Association between sleep patterns and alcohol use disorders in workers.

Alcohol use among workers that is intended to aid sleep may lead to alcohol use disorders. This study aimed to explore the association between sleep patterns and alcohol use disorders in workers. Data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey conducted in 2014, 2016, 2018, and 2020 were used for this study. We included only workers aged 19 years and older. The final analysis comprised 11,972 respondents (6,472 male and 5,500 female). Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the relationship between sleep patterns and alcohol use disorders. Workers with poor sleep patterns were more likely to develop alcohol use disorders compared to those with good sleep patterns (male: adjusted odds ratio [OR] 1.22, 95% confidence interval 1.07-1.39; female: adjusted OR 1.21, 95% CI 1.03-1.41). Workers with both poor sleep quality and less than seven hours of sleep had the highest odds of alcohol use disorders in both male (adjusted OR 1.73, 95% CI 1.38-2.17) and female (adjusted OR 1.44, 95% CI 1.13-1.84). Poor sleep patterns were associated with alcohol use disorders in male who work night shift (OR: 1.74, 95% CI: 1.25-2.42) and in female who worked more than 52 hours per week (adjusted OR: 1.71, 95% CI: 1.04-2.80). Customized sleep management programs should be provided to workers in sleep-deprived working environments to prevent them from developing alcohol use disorders.

From Wide-Bandgap to Narrow-Bandgap Perovskite: Applications from Single-Junction to Tandem Optoelectronics.

As perovskite solar device is burgeoning photoelectronic device, numerous studies to optimize perovskite solar device have been demonstrated. Amongst various advantages from perovskite light absorbing layer, attractive property of tunable bandgap allowed perovskite to be adopted in many different fields. Easily tunable bandgap property of perovskite opened the wide application and to get the most out of its potential, many researchers contributed as well. By precursor composition engineering, narrow bandgap with bandgap of less than 1.4 eV and wide bandgap with bandgap of more than 1.7 eV were achieved. Optimization of both narrow and wide bandgap perovskite solar cell could pave the way to all-perovskite tandem solar cell which is combination of top cell with wide bandgap and bottom cell with narrow bandgap. This review highlights numerous efforts to advance device performance of both narrow and wide bandgap perovskite solar cell and how they challenged the issues. And finally, efforts to operate and utilize all-tandem perovskite device in real world will be discussed.

Effects of work environments on satisfaction of nurses working for integrated care system in South Korea: a multisite cross-sectional investigation.

BACKGROUND: Nurses' satisfaction has an impact on organizational and patient outcomes. Integrated care system in South Korea was established in 2015 to improve care quality and decrease caregiving burden. Since then, nurses' satisfaction has increased due to an increase in nursing staffing. However, besides nurse staffing, various work environments still affect nurse satisfaction. METHODS: Individual online surveys were conducted with participants to determine their personal characteristics, work environments, and hospital characteristics. We used mixed-effects linear regression equation contained both fixed and random effects. RESULTS: This study included 2,913 nurses from 119 hospitals. Their average job satisfaction was less than 6 points out of 10 points. Age, shift type, perceived workload, and delegation criteria were significant factors influencing nurses' satisfaction. There was no significant factor among hospital characteristics. The satisfaction level of nurses was high for no-night rotating shift, low perceived workload, and clear delegation criteria. CONCLUSIONS: Nurses' satisfaction is affected by several work environmental factors. Low nurse satisfaction has a substantial impact on both patients and nurses. Therefore, nurse managers and hospitals should determine factors influencing their satisfaction and develop strategies to improve their satisfaction.

Development of a Risk Prediction Model for Adverse Skin Events Associated with TNF-α Inhibitors in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients.

Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disorder primarily targeting joints, significantly impacting patients' quality of life. The introduction of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) inhibitors has markedly improved RA management by reducing inflammation. However, these medications are associated with adverse skin reactions, which can vary greatly among patients due to genetic differences. Objectives: This study aimed to identify risk factors associated with skin adverse events by TNF-α in RA patients. Methods: A cohort study was conducted, encompassing patients with RA who were prescribed TNF-α inhibitors. This study utilized machine learning algorithms to analyze genetic data and identify markers associated with skin-related adverse events. Various machine learning algorithms were employed to predict skin and subcutaneous tissue-related outcomes, leading to the development of a risk-scoring system. Multivariable logistic regression analysis identified independent risk factors for skin and subcutaneous tissue-related complications. Results: After adjusting for covariates, individuals with the TT genotype of rs12551103, A allele carriers of rs13265933, and C allele carriers of rs73210737 exhibited approximately 20-, 14-, and 10-fold higher incidences of skin adverse events, respectively, compared to those with the C allele, GG genotype, and TT genotype. The machine learning algorithms used for risk prediction showed excellent performance. The risk of skin adverse events among patients receiving TNF-α inhibitors varied based on the risk score: 0 points, 0.6%; 2 points, 3.6%; 3 points, 8.5%; 4 points, 18.9%; 5 points, 36.7%; 6 points, 59.2%; 8 points, 90.0%; 9 points, 95.7%; and 10 points, 98.2%. Conclusions: These findings, emerging from this preliminary study, lay the groundwork for personalized intervention strategies to prevent TNF-α inhibitor-associated skin adverse events. This approach has the potential to improve patient outcomes by minimizing the risk of adverse effects while optimizing therapeutic efficacy.

Association between watching eating broadcasts like mukbang and cookbang and generalized anxiety disorder among Korean adolescents.

BACKGROUND: Anxiety disorders are common during adolescence; therefore, detecting anxiety disorders among adolescents and providing appropriate treatment are crucial. Studies have suggested that watching online audiovisual broadcasts like mukbang and cookbang (hereafter mukbang), where hosts eat or cook food, may influence anxiety disorders. However, there is insufficient research on the association between watching mukbang and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). Therefore, we investigated the association between watching mukbang and GAD among Korean adolescents. METHODS: We analyzed 51,764 adolescents who participated in the 2020 Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-Based Survey (KYRBS). The participants were asked how frequently they watched mukbang per week over the past 12 months. Anxiety disorders were assessed using the generalized anxiety disorder-7 (GAD-7) questionnaire. A multiple logistic regression analysis was performed after adjusting for confounding variables. RESULTS: The prevalence of GAD was higher among adolescents who watched mukbang compared to those who did not (aOR: 1.100, 95% CI: 1.026-1.180, P = 0.008 in male participants; aOR: 1.090, 95% CI: 1.003-1.185, P = 0.042 in female participants). The frequency of watching mukbang showed a dose-dependent relationship with a greater likelihood of GAD in female adolescents. CONCLUSION: This study's results showed that watching mukbang is associated with GAD in Korean adolescents. Proper interventions for mental health are needed for adolescents who watch mukbang.

Association of sleep and generalized anxiety disorder in Korean adolescents.

BACKGROUND: Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is a common anxiety disorder among adolescents, significantly impacting their concentration and learning capabilities. The connection between emotional well-being and sleep is well-established, and Korean adolescents are particularly prone to inadequate sleep. This study aimed to determine the association between sleep duration and GAD in Korean adolescents. METHODS: This study was conducted using data from 106,513 adolescents aged 12-18 years. Data from the 2020-2022 Korea Youth Risk Behavior Survey were used. Sleep duration was classified into five groups, based on an average sleep duration of 7-7.9 h in adolescents. Social jet lag was defined as a misalignment between an individual's biological and social clocks. Differences in sleep duration between weekdays and weekends, social jet lag, and bedtime were each classified into three categories. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the association between sleep duration and GAD. RESULTS: Comparing the five groups classified based on sleep duration, adolescents in the groups that slept less experienced a significant increase in the odds of developing GAD (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: boys: 1.10 in the 6.0-6.9-h group, 1.14 in the 5.0-5.9-h group, and 1.23 in the ≤ 4.9-h group; girls: 1.05 in the 6.0-6.9-h group, 1.19 in the 5.0-5.9-h group, 1.22 in the ≤ 4.9-h group). Adolescents with poor sleep quality experienced more frequent instances of inadequate sleep (aOR: boys: 2.51; girls: 2.43). CONCLUSIONS: GAD is strongly associated with insufficient sleep. Consequently, it is imperative to assess and address GAD in adolescents with irregular sleep patterns.

Understanding patient perspectives on digital therapeutics and its platform for insomnia: insights from focused group interviews.

BACKGROUND: Digital therapeutics (DTx) is a treatment option that uses computer software to provide evidence-based interventions for medical disorders. DTx platforms are digital services that facilitate interactions among stakeholders of DTx treatment within a standardized structure. However, there is still a lack of overall awareness regarding the effectiveness and usage of DTx and DTx platforms. This study aimed to investigate insomnia patients' recognition, thoughts, feelings, and demands for conventional treatments versus DTx for insomnia. METHODS: Nine participants, aged 19-50 years, who had experience with professional medical interventions for insomnia, were recruited through purposive sampling. Two online focus group interviews, each lasting 1.5 h, were conducted. The interview questions focused on difficulties encountered during conventional treatment, inadequate recognition of DTx, and concerns and demands regarding DTx and its platform. The data were analyzed using thematic analysis. RESULTS: The participants reported subjective difficulties associated with receiving conventional treatment, including concerns about drug side effects and dependence, social stigma, and lack of perceived necessity for treatment. They expressed concerns about DTx, such as cost-effectiveness, evidence on efficacy, and concerns about breach of personal information. Additionally, their demands included convenience of use, reduction in social stigma related to the use of DTx, compatibility of DTx with other healthcare systems, and enhanced communication with healthcare providers when using DTx platforms. CONCLUSIONS: The focus group highlighted the need for increased awareness, demonstrated efficacy, cost-effectiveness, cybersecurity measures, and accessibility of insomnia DTx and its platforms. Tailored approaches considering patient characteristics are crucial for widespread adoption of insomnia DTx and its platforms.

Association between Physical Activity and Phase Angle Obtained via Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis in South Korean Adults Stratified by Sex.

This cross-sectional study aimed to examine the association of various aspects of physical activity, including intensity, duration, type, and purpose, with the phase angle (PhA), an objective indicator of health, in Korean adults after stratification by sex. Data from the 2022 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, a nationwide, representative, population-based survey, were used. In total, 3996 participants were included in the study. Participants self-reported their weekly intensity, frequency, duration of engagement in physical activity. PhA was categorized into two groups on the basis of sex-specific averages. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the relationship between physical activity and PhA, and proportional odds logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the association between physical activity and different subclasses of PhA. A positive association was found between sufficiently active aerobic physical activity and PhA compared with inactive physical activity (sufficiently active, male: odds ratio = 1.952, 95% confidence interval = 1.373-2.776; female: odds ratio = 1.333, 95% confidence interval = 1.019-1.745). This association was further strengthened when aerobic physical activity was accompanied by muscle-strengthening activity (sufficiently active with muscle-strengthening activity, male: aOR = 2.318, 95% CI = 1.512-3.554; female: aOR = 1.762, 95% CI = 1.215-2.556) and vigorous-intensity activities (sufficiently active with sufficient vigorous-intensity activity, male: aOR = 2.785, 95% CI = 1.647-4.709; female: aOR = 2.505, 95% CI = 1.441-4.356) and when there was more leisure-time physical activity than occupational physical activity (sufficiently active with more leisure-time physical activity, male: aOR = 2.158, 95% CI = 1.483-3.140; female: aOR = 1.457, 95% CI = 1.078-1.969). Furthermore, the inclusion of muscle-strengthening activity made a significant difference in the values of PhA for males with insufficiently active physical activity (aOR = 2.679, 95% CI = 1.560-4.602). For females with highly active physical activity (aOR = 1.521, 95% CI = 1.068-2.166), the inclusion of muscle-strengthening and vigorous-intensity activities were significantly associated with higher values for PhA. This study can be utilized to provide specific suggestions for better health programs and can change perception that only occupational physical activity is enough. This study also indicated that PhA can be used for personalized health assessments.

Economic evaluation of the hospitalist care model in an acute medical unit: a benefit-cost analysis.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to assess the economic efficiency of the acute medical unit (AMU) hospitalist care model, utilising patient outcomes (length of hospital stay, emergency department (ED)-length of hospital stay, in-hospital mortality) from a previous investigation. DESIGN: A retrospective cohort study was conducted using benefit-cost analysis from a societal perspective. Data relating to clinical factors, outcomes and medical costs were obtained from the electronic medical record database at our institution. Literature-based costing was applied to determine direct non-medical costs and indirect costs that could not be obtained directly. SETTING: A tertiary care hospital in the Republic of Korea. PARTICIPANTS: We evaluated 6391 medical inpatients admitted through the ED from 1 June 2016 to 31 May 2017. INTERVENTIONS: The study compared multiple types of costs and benefits among inpatients from the ED between a non-hospitalist group and an AMU hospitalist group. Results This investigation found a significant reduction in medical costs and total costs in the AMU hospitalist group compared to the non-hospitalist group (30% reduction, 95% CI: 27.6-32.1%, P=0.000; 29.3% reduction, 95% CI: 27.0-31.5%, P=0.000; respectively). Furthermore, significant reductions in direct and indirect costs were found in the AMU hospitalist group compared to the non-hospitalist group (28.6% reduction, 95% CI: 26.6-30.5%, P=0.000; 23.3% reduction, 95% CI: 20.9-25.5%, P=0.000; respectively). The net-benefit and benefit-cost ratio (BCR) of the AMU hospitalist care group were US $6846 and 1.33 per patient admission, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The AMU hospitalist care model was associated with remarkable reductions in multiple costs. The results of the sensitivity analysis indicated that the net-benefit estimates of AMU hospitalist care were similar to the baseline estimates. Thus, the overall net-benefit of AMU hospitalist care was found to be largely positive.

Midwifery practice in Mongolia: Policy implications for accelerating care delivery transformation.

Midwives can play a significant role in reducing maternal and neonatal mortality rates as well as in improving maternal and perinatal health outcomes in low- and middle-income countries such as Mongolia. However, the shortage of midwives in Mongolia is severe. Despite the evidence indicating numerous challenges associated with substandard midwifery education and practice in Mongolia, there is a need for policy recommendations to accelerate the improvement of midwifery care delivery in the country. Therefore, we identified three main topics as key issues in Mongolian midwifery care: 1) the current training and service delivery in midwifery; 2) the potential for the development of the midwifery role; and 3) content requirements for the postgraduate certificate in midwifery. The World Health Organization report made forty recommendations to enhance the midwife's role to professional status. However, the absence of senior nursing/midwifery leadership in the Ministry of Health in Mongolia has hindered the implementation of the recommendations. To strengthen midwifery at a national level, it is imperative to make multilevel investments in supporting educators and clinical practitioners to ensure the delivery of high-quality midwifery care. This article represents an initial in-depth exploration of issues in Mongolian midwifery practice, with the aim of providing suggestions for practical avenues for enhancing midwifery care in Mongolia.

Connecto-informatics at the mesoscale: current advances in image processing and analysis for mapping the brain connectivity.

Mapping neural connections within the brain has been a fundamental goal in neuroscience to understand better its functions and changes that follow aging and diseases. Developments in imaging technology, such as microscopy and labeling tools, have allowed researchers to visualize this connectivity through high-resolution brain-wide imaging. With this, image processing and analysis have become more crucial. However, despite the wealth of neural images generated, access to an integrated image processing and analysis pipeline to process these data is challenging due to scattered information on available tools and methods. To map the neural connections, registration to atlases and feature extraction through segmentation and signal detection are necessary. In this review, our goal is to provide an updated overview of recent advances in these image-processing methods, with a particular focus on fluorescent images of the mouse brain. Our goal is to outline a pathway toward an integrated image-processing pipeline tailored for connecto-informatics. An integrated workflow of these image processing will facilitate researchers' approach to mapping brain connectivity to better understand complex brain networks and their underlying brain functions. By highlighting the image-processing tools available for fluroscent imaging of the mouse brain, this review will contribute to a deeper grasp of connecto-informatics, paving the way for better comprehension of brain connectivity and its implications.

Multi-Functional PEDOT:PSS as the Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells.

Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT), particularly in its complex form with poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS), stands out as a prominent example of an organic conductor. Renowned for its exceptional conductivity, substantial light transmissibility, water processability, and remarkable flexibility, PEDOT:PSS has earned its reputation as a leading conductive polymer. This study explores the unique effects of two additives, Bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (DGEBA) and Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), on the PSS component of PEDOT:PSS films are shown. Both additives induce grain size growth, while DGEBA makes the PEDOT:PSS layer hydrophobic, which acts as a passivation to protect the perovskite layer, which is vulnerable to moisture. The other additive, DMSO, separates the PSS groups, resulting in increased conductivity through the free movement of holes. With these multi-modified p-type PEDOT:PSS, the ITO/M-PEDOT:PSS/Perovskite/PCBM/Ag structured reverse structure solar cell has improved the power conversion efficiency (PCE) from 15.28% to 17.80% compared to the control cell with conventional PEDOT:PSS. It also maintains 90% for 500 h at 60 °C and 300 h at 1 sun illuminating conditions.

Association between the utilization of senior centers and participation in health check-ups.

The global older adult population is increasing. Early detection and intervention through health check-ups are crucial for successful aging, as they play a significant role in identifying and addressing diseases. This study explored the relationship between the utilization of senior centers and the promotion of health check-ups. It utilized data from 10,097 individuals aged 65 years and above, sourced from the 2020 Elderly Survey in South Korea. The primary variable of interest was classified into two groups: those who utilized senior centers and those who did not. Subgroups were further categorized based on the frequency of usage and the presence of family members among senior centers users. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to assess the association between the utilization of senior centers and participation in health check-ups. Both men and women utilizing senior centers demonstrated a higher likelihood of participating in health check-ups compared with those who did not use senior centers. Participants visiting senior centers in a week exhibited a progressively higher likelihood of engaging in health check-ups compared with those who visited such senior centers zero times a week. Senior centers can serve as effective intervention methods to enhance health check-ups among older adults. Furthermore, this can contribute to fostering successful aging among older adults.

Selection of Catechin Biosynthesis-Related Genes and Functional Analysis from Chromosome-Level Genome Assembly in C. sinensis L. Variety 'Sangmok'.

Camellia is an important plant genus that includes well-known species such as C. sinensis, C. oleifera, and C. japonica. The C. sinensis cultivar 'Sangmok', one of Korea's standard types of tea landraces, is a small evergreen tree or shrub. Genome annotation has shown that Korean tea plants have special and unique benefits and superior components, such as catechin. The genome of Camellia sinensis cultivar 'Sangmok' was assembled on the chromosome level, with a length of 2678.62 Mbp and GC content of 38.16%. Further, 15 chromosome-scale scaffolds comprising 82.43% of the assembly (BUSCO completeness, 94.3%) were identified. Analysis of 68,151 protein-coding genes showed an average of 5.003 exons per gene. Among 82,481 coding sequences, the majority (99.06%) were annotated by Uniprot/Swiss-Prot. Further analysis revealed that 'Sangmok' is closely related to C. sinensis, with a divergence time of 60 million years ago. A total of 3336 exclusive gene families in 'Sangmok' were revealed by gene ontology analysis to play roles in auxin transport and cellular response mechanisms. By comparing these exclusive genes with 551 similar catechin genes, 17 'Sangmok'-specific catechin genes were identified by qRT-PCR, including those involved in phytoalexin biosynthesis and related to cytochrome P450. The 'Sangmok' genome exhibited distinctive genes compared to those of related species. This comprehensive genomic investigation enhances our understanding of the genetic architecture of 'Sangmok' and its specialized functions. The findings contribute valuable insights into the evolutionary and functional aspects of this plant species.

Uncovering risk factors for adverse events and infections in rheumatoid arthritis and rheumatoid arthritis with interstitial lung disease under treatment with biologics or targeted synthetic DMARDs: insights from the KOBIO Registry.

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to identify the risk factors associated with overall adverse events (AEs) and infections in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and comorbid interstitial lung disease (ILD), receiving biologic or targeted synthetic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (b/tsDMARDs), using data from the Korean College of Rheumatology Biologics registry. METHODS: We analysed data from a cohort of 2,266 adult patients with RA who received b/tsDMARDs, including 169 patients with comorbid ILD. We identified the risk factors for overall AEs and infections in both the all RA group and the subgroup of patients with RA-ILD and investigated the impact of infections on mortality in patients with RA-ILD. RESULTS: Among all patients with RA, 45.7% withdrew b/tsDMARDs, whereas among those with RA-ILD, a higher proportion of 57.4% withdrew their treatment regimen. The main reason for withdrawing b/tsDMARDs in the RA-ILD group was AEs, with infections accounting for the largest proportion of reported AEs. In multivariable analysis of the risk factors for overall AEs and infections in the RA-ILD group, older age was identified as a risk factor for overall AEs (odds ratio [OR], 3.01; p=0.014), and only a current smoking status was identified as a risk factor for infections (OR, 2.11; p=0.035). CONCLUSIONS: Patients with RA-ILD exhibited a higher rate of b/tsDMARDs withdrawal due to overall AEs and infections than those with RA without ILD. In the RA-ILD group, older age was identified as a risk factor for overall AEs, whereas a current smoking status was identified as a risk factor for infections.

Association between watching eating broadcast "Mukbang and Cookbang" and body mass index status in South Korean adolescents stratified by gender.

BACKGROUND: It has been suggested that Mukbang and Cookbang, a type of eating broadcast originating from Korea and gaining popularity, may contribute to obesity. However, despite suggestions that Mukbang might contribute to obesity, studies investigating the impact of watching Mukbang on obesity is lacking. The goal of this study is to analyze the relationship between watching Mukbang and Cookbang and body mass index (BMI) status in Korean adolescents. All analyses were stratified by gender. METHODS: This study utilized data from the 2022 Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Surveys. The anonymous online survey was conducted with 56,213 students, and 51,850 students (92.2%) who participated in the survey were analyzed. Participants reported the frequency of watching Mukbang and Cookbang per week over the previous 12 months. BMI was categorized into four subgroups based on percentiles: underweight (< 5th percentile), normal (5th - 85th percentiles), overweight (85th - 95th percentiles), and obese (> 95th percentile). This study used multinomial logistic regression for analysis. RESULTS: The likelihood of being obese was significantly higher in Mukbang-watching boys compared to those who never watched Mukbang and Cookbang (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 1.22, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.12-1.32). A dose-dependent association was found between the frequency of Mukbang and Cookbang watching and the likelihood of obesity among boys (p-for-trend < 0.0001). Subgroups that currently smoke, currently drink alcohol, frequently consume fast food, or drink sweetened beverages showed significantly higher odds of being obese in the "Ever" group than those in the "Never" group. CONCLUSION: This study found a relationship between watching Mukbang and Cookbang and obesity in boys. Appropriate interventions should be considered for boys watching Mukbang and Cookbang.

Association between antidepressants and the risk of diabetic foot ulcers and amputation in antidepressant-naïve type 2 diabetes mellitus patients: A nested case-control study.

AIMS: Antidepressants are widely used by individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This study aimed to explore the correlation between antidepressant use, considering specific antidepressant subclasses or cumulative doses, and diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) risk. METHODS: This nested case-control study was conducted using a representative population-based Korean cohort database from 2002 to 2019. Participants with DFUs were matched with participants without DFUs based on age, sex, date of T2DM diagnosis, and follow-up duration. In total, 791 DFUs and 3900 controls were included. The association between antidepressant use or cumulative dose of each antidepressant subclass, DFU risk and amputation risk was examined using a conditional logistic regression model. RESULTS: Antidepressant ever-use was associated with an increased incidence of DFUs compared with non-use. Furthermore, an increase in DFU risk was evident with increasing cumulative antidepressant dosage, particularly among tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) ever-users and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) ever-users. Additionally, antidepressant ever-users displayed a higher risk of DFUs requiring amputation, which was consistently observed when the cumulative dosages of overall antidepressants and TCAs were considered. CONCLUSION: Caution is advised when administering TCAs and SSRIs in antidepressant-naïve T2DM patients to reduce DFU and the consequent amputation risk.

From synapses to circuits: What mouse models have taught us about how autism spectrum disorder impacts hippocampal function.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder that impacts a variety of cognitive and behavioral domains. While a genetic component of ASD has been well-established, none of the numerous syndromic genes identified in humans accounts for more than 1% of the clinical patients. Due to this large number of target genes, numerous mouse models of the disorder have been generated. However, the focus on distinct brain circuits, behavioral phenotypes and diverse experimental approaches has made it difficult to synthesize the overwhelming number of model animal studies into concrete throughlines that connect the data across levels of investigation. Here we chose to focus on one circuit, the hippocampus, and one hypothesis, a shift in excitatory/inhibitory balance, to examine, from the level of the tripartite synapse up to the level of in vivo circuit activity, the key commonalities across disparate models that can illustrate a path towards a better mechanistic understanding of ASD's impact on hippocampal circuit function.

Effect of the peripartum depressive symptoms on the Internet use disorder of their offspring in late childhood: retrospective longitudinal study.

Internet use disorder (IUD) is an emerging social and mental health concern. This study aimed to analyze the relative risk of IUD in late childhood among children whose mothers experienced peripartum depressive symptoms. This study included 762 participants (397 boys and 365 girls) and was conducted in 2017 (aged 9) and 2019 (aged 11). We analyzed the adjusted relative risk of being at high risk for IUD based on whether the mother experienced depressive symptoms during pregnancy or one month after delivery. We also considered the persistence of depressed mood for 4 months after delivery and the severity of peripartum depressive symptoms. From 2017, 20.7% of boys and 14.0% of girls were at high risk of developing IUD. Compared to the non-peripartum depressive group, girls whose mothers experienced peripartum depressive symptoms and those that persisted for 4 months were 1.084 and 1.124 times more likely to be at high risk of IUD (95% confidence interval = 1.005-1.170 and 1.013-1.248), respectively. There were no statistically significant differences among boys. Peripartum depressed mood could be one of risk factors of IUD. IUD needs to be monitored in children whose mothers experienced peripartum depressive symptoms.