RESUMEN
Mumps virus (MuV) causes an acute contagious human disease characterized by swelling of the parotid glands. Despite the near elimination of mumps in many countries, the disease has recurred, even in vaccinated populations, especially adolescents. Immunization effectivity of the genotype A vaccine strain Jeryl Lynn (JL) is declining as genotype A is no longer predominant; therefore, a new vaccine strain and booster vaccine are required. We generated a cell culture-adapted MuV genotype F called F30 and evaluated its immunogenicity and cross-protective activity against diverse genotypes. F30 genome nucleotide sequence determination revealed changes in the NP, L, SH, and HN genes, leading to five amino acid changes compared to a minimally passaged stock (F10). F30 showed delayed growth, smaller plaque size in Vero cells, and lower neurotoxicity in neonatal mice than F10. Furthermore, F30 was immunogenic to other genotypes, including the JL vaccine strain, with higher efficacy than that of JL for homologous and heterologous immunization. Further, F30 exhibited cross-protective immunity against MuV genotypes F and G in Ifnar-/- mice after a third immunization with F30 following two doses of JL. Our data suggest that the live-attenuated virus F30 could be an effective booster vaccine to control breakthrough infections and mumps epidemics.
RESUMEN
The mumps virus (MuV) causes a highly contagious human disease characterized by swelling of the parotid glands. Although the administration of an attenuated Jeryl Lynn (JL) MuV vaccine shows efficacy in reducing the incidence of MuV infection, sporadic mumps outbreaks still occur in vaccinated populations. We have previously established that an inactivated F genotype mumps vaccine has a higher neutralizing antibody titer against diverse circulating mumps viruses in mice. Here, we aimed to develop a vaccination strategy to enhance the immune response for MuV and assess the effects of heterologous vaccination compared with homologous approaches. We administered an inactivated F genotype mumps vaccine booster following a homologous prime-boost regime and compared its efficacy with three doses of homologous JL vaccine in mice. We demonstrated robust stimulation of neutralizing antibodies and cellular immune response of interferon-γ-secreting cytotoxic T cells following administration of an inactivated F genotype mumps vaccine booster after a homologous prime-boost regime with JL. Compared with the homologous prime-boost regime, this heterologous prime-boost regime showed protective efficacy against the F genotype of MuV. These findings suggest that the heterologous vaccination strategy based on the administration of an inactivated F genotype mumps vaccine provides more effective cross-protection against circulating wild-type mumps viruses than homologous vaccination.
RESUMEN
Smallpox, caused by the variola virus belonging to the genus Orthopoxvirus, is an acute contagious disease that killed 300 million people in the 20th century. Since it was declared to be eradicated and the national immunization program against it was stopped, the variola virus has become a prospective bio-weapon. It is necessary to develop a safe vaccine that protects people from terrorism using this biological weapon and that can be administered to immunocompromised people. Our previous study reported on the development of an attenuated smallpox vaccine (KVAC103). This study evaluated cellular and humoral immune responses to various doses, frequencies, and routes of administration of the KVAC103 strain, compared to CJ-50300 vaccine, and its protective ability against the wild-type vaccinia virus Western Reserve (VACV-WR) strain was evaluated. The binding and neutralizing-antibody titers increased in a concentration-dependent manner in the second inoculation, which increased the neutralizing-antibody titer compared to those after the single injection. In contrast, the T-cell immune response (interferon-gamma positive cells) increased after the second inoculation compared to that of CJ-50300 after the first inoculation. Neutralizing-antibody titers and antigen-specific IgG levels were comparable in all groups administered KVAC103 intramuscularly, subcutaneously, and intradermally. In a protective immunity test using the VACV-WR strain, all mice vaccinated with CJ-50300 or KVAC103 showed 100% survival. KVAC103 could be a potent smallpox vaccine that efficiently induces humoral and cellular immune responses to protect mice against the VACV-WR strain.
Asunto(s)
Vacuna contra Viruela , Viruela , Virus de la Viruela , Animales , Ratones , Humanos , Viruela/prevención & control , Vacunas Atenuadas , Estudios Prospectivos , Virus Vaccinia/genética , Inmunidad Celular , Antígenos Virales , Anticuerpos Antivirales , Ratones Endogámicos BALB CRESUMEN
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged in 2019 and caused the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic worldwide. As of September 2023, the number of confirmed coronavirus cases has reached over 770 million and caused nearly 7 million deaths. The World Health Organization assigned and informed the characterization of variants of concern (VOCs) to help control the COVID-19 pandemic through global monitoring of circulating viruses. Although many vaccines have been proposed, developing an effective vaccine against variants is still essential to reach the endemic stage of COVID-19. We designed five DNA vaccine candidates composed of the first isolated genotype and major SARS-CoV-2 strains from isolated Korean patients classified as VOCs, such as Alpha, Beta, Gamma, and Delta. To evaluate the immunogenicity of each genotype via homologous and heterologous vaccination, mice were immunized twice within a 3-week interval, and the blood and spleen were collected 1 week after the final vaccination to analyze the immune responses. The group vaccinated with DNA vaccine candidates based on the S genotype and the Alpha and Beta variants elicited both humoral and cellular immune responses, with higher total IgG levels and neutralizing antibody responses than the other groups. In particular, the vaccine candidate based on the Alpha variant induced a highly diverse cytokine response. Additionally, we found that the group subjected to homologous vaccination with the S genotype and heterologous vaccination with S/Alpha induced high total IgG levels and a neutralization antibody response. Homologous vaccination with the S genotype and heterologous vaccination with S/Alpha and S/Beta significantly induced IFN-γ immune responses. The immunogenicity after homologous vaccination with S and Alpha and heterologous vaccination with the S/Alpha candidate was better than that of the other groups, indicating the potential for developing novel DNA vaccines against different SARS-CoV-2 variants.
Asunto(s)
COVID-19 , Vacunas de ADN , Humanos , Animales , Ratones , SARS-CoV-2/genética , COVID-19/prevención & control , Pandemias , Vacunación , Anticuerpos Neutralizantes , Inmunoglobulina G , Anticuerpos AntiviralesRESUMEN
Abnormal lipid metabolism increases the relative risk of kidney disease in patients with a single kidney. Using transcriptome analysis, we investigated whether a high-fat diet leads to abnormalities in lipid metabolism and induces kidney cell-specific damage in unilateral nephrectomy mice. Mice with unilateral nephrectomy fed a high-fat diet for 12 weeks exhibited progressive renal dysfunction in proximal tubules, including lipid accumulation, vacuolization, and cell damage. Ring finger protein 20 (RNF20) is a ligase of nuclear receptor corepressor of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs). The transcriptome analysis revealed the involvement of RNF20-related transcriptome changes in PPAR signaling, lipid metabolism, and water transmembrane transporter under a high-fat diet and unilateral nephrectomy. In vitro treatment of proximal tubular cells with palmitic acid induced lipotoxicity by altering RNF20, PPARα, and ATP-binding cassette subfamily A member 1 (ABCA1) expression. PPARγ and aquaporin 2 (AQP2) expression decreased in collecting duct cells, regulating genetic changes in the water reabsorption process. In conclusion, a high-fat diet induces lipid accumulation under unilateral nephrectomy via altering RNF20-mediated regulation and causing functional damage to cells as a result of abnormal lipid metabolism, thereby leading to structural and functional kidney deterioration.
Asunto(s)
Dieta Alta en Grasa , Enfermedades Renales , Ubiquitina-Proteína Ligasas , Animales , Ratones , Acuaporina 2/metabolismo , Dieta Alta en Grasa/efectos adversos , Riñón/metabolismo , Riñón/patología , Enfermedades Renales/metabolismo , Metabolismo de los Lípidos/fisiología , Lípidos , Nefrectomía/efectos adversos , PPAR alfa/metabolismo , Ubiquitina-Proteína Ligasas/genética , Ubiquitina-Proteína Ligasas/metabolismo , Agua/metabolismoRESUMEN
Introduction: Growth-associated protein 43 (GAP-43) is known as a neuronal plasticity protein because it is widely expressed at high levels in neuronal growth cones during axonal regeneration. GAP-43 expressed in mature adult neurons is functionally important for the neuronal communication of synapses in learning and memory. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is closely related to neurodegeneration and synaptic plasticity during the aging process. However, the molecular mechanisms regulating neurodegeneration and synaptic plasticity underlying the pathogenesis and progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD) still remain incompletely understood. Methods: Remarkably, the expressions of GAP-43 and BDNF perfectly match in various neurons in the Human Brain Atlas database. Moreover, GAP-43 and BDNF are highly expressed in a healthy adults' hippocampus brain region and are inversely correlated with the amyloid beta (Aß), which is the pathological peptide of amyloid plaques found in the brains of patients with AD. Results: These data led us to investigate the impact of the direct molecular interaction between GAP-43 and BDNF in hippocampal neuron fate. In this study, we show that GAP-43 and BDNF are inversely associated with pathological molecules for AD (Tau and Aß). In addition, we define the three-dimensional protein structure for GAP-43 and BDNF, including the predictive direct binding sites via analysis using ClusPro 2.0, and demonstrate that the deprivation of GAP-43 and BDNF triggers hippocampal neuronal death and memory dysfunction, employing the GAP-43 or BDNF knock-down cellular models and 5XFAD mice. Conclusion: These results show that GAP-43 and BDNF are direct binding partners in hippocampal neurons and that their molecular signaling might be potential therapeutic targets for AD.
RESUMEN
Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) provides three-dimensional structural and semiquantitative imaging of microvasculature in vivo. We developed an OCTA imaging protocol for a murine kidney ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) model to investigate the correlation between renal microvascular changes and ischemic damage. Mice were divided into mild and moderate IRI groups according to the duration of ischemia (10 and 35 mins, respectively). Each animal was imaged at baseline; during ischemia; and at 1, 15, 30, 45, and 60 mins after ischemia. Amplitude decorrelation OCTA images were constructed with 1.5-, 3.0-, and 5.8-ms interscan times, to calculate the semiquantitative flow index in the superficial (50-70 µm) and the deep (220-340 µm) capillaries of the renal cortex. The mild IRI group showed no significant flow index change in both the superfial and the deep layers. The moderate IRI group showed a significantly decreased flow index from 15 and 45 mins in the superficial and deep layers, respectively. Seven weeks after IRI induction, the moderate IRI group showed lower kidney function and higher collagen deposition than the mild IRI group. OCTA imaging of the murine IRI model revealed changes in superficial blood flow after ischemic injury. A more pronounced decrease in superficial blood flow than in deep blood flow was associated with sustained dysfunction after IRI. Further investigation on post-IRI renal microvascular response using OCTA may improve our understanding of the relationship between the degree of ischemic insult and kidney function.
Asunto(s)
Daño por Reperfusión , Tomografía de Coherencia Óptica , Ratones , Animales , Riñón/diagnóstico por imagen , Riñón/irrigación sanguínea , Daño por Reperfusión/diagnóstico por imagen , Daño por Reperfusión/complicaciones , Isquemia/diagnóstico por imagen , Isquemia/complicaciones , Microvasos/diagnóstico por imagen , AngiografíaRESUMEN
Antireflective (AR) surface texturing is a feasible way to boost the light absorption of photosensitive materials and devices. As a plasma-free etching method, metal-assisted chemical etching (MacEtch) has been employed for fabricating GaN AR surface texturing. However, the poor etching efficiency of typical MacEtch hinders the demonstration of highly responsive photodetectors on an undoped GaN wafer. In addition, GaN MacEtch requires metal mask patterning by lithography, which leads to a huge processing complexity when the dimension of GaN AR nanostructure scales down to the submicron range. In this work, we have developed a facile texturing method of forming a GaN nanoridge surface on an undoped GaN thin film by a lithography-free submicron mask-patterning process via thermal dewetting of platinum. The nanoridge surface texturing effectively reduces the surface reflection in the ultraviolet (UV) regime, which can be translated to a 6-fold enhancement in responsivity (i.e., 115 A/W) of the photodiode at 365 nm. The results demonstrated in this work show that MacEtch can offer a viable route for enhanced UV light-matter interaction and surface engineering in GaN UV optoelectronic devices.
RESUMEN
The soils in urban greenery considerably contribute to providing ecosystem services. However, appropriate tools to assess and manage urban soil quality under consideration of ecosystem services and soil functions are unavailable. In this study, we aimed to 1) provide detailed instructions for assessing a novel urban soil quality index (uSQI) and 2) propose the application of uSQI in urban soil quality management. The uSQI is the average of the scores for six soil functions. Each soil function was estimated by several measurable indicators that have high correlation with soil functions. The measurable soil indicators are bulk density, saturated hydraulic conductivity, litter-layer depth, mineral-associated organic matter, clay + silt content, inorganic nitrogen concentration, fluorescein diacetate hydrolytic activity, cation exchange capacity, concentrations of potentially toxic elements, and pH. The uSQI effectively identified the soils with low quality due to disturbances. The radar chart of six soil functions comprising uSQI could suggest the direction of management for urban stakeholders.â¢The uSQI represents soil functions necessary for urban greenery to provide ecosystem services.â¢The uSQI successfully identified the soils with low quality due to disturbances.
RESUMEN
Owing to the rapid spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and its variants, the development of effective and safe vaccines has become a priority. The measles virus (MeV) vaccine is an attractive vaccine platform as it has been administered to children for more than 40 years in over 100 countries. In this study, we developed a recombinant MeV expressing the full-length SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (rMeV-S) and tested its efficacy using mouse and hamster models. In hCD46Tg mice, two-dose rMeV-S vaccination induced higher Th1 secretion and humoral responses than one-dose vaccination. Interestingly, neutralizing antibodies induced by one-dose and two-dose rMeV-S immunization effectively blocked the entry of the α, ß, γ, and δ variants of SARS-CoV-2. Furthermore, two-dose rMeV-S immunization provided complete protection against SARS-CoV-2 in the hamster model. These results suggest the potential of rMeV-S as a vaccine candidate for targeting SARS-CoV-2 and its variants.
Asunto(s)
COVID-19 , Vacunas Virales , Humanos , Animales , Ratones , Anticuerpos Neutralizantes , SARS-CoV-2/genética , Glicoproteína de la Espiga del Coronavirus , Virus del Sarampión/genética , Anticuerpos Antivirales , COVID-19/prevención & control , Vacuna AntisarampiónRESUMEN
The abnormal accumulation and aggregation of the misfolded α-synuclein protein is the neuropathological hallmark of all α-synucleinopathies, including Parkinson's disease. The secreted proteins known as netrins (netrin-1, netrin-3, and netrin-4) are related to laminin and have a role in the molecular pathway for axon guidance and cell survival. Interestingly, only netrin-1 is significantly expressed in the substantia nigra (SN) of healthy adult brains and its expression inversely correlates with that of α-synuclein, which prompted us to look into the role of α-synuclein and netrin-1 molecular interaction in the future of dopaminergic neurons. Here, we showed that netrin-1 and α-synuclein directly interacted in pre-formed fibrils (PFFs) generation test, real time binding assay, and co-immunoprecipitation with neurotoxin treated cell lysates. Netrin-1 deficiency appeared to activate the dopaminergic neuronal cell death signal pathway via α-synuclein aggregation and hyperphosphorylation of α-synuclein S129. Taken together, netrin-1 can be a promising therapeutic molecule in Parkinson's disease. [BMB Reports 2023; 56(2): 126-131].
Asunto(s)
Enfermedad de Parkinson , alfa-Sinucleína , Humanos , alfa-Sinucleína/metabolismo , Enfermedad de Parkinson/metabolismo , Neuronas Dopaminérgicas/metabolismo , Netrina-1/metabolismo , Sustancia Negra/metabolismo , Sustancia Negra/patologíaRESUMEN
Surface modification of cathodes using Ni-rich coating layers prevents bulk and surface degradation for the stable operation of Li-ion batteries at high voltages. However, insulating and dense inorganic coating layers often impede charge transfer and ion diffusion kinetics. In this study, the fabrication of dual functional coating materials using metal-organic polyhedra (MOP) with 3D networks within microporous units of Li-ion batteries for surface stabilization and facile ion diffusion is proposed. Zr-based MOP is modified by introducing acyl groups as a chemical linkage (MOPAC), and MOPAC layers are homogenously coated by simple spray coating on the cathode. The coating allow the smooth transport of electrons and ions. MOPAC effectively suppress side reactions between the cathode and electrolyte and protect active materials against aggressive fluoride ions by forming a Li-ion selective passivation film. The MOPAC-coated Ni-rich layered cathode exhibited better cycle retention and enhanced kinetic properties than pristine and MOP-coated cathodes. Reduction of undesirable gas evolution on the cathode by MOPAC is also verified. Microporous MOPAC coating can simultaneously stabilize both the bulk and surface of the Ni-rich layered cathode and maintain good electrochemical reaction kinetics for high-performance Li-ion batteries.
RESUMEN
Lettuce is one of the most consumed vegetables worldwide. However, it has potential risks associated with pathogenic bacterial contamination because it is usually consumed raw. In this study, we investigated the changes in the bacterial community on lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) in Chungcheong-do, South Korea, and the prevalence of foodborne pathogens on lettuce in different seasons using 16S rRNA gene-based sequencing. Our data revealed that the Shannon diversity index showed the same tendency in term of the number of OTUs, with the index being greatest for summer samples in comparison to other seasons. Moreover, the microbial communities were significantly different between the four seasons. The relative abundance of Actinobacteriota varied according to the season. Family Micrococcaceae was most dominant in all samples except summer, and Rhizobiaceae was predominant in the microbiome of the summer sample. At the genus level, the relative abundance of Bacillus was greatest in spring samples, whereas Pseudomonas was greatest in winter samples. Potential pathogens, such as Staphylococcus and Clostridium, were detected with low relative abundance in all lettuce samples. We also performed metagenome shotgun sequencing analysis on the selected summer and winter samples, which were expected to be contaminated with foodborne pathogens, to support 16S rRNA gene-based sequencing dataset. Moreover, we could detect seasonal biomarkers and microbial association networks of microbiota on lettuce samples. Our results suggest that seasonal characteristics of lettuce microbial communities, which include diverse potential pathogens, can be used as basic data for food safety management to predict and prevent future outbreaks.
Asunto(s)
Lactuca , Microbiota , Lactuca/microbiología , Estaciones del Año , ARN Ribosómico 16S/genética , Microbiota/genética , Metagenoma , BacteriasRESUMEN
The scalable synthetic route to colloidal atoms has significantly advanced over the past two decades. Recently, colloidal clusters with DNA-coated cores called "patchy colloidal clusters" have been developed, providing a directional bonding with specific angle of rotation due to the shape complementarity between colloidal clusters. Through a DNA-mediated interlocking process, they are directly assembled into low-coordination colloidal structures, such as cubic diamond lattices. Herein, the significant progress in recent years in the synthesis of patchy colloidal clusters and their assembly in experiments and simulations is reviewed. Furthermore, an outlook is given on the emerging approaches to the patchy colloidal clusters and their potential applications in photonic crystals, metamaterials, topological photonic insulators, and separation membranes.
RESUMEN
By situating computer-generated content in the physical world, mobile augmented reality (AR) can support many tasks that involve effective search and inspection of physical environments. Currently, there is limited information regarding the viability of using AR in realistic wide-area outdoor environments and how AR experiences affect human behavior in these environments. Here, we conducted a wide-area outdoor AR user study ($n=48$) using a commercially available AR headset (Microsoft Hololens 2) to compare (1) user interactions with physical and virtual objects in the environment (2) the effects of different lighting conditions on user behavior and AR experience and (3) the impact of varying cognitive load on AR task performance. Participants engaged in a treasure hunt task where they searched for and classified virtual target items (green "gems") in an augmented outdoor courtyard scene populated with physical and virtual objects. Cognitive load was manipulated so that in half the search trials users were required to monitor an audio stream and respond to specific target sounds. Walking paths, head orientation and eye gaze information were measured, and users were queried about their memory of encountered objects and provided feedback on the experience. Key findings included (1) Participants self-reported significantly lower comfort in the ambient natural light condition, with virtual objects more visible and participants more likely to walk into physical objects at night; (2) recall for physical objects was worse than for virtual objects, (3) participants discovered more gems hidden behind virtual objects than physical objects, implying higher attention on virtual objects and (4) dual-tasking modified search behavior. These results suggest there are important technical, perceptual and cognitive factors that must be considered if the full potential of "anywhere and anytime mobile AR" is to be realized.
Asunto(s)
Realidad Aumentada , Gráficos por Computador , Humanos , Interfaz Usuario-Computador , Iluminación , Análisis y Desempeño de TareasRESUMEN
By automatically classifying the stomach, small bowel, and colon, the reading time of the wireless capsule endoscopy (WCE) can be reduced. In addition, it is an essential first preprocessing step to localize the small bowel in order to apply automated small bowel lesion detection algorithms based on deep learning. The purpose of the study was to develop an automated small bowel detection method from long untrimmed videos captured from WCE. Through this, the stomach and colon can also be distinguished. The proposed method is based on a convolutional neural network (CNN) with a temporal filtering on the predicted probabilities from the CNN. For CNN, we use a ResNet50 model to classify three organs including stomach, small bowel, and colon. The hybrid temporal filter consisting of a Savitzky-Golay filter and a median filter is applied to the temporal probabilities for the "small bowel" class. After filtering, the small bowel and the other two organs are differentiated with thresholding. The study was conducted on dataset of 200 patients (100 normal and 100 abnormal WCE cases), which was divided into a training set of 140 cases, a validation set of 20 cases, and a test set of 40 cases. For the test set of 40 patients (20 normal and 20 abnormal WCE cases), the proposed method showed accuracy of 99.8% in binary classification for the small bowel. Transition time errors for gastrointestinal tracts were only 38.8 ± 25.8 seconds for the transition between stomach and small bowel and 32.0 ± 19.1 seconds for the transition between small bowel and colon, compared to the ground truth organ transition points marked by two experienced gastroenterologists.
RESUMEN
Coronavirus disease 2019 caused by the novel human severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is currently a major threat to public health worldwide. To deal with the needs of vaccine, we developed four DNA vaccine candidates against SARS-CoV-2, based on the full-length spike (S) or truncated S protein. Following mice vaccination, we measured T-cell response and antigen-specific neutralizing antibody (NAb) titer. All four candidates induced humoral immune responses, including elevated levels of total IgG and NAbs, and cell-mediated immune responses, including multiple cytokine expression. However, the full-length S DNA vaccine enhanced the immune responses most significantly. We then evaluated its appropriate antigen dose and vaccination schedule. Although all immunized groups showed higher immune response than the control group, inoculation with 50 µg antigen led to the highest NAb titer. Immunity was significantly increased after the third inoculation. Thus, the full-length S DNA vaccine can potentially prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Asunto(s)
COVID-19 , Vacunas de ADN , Vacunas Virales , Animales , Anticuerpos Neutralizantes , Anticuerpos Antivirales , COVID-19/prevención & control , Vacunas contra la COVID-19/genética , Humanos , Ratones , SARS-CoV-2/genética , Glicoproteína de la Espiga del Coronavirus/genética , VacunaciónRESUMEN
Japanese encephalitis is prevalent throughout the temperate and tropical regions of Asia and is caused by the Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), a mosquito-borne viral pathogen. The plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT) is currently recommended as the gold standard test for detecting human antibodies against JEV. The plaque assay is the most widely used method for detecting infectious virions and involves counting discrete plaques in cells. However, it is time-consuming, and results can be subjective (owing to analyst variability during manual plaque counting). The focus reduction neutralization test (FRNT), which is based on an immuno-colorimetric assay, can be used to automatically count foci formed by the JEV. Here, we compared the efficacy of PRNT and FRNT in measuring the neutralizing antibody titers using 102 serum samples from vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals. We observed positive correlations between these neutralization assays against the Nakayama and Beijing strains (R2 = 0.98 and 0.77, respectively). Thus, FRNT may be preferable to PRNT for evaluating the efficacy of JEV vaccines in large-scale serological studies.
Asunto(s)
Virus de la Encefalitis Japonesa (Especie) , Virus de la Encefalitis Japonesa (Subgrupo) , Encefalitis Japonesa , Animales , Anticuerpos Neutralizantes , Anticuerpos Antivirales , Encefalitis Japonesa/diagnóstico , Humanos , Pruebas de Neutralización/métodos , Ensayo de Placa ViralRESUMEN
Therapeutic iodoform (CHI3) is commonly used as a root-filling material for primary teeth; however, the side effects of iodoform-containing materials, including early root resorption, have been reported. To overcome this problem, a water-soluble iodide (NaI)-incorporated root-filling material was developed. Calcium hydroxide, silicone oil, and NaI were incorporated in different weight proportions (30:30:X), and the resulting material was denoted DX (D5~D30), indicating the NaI content. As a control, iodoform instead of NaI was incorporated at a ratio of 30:30:30, and the material was denoted I30. The physicochemical (flow, film thickness, radiopacity, viscosity, water absorption, solubility, and ion releases) and biological (cytotoxicity, TRAP, ARS, and analysis of osteoclastic markers) properties were determined. The amount of iodine, sodium, and calcium ion releases and the pH were higher in D30 than I30, and the highest level of unknown extracted molecules was detected in I30. In the cell viability test, all groups except 100% D30 showed no cytotoxicity. In the 50% nontoxic extract, D30 showed decreased osteoclast formation compared with I30. In summary, NaI-incorporated materials showed adequate physicochemical properties and low osteoclast formation compared to their iodoform-counterpart. Thus, NaI-incorporated materials may be used as a substitute for iodoform-counterparts in root-filling materials after further (pre)clinical investigation.