RESUMEN
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a significant problem worldwide and neuroimaging plays a critical role in diagnosis and management. Recently, perfusion neuroimaging techniques have been explored in TBI to determine and characterize potential perfusion neuroimaging biomarkers to aid in diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis. In this article, computed tomography (CT) bolus perfusion, MR imaging bolus perfusion, MR imaging arterial spin labeling perfusion, and xenon CT are reviewed with a focus on their applications in acute TBI. Future research directions are also discussed.
Asunto(s)
Lesiones Encefálicas/diagnóstico por imagen , Diagnóstico por Imagen/métodos , Imagen de Perfusión/métodos , Encéfalo/diagnóstico por imagen , Humanos , Neuroimagen/métodosRESUMEN
During embryological development, primitive anastomoses exist between the carotid and vertebrobasilar arteries. These anastomoses typically regress or are incorporated into the developing vasculature. Persistence beyond fetal development, however, results in vascular anomalies that alter haemodynamic flow with a predisposition for aneurysm formation. The carotid-vertebrobasilar anastomoses mirror the primitive communications and include (from most to least common) the trigeminal, hypoglossal, proatlantal and otic arteries. The hypoglossal and proatlantal variants extend through the hypoglossal canal or foramen magnum, respectively. We present a previously undescribed variant of these persistent fetal anastomoses, the 'transclival artery', which courses through its own transclival skull base canal/foramen.
Asunto(s)
Arteria Basilar/anomalías , Arteria Basilar/diagnóstico por imagen , Arteria Carótida Interna/anomalías , Arteria Carótida Interna/diagnóstico por imagen , Malformaciones Vasculares/diagnóstico por imagen , Aneurisma/diagnóstico por imagen , Aneurisma/etiología , Angiografía por Tomografía Computarizada , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Malformaciones Vasculares/complicacionesRESUMEN
During embryological development, primitive anastomoses exist between the carotid and vertebrobasilar arteries. These anastomoses typically regress or are incorporated into the developing vasculature. Persistence beyond fetal development, however, results in vascular anomalies that alter haemodynamic flow with a predisposition for aneurysm formation. The carotid-vertebrobasilar anastomoses mirror the primitive communications and include (from most to least common) the trigeminal, hypoglossal, proatlantal and otic arteries. The hypoglossal and proatlantal variants extend through the hypoglossal canal or foramen magnum, respectively. We present a previously undescribed variant of these persistent fetal anastomoses, the 'transclival artery', which courses through its own transclival skull base canal/foramen.
Asunto(s)
Arteria Basilar/anomalías , Arterias Carótidas/anomalías , Arteria Vertebral/anomalías , Aneurisma/terapia , Arteria Basilar/diagnóstico por imagen , Arterias Carótidas/diagnóstico por imagen , Angiografía por Tomografía Computarizada , Femenino , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Arteria Vertebral/diagnóstico por imagenRESUMEN
Primary hyperparathyroidism is predominantly caused by a single parathyroid adenoma. Knowledge of normal and ectopic locations of parathyroid glands is crucial to help guide surgeons who plan targeted unilateral parathyroidectomy to reduce surgical time and risk. We describe a female patient with clinical primary hyperparathyroidism who underwent a failed initial parathyroidectomy, with subsequent imaging localizing an ectopic parathyroid adenoma in the carotid sheath.