RESUMEN
The rapidly increasing burden of hypertension is responsible for premature deaths from cardiovascular disease (CVD), renal disease, and stroke, with a tremendous public health and financial burden. Hypertension detection, treatment, and control vary worldwide; it is still low, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). High blood pressure (BP) and CVD risk have a strong, linear, and independent association. They contribute to alarming numbers of all-cause and CVD deaths. A major culprit for increased hypertension is sympathetic activity, and further complications of hypertension are heart failure, ischemic heart disease (IHD), stroke, and renal failure. Now, antihypertensive interventions have emerged as a global public health priority to reduce BP-related morbidity and mortality. Calcium channel blockers (CCB) are highly effective vasodilators. and the most common drugs used for managing hypertension and CVD. Cilnidipine, with both L- and N-type calcium channel blocking activity, is a promising 4th generation CCB. It causes vasodilation via L-type calcium channel blockade and inhibits the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) via N-type calcium channel blockade. Cilnidipine, which acts as a dual L/N-type CCB, is linked to a reduced occurrence of pedal edema compared to amlodipine, which solely blocks L-type calcium channels. The antihypertensive properties of cilnidipine are very substantial, with low BP variability and long-acting properties. It is beneficial for hypertensive patients to deal with morning hypertension and for patients with abnormal nocturnal BP due to exaggerated sympathetic nerve activation. Besides its BP-lowering effect, it also exhibits organ protection via sympathetic nerve inhibition and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibition; it controls heart rate and proteinuria. Reno-protective, neuroprotective, and cardioprotective effects of cilnidipine have been well-documented and demonstrated.
Asunto(s)
Bloqueadores de los Canales de Calcio , Dihidropiridinas , Hipertensión , Humanos , Hipertensión/tratamiento farmacológico , Bloqueadores de los Canales de Calcio/uso terapéutico , Dihidropiridinas/uso terapéutico , India/epidemiología , Antihipertensivos/uso terapéutico , Consenso , ComorbilidadRESUMEN
;Heart failure (HF) is a huge global public health task due to morbidity, mortality, disturbed quality of life, and major economic burden. It is an area of active research and newer treatment strategies are evolving. Recently angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitor (ARNI), a class of drugs (the first agent in this class, Sacubitril-Valsartan), reduces cardiovascular mortality and morbidity in chronic HF patients with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). Positive therapeutic effects have led to a decrease in cardiovascular mortality and HF hospitalizations (HFH), with a favorable safety profile, and have been documented in several clinical studies with an unquestionable survival benefit with ARNI, Sacubitril-Valsartan. This consensus statement of the Indian group of experts in cardiology, nephrology, and diabetes provides a comprehensive review of the power and promise of ARNI in HF management and an evidence-based appraisal of the use of ARNI as an essential treatment strategy for HF patients in clinical practice. Consensus in this review favors an early utility of Sacubitril-Valsartan in patients with HF with reduced EF (HFrEF), regardless of the previous therapy being given. A lower rate of hospitalizations for HF with Sacubitril-Valsartan in HF patients with preserved EF who are phenotypically heterogeneous suggests possible benefits of ARNI in patients having 40-50% of LVEF, frequent subtle systolic dysfunction, and higher hospitalization risk.
Asunto(s)
Insuficiencia Cardíaca , Humanos , Insuficiencia Cardíaca/tratamiento farmacológico , Neprilisina/farmacología , Volumen Sistólico/fisiología , Tetrazoles/uso terapéutico , Tetrazoles/farmacología , Calidad de Vida , Función Ventricular Izquierda , Antagonistas de Receptores de Angiotensina/uso terapéutico , Antagonistas de Receptores de Angiotensina/farmacología , Resultado del Tratamiento , Antihipertensivos/uso terapéutico , Combinación de MedicamentosRESUMEN
Iron deficiency (ID) with or without anemia is frequently observed in patients with heart failure (HF). Uncorrected ID is associated with higher hospitalization and mortality in patients with acute HF (AHF) and chronic HF (CHF). Hence, in addition to chronic renal insufficiency, anemia, and diabetes, ID appears as a novel comorbidity and a treatment target of CHF. Intravenous (IV) ferric carboxymaltose (FCM) reduces the hospitalization risk due to HF worsening and improves functional capacity and quality of life (QOL) in HF patients. The current consensus document provides criteria, an expert opinion on the diagnosis of ID in HF, patient profiles for IV FCM, and correct administration and monitoring of such patients.
Asunto(s)
Anemia Ferropénica , Insuficiencia Cardíaca , Deficiencias de Hierro , Humanos , Anemia Ferropénica/etiología , Anemia Ferropénica/complicaciones , Calidad de Vida , Hierro/uso terapéutico , Insuficiencia Cardíaca/complicaciones , Insuficiencia Cardíaca/tratamiento farmacológicoRESUMEN
Adverse cardiac remodeling refers to progressive structural and functional modifications in the heart because of increased wall stress in the myocardium, loss of viable myocardium, and neurohormonal stimulation. The guideline-directed medical therapy for Heart failure (HF) includes Angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitor (ARNI) (sacubitril/valsartan), ß-blockers, sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, and mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRA). ARNI is under-prescribed in India despite its attractive safety and efficacy profile. Therefore, the consensus discusses objectives and topics related to ARNI in the management of cardiac remodeling, and experts shared their views on the early timely intervention of effective dosage of ARNI to improve the diagnosis and enhance mortality and morbidity benefits in cardiac reverse remodeling (CRR).
Asunto(s)
Insuficiencia Cardíaca , Neprilisina , Humanos , Neprilisina/farmacología , Remodelación Ventricular , Tetrazoles/farmacología , Resultado del Tratamiento , Antagonistas de Receptores de Angiotensina/uso terapéutico , Volumen Sistólico , Insuficiencia Cardíaca/tratamiento farmacológico , Insuficiencia Cardíaca/diagnóstico , AntihipertensivosRESUMEN
The aim of this study was to assess the quality of life (QOL) and the severity of depression in people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) and investigate its correlates. This was a cross-sectional study on 700 PLWHA in India. World Health Organization QOL HIV (WHOQOL HIV-BREF) and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) were used to assess QOL and depression in PLWHA, respectively. The study population was divided into five groups on the basis of Cluster of Differentiation 4 (CD4) count as follows: Group A [< 50 cells/µL], Group B [50-199 cells/µL], Group C [200-349 cells/µL], Group D [350-499 cells/µL], and Group E [>500 cells/µL]. The lowest mean scores were noted under Group A [< 50 cells/µL] in physical and psychological domains and the highest mean scores were noted under Group E [> 500 cells/µL] in physical and environment domains. PHQ9 scores negatively correlated with QOL domains and the correlation was statistically significant (p < 0.001) with the highest negative correlation was found in relation to the psychological domain (r = -0.739). The PHQ9 score in those who do not have opportunistic illnesses (7.23 ± 6.14) was lower in comparison to those who had opportunistic illnesses (9.81 ± 6.40) and the difference was statistically significant (p < 0.001). We observed that there was almost a chronological increase in the individual QOL domain score and a decrease in the PHQ9 score with an increase in CD4 count. Our result supports the implementation of routine screening for depression in antiretroviral therapy centers and multidisciplinary interventions to improve outcomes among depressed PLWHA.
Asunto(s)
Infecciones por VIH , Calidad de Vida , Estudios Transversales , Depresión/epidemiología , Depresión/etiología , Infecciones por VIH/complicaciones , Infecciones por VIH/epidemiología , Humanos , India/epidemiología , Encuestas y CuestionariosRESUMEN
An echocardiographic investigation is one of the key modalities of diagnosis in cardiology. There has been a rising presence of cardiological comorbidities in patients positive for COVID-19. Hence, it is becoming extremely essential to look into the correct safety precautions, healthcare professionals must take while conducting an echo investigation. The decision matrix formulated for conducting an echocardiographic evaluation is based on presence or absence of cardiological comorbidity vis-à-vis positive, suspected or negative for COVID-19. The safety measures have been constructed keeping in mind the current safety precautions by WHO, CDC and MoHFW, India.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/diagnóstico por imagen , Infecciones por Coronavirus/prevención & control , Infección Hospitalaria/prevención & control , Ecocardiografía/métodos , Pandemias/prevención & control , Seguridad del Paciente , Neumonía Viral/prevención & control , COVID-19 , Cardiología , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/epidemiología , Infecciones por Coronavirus/epidemiología , Femenino , Humanos , India , Control de Infecciones/métodos , Masculino , Pandemias/estadística & datos numéricos , Neumonía Viral/epidemiología , Guías de Práctica Clínica como Asunto , Síndrome Respiratorio Agudo Grave/epidemiología , Síndrome Respiratorio Agudo Grave/prevención & control , Sociedades MédicasRESUMEN
The unprecedented and rapidly spreading Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic has challenged public health care systems globally. Based on worldwide experience, India has initiated a nationwide lockdown to prevent the exponential surge of cases. During COVID-19, management of cardiovascular emergencies like acute Myocardial Infarction (MI) may be compromised. Cardiological Society of India (CSI) has ventured in this moment of crisis to evolve a consensus document for care of acute MI. However, this care should be individualized, based on local expertise and governmental advisories.
Asunto(s)
Control de Enfermedades Transmisibles/organización & administración , Infecciones por Coronavirus/prevención & control , Infarto del Miocardio/terapia , Evaluación de Resultado en la Atención de Salud , Pandemias/prevención & control , Neumonía Viral/prevención & control , Guías de Práctica Clínica como Asunto/normas , COVID-19 , Cardiología , Infecciones por Coronavirus/epidemiología , Manejo de la Enfermedad , Femenino , Humanos , India , Masculino , Infarto del Miocardio/diagnóstico , Pandemias/estadística & datos numéricos , Selección de Paciente , Neumonía Viral/epidemiología , Sociedades Médicas/organización & administración , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Conventional risk factors for stroke that have been identified are mostly chronic diseases that explain much of the variation as to who develops stroke. However, these risk factors do not equip us with the means to predict when an event like stroke will occur. It has been observed that acute events like stroke and coronary heart disease are preceded by episodes of acute stress. The present study was undertaken to determine whether acute psychological stress is a potential triggering factor for the occurrence of stroke. METHODS: In accordance with the case-crossover study design, patients or Legally Authorized Representative (LAR) were asked to report psychological stress during the two-hour hazard period before the event and during the control period, which was the same 2-hour time period the day before the event. Conditional logistic regression was used to compare each person's exposure during the hazard period to their exposure during the control period. RESULTS: A total of 151 stroke patients were interviewed. Acute psychological stress was associated with transient increased odds of stroke in the subsequent 2 hours that was 3.4 times higher than the odds during periods with no exposure to these triggers (95% confidence interval 1.55-7.50). CONCLUSIONS: Acute psychological stress is a potential independent triggering factor for the occurrence of stroke. Further confirmatory studies are required to help corroborate these findings and elucidate the mechanisms underlying this short-term increase in risk.
Asunto(s)
Estrés Psicológico/complicaciones , Accidente Cerebrovascular/etiología , Enfermedad Aguda , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Medición de Riesgo , Factores de Riesgo , Estrés Psicológico/diagnóstico , Estrés Psicológico/psicología , Accidente Cerebrovascular/diagnóstico , Accidente Cerebrovascular/psicología , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: This real-world, observational, prescription event monitoring study was conducted to evaluate safety and efficacy of indigenous tenecteplase (TNK-tPA) in Indian patients presenting with ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). METHODS: This is a multi-centric, observational, prescription event monitoring study. Data was collected for 7,668 patients from 1,307 investigator sites across India from January 2011 to February 2016. RESULTS: Overall, 76.71% patients were hypertensive, 47.97% patients were diabetic, 42.01% had dyslipidemia, 24.35% had ischemic heart disease and 40.82% patients were smokers. The overall rate for achieving clinically successful thrombolysis by TNK was 93.34%. Delayed administration of tenecteplase yielded lower success rate (84.66%) as against those patients who received tenecteplase within 3 hours of symptoms (94.34%). 93.2% patients had chest pain resolution after pharmacological fibrinolysis. Overall 91.1% patients had 50% resolution of ST elevation at 90 minutes and mean time for 50% ST resolution was 72.06 minutes. Overall 53 patients died (mortality of 0.69%) before discharge. The incidence of bleeding (excluding stroke) was 1.77%, any stroke without ICH was 0.18% and any ICH was 0.38%. CONCLUSION: The findings of this study further reinforce the safety and efficacy of indigenous TNK-tPA in Indian patients presenting with STEMI, including high-risk sub-groups. The study also highlights the importance of early reperfusion therapy.
Asunto(s)
Fibrinolíticos/uso terapéutico , Reperfusión Miocárdica , Infarto del Miocardio con Elevación del ST/tratamiento farmacológico , Terapia Trombolítica , Activador de Tejido Plasminógeno/uso terapéutico , Femenino , Humanos , India/epidemiología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Infarto del Miocardio con Elevación del ST/epidemiología , Tenecteplasa , Tiempo de TratamientoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To study the efficacy and safety of single intravenous bolus administration of indigenously developed tenecteplase (TNK-tPA) in the management of patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) in clinical practice. METHODS: Observational, prescription-event monitoring study. RESULTS: Data of 15,222 patients who had STEMI and received weight adjusted TNK injection was analyzed. Overall 95.43% patients had clinically successful thrombolysis (CST). In the different subgroups, hypertensives, diabetics, smokers and hyperlipidemic patients had CST rates comparable to the general patient data. CST rates were significantly lower in the elderly patients (>70 years; 92.11%; p < 0.0001), in patients with history of Ischemic Heart Disease (IHD, 93.86%; p = 0.0004) and in patients receiving delayed treatment (>6 h after onset of chest pain; 85.38%; p < 0.0001). CST was significantly higher in patients who received an early thrombolysis (<3 h after onset of chest pain; 96.54%; p = 0.006). Overall mortality was 1.69%, while it was significantly higher in the elderly (4.42%), patients with history of IHD (2.67%), females (2.93%) and in those who received delayed treatment (4.98%). The overall incidences of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH), bleeding excluding ICH, stroke and ventricular tachyarrhythmia were 0.39%, 2.01%, 0.16% and 2.35% respectively. Age >70 years, diabetes, hyperlipidemia and history of IHD were associated with a higher incidence of heart failure, myocardial re-infarction or ventricular tachyarrhythmias. However, incidence of ICH and bleeding other than ICH was comparable amongst all patient subgroups. CONCLUSION: This study confirms the safety and efficacy of indigenous tenecteplase in Indian patients with STEMI, including high risk subgroups. It also highlights the fact that delayed treatment denotes denial of benefits of pharmacologic reperfusion therapy.
Asunto(s)
Fibrinolíticos/uso terapéutico , Infarto del Miocardio/tratamiento farmacológico , Activador de Tejido Plasminógeno/uso terapéutico , Anciano , Comorbilidad , Femenino , Humanos , Incidencia , India/epidemiología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Infarto del Miocardio/epidemiología , Sistema de Registros , Tenecteplasa , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To study the efficacy and safety of single intravenous bolus administration of indigenously developed tenecteplase in the management of patients presenting with ST-elevation myocardial infarction in clinical practice. METHODS: Post-licensure, observational, prescription-event monitoring study. RESULTS: Data of 6000 patients who had ST-elevation myocardial infarction and received weight-adjusted tenecteplase injection was analyzed. Overall 90.93% patients had clinically successful thrombolysis, with highest success rate (93.2%) in patients treated within 3 hours. Overall mortality was 3.23%. The elderly (< or = 65 yrs; 24.58%) and diabetics (38.2%) had clinically successful thrombolysis of 87.73% and 90.49% respectively. Female patients (16.38%) had success rates comparable to males but with higher (6.41%) mortality. The overall incidences of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH), severe bleeding, stroke and ventricular tachyarrhythmia were 0.62%, 3.18%, 0.12% and 3.07% respectively and were not significantly different in females, diabetics and elderly patients. Delay in treatment beyond 6 hours was associated with increased incidence of heart failure, ventricular tachyarrhythmia and mortality. CONCLUSION: This study confirms the efficacy and safety of indigenous tenecteplase in the management of patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction.
Asunto(s)
Electrocardiografía , Infarto del Miocardio/tratamiento farmacológico , Sistema de Registros , Activador de Tejido Plasminógeno/uso terapéutico , Anciano , Femenino , Fibrinolíticos/administración & dosificación , Fibrinolíticos/uso terapéutico , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , India/epidemiología , Inyecciones Intravenosas , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Infarto del Miocardio/mortalidad , Infarto del Miocardio/fisiopatología , Estudios Retrospectivos , Tasa de Supervivencia/tendencias , Tenecteplasa , Activador de Tejido Plasminógeno/administración & dosificación , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
Mass lesions within the heart are often encountered during routine echocardiography. The nature of such masses can generally be suspected depending upon clinical setting. During 13 years of our experience in echo lab, we came across 14 patients with large intracardiac masses (some of them, rare type). Clinical features, echocardiographic findings and histopathological confirmation which was possible in majority of them, are described. Five of our patients had cardiac tumour (myxoma), four had large intracavitary thrombus, while pieces from two patients were demonstrated to have large vegetations and hydatid cyst(s). One patient, suspected to have vegetation on mitral valve, turned out to have thick myxomatous tissue deposits on histopathology. Two-dimensional echocardiographic features of intracardiac mass lesion are generally dependable in deciding nature of such lesions. However, very large thrombus and vegetation mimicking cardiac tumour are rarely encountered.
Asunto(s)
Cardiopatías/diagnóstico por imagen , Adulto , Equinococosis/diagnóstico por imagen , Femenino , Neoplasias Cardíacas/diagnóstico por imagen , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Mixoma/diagnóstico por imagen , Trombosis/diagnóstico por imagen , UltrasonografíaRESUMEN
Profile of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in young patients (below 40 years) was studied in a rural/semi-urban population. Out of the total 338 patients who were admitted to ICCU over a period of one year, 65 (19.2%) were aged 40 years or below (Range 14-40 years). Male:female ratio was 20:1. Majority of these young patients were thinly built, engaged in heavy physical work and belonged to lower socio-economic group. Smoking was the most common risk factor (87%); other risk factors were few. Majority of these young patients ignored chest pain and reported late to the hospital. However, despite this, incidence of complications/mortality was less in comparison to their older counterparts. The overall mortality was only 6% as compared to 21% in older age group. The study focuses our attention to the rising incidence of AMI in young individuals even in populations least prone to ischaemic heart disease. Smoking was the only modifiable risk factor which needs to be curbed with full force.
Asunto(s)
Edad de Inicio , Infarto del Miocardio/epidemiología , Adolescente , Adulto , Distribución por Edad , Femenino , Encuestas Epidemiológicas , Humanos , Incidencia , India/epidemiología , Masculino , Infarto del Miocardio/diagnóstico , Factores de Riesgo , Distribución por Sexo , Factores Socioeconómicos , Tasa de SupervivenciaRESUMEN
Variable incidences of cardiac arrhythmias (based on isolated 12 lead ECG records) have been reported in patients of aluminium phosphide (ALP) poisoning. We did continuous holter and cardioscopic monitoring in ICU in 30 patients of acute ALP poisoning. Supraventricular and ventricular ectopics were recorded in each and every patient. Life threatening ventricular tachycardia was recorded in 40% cases and ventricular fibrillation in 23.3% cases. Supraventricular tachycardia and atrial flutter/fibrillation occurred in 46.7% and 20% patients, respectively. ST-T changes simulating myocardial ischaemia were also present in all patients (S-T depression in 90%, S-T elevation in 10%). One-third of the patients developed variable degrees of heart block, IV amiodarone/xylocard could revert dangerous ventricular arrhythmias to sinus rhythm in 4 cases. Toxic myocarditis produced by phosphine seems to be responsible for the development of these arrhythmias.
Asunto(s)
Compuestos de Aluminio/envenenamiento , Arritmias Cardíacas/inducido químicamente , Electrocardiografía Ambulatoria , Plaguicidas/envenenamiento , Fosfinas/envenenamiento , Adolescente , Adulto , Arritmias Cardíacas/diagnóstico , Endoscopía , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Intento de SuicidioRESUMEN
A 30 year old female admitted for evaluation of left chest pain was suspected to have multiple cardiac hydatid cysts. The diagnosis was established by cross sectional echocardiography and computed tomography, supported by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for echinococcosis. Medical therapy altered the echopattern of the cysts but failed to reduce cystic masses. Surgery was advocated but refused by the patient.