a un 17 por ciento a los dos años. En el tercer año fue de sólo un 9 por ciento sin variación entre géneros

Serum levels of prolactin and alpha-melanotrophin and structure of the ovary during the reproductive cycle of Columba livia (domestic pigeon)

Given the importance of the hormones prolactin and alpha-melanotrophin in the regulation of the mammalian reproductive cycle, it was decided to assess their serum levels during the reproductive cycle of Columba livia (domestic pigeon). Female pigeons were utilized in the stages of egg-laying, incubation and rearing. Simultaneously, the structural changes of the ovary in the aforementioned periods were studied. The levels of prolactin and alpha-melanotrophin showed similar behaviour. The low concentrations found in the period of egg-laying (x +/- s = 4.3 +/- 0.6; 3.5 +/- 0.26 ng/ml) increased significantly during incubation (x +/- s = 6.5 +/- 0.7 ng/ml; 6.6 +/- 1.7 ng/ml) to reach the maximum value in the rearing period (x +/- s = 10.33 +/- 1.8 ng/ml; 13.6 +/- 1.9 ng/ml). Accompanying these changes a marked predominance of the medullary zone over the cortex and lack of developing follicles were found in the rearing state.