Adult groin hernia surgery in sub-Saharan Africa: a 20-year systematic review and meta-analysis.

PURPOSE: To realize a systematic review to evaluate groin hernia surgery for adults in sub-Saharan Africa. METHODS: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis, the primary objective of which was to determine the surgical techniques used for unilateral groin hernia surgery in sub-Saharan Africa. Studies published in the last 20 years were considered. A meta-analysis estimated the pooled prevalence with 95% confidence interval (CI) of mortality, chronic pain and recurrence. A subgroup analysis compared the rate of complications between complicated or uncomplicated hernia. RESULTS: We included 113 articles. The most used technique was Bassini in 40.1%, followed by Lichtenstein in 29.9% and Shouldice in 12.6%. The overall mortality rate was 0.6% (95% CI 0.4-0.9). The pooled recurrence rate was 1.4% (95% CI 1.05-1.9). The pooled rate of chronic pain was 2.7% (95% CI 1.9-3.7). We found that mortality rate for complicated hernias (6.4%) was higher compared to uncomplicated hernias (0.2%). This difference was statistically significant [p ≤ 0.001; OR = 47.7; 95 CI (27.2-83.47)]. CONCLUSION: This review showed that pure tissue repairs are the most used techniques with Bassini and Shouldice as leading procedures. The post-operative rates of recurrence and chronic pain are low. However, there is a high heterogeneity between studies than can underestimate these pooled prevalences. The consultation at complication stage remains frequent and associated with a higher mortality. Futures studies should focus on improving the quality of studies in terms of design and follow-up to increase the degree of evidence.

[Cerebral toxoplasmosis in the infectious diseases department of the CHU du Point G in people living with HIV]. / La toxoplasmose cerebrale dans le service de maladies infectieuses du CHU du Point G chez les personnes vivant avec le VIH.

Toxoplasmosis is defined as a cosmopolitan protozoan disease caused by an obligate intracellular coccidia, Toxoplasma gondii. The advent of HIV infection has made cerebral toxoplasmosis one of the most widespread neurological opportunistic infections. METHOD: We conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study with retrospective review of files of cerebral toxoplasmosis on HIV infected patients who had been hospitalized in the infectious diseases department of Point G University Hospital between January 1st, 2014 and September 30th, 2019. RESULTS: During the study period, the frequency of cerebral toxoplasmosis was 10.1% and in 46.4% of the patients, the diagnosis led to the discovery of HIV co-infection. The clinical features were characterized by fever, headaches, and motor deficit at 86.6%, 84.5% and 69.1% respectively. Roundel image on computed tomography was most represented and was found in 24.4% of patients. Anti-toxoplasma treatment based on trimethoprim /sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX) associated with folinic acid was initiated in 78 patients out of 90, but 19 patients had a contraindication or adverse effects to this combination and were treated with clindamycin. HAART was initiated in 31 patients out of 45 (68.9%) newly diagnosed. The overall prognosis was limited with a mortality rate of 42%. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of cerebral toxoplasmosis was high in our study, 10.1%. To reduce this prevalence, chemoprophylaxis should be initiated in all HIV-infected patients with a CD4 count below 200 cells/mm3.

INTRODUCTION: La toxoplasmose est une protozoose cosmopolite due à Toxoplasmagondii. Avec l'avènement du VIH, la toxoplasmose cérébrale est une des infections opportunistes neurologiques les plus répandues. MÉTHODE: Nous avons mené une étude transversaledescriptive à collecte rétrospective portant sur des cas de toxoplasmoses cérébrales sur terrain d'immunodépression aux VIH ayant séjourné en hospitalisation dans le service des maladies infectieuses du CHU de Point G du 1er janvier 2014 au 30 septembre 2019. RÉSULTATS: La prévalence de la toxoplasmose cérébrale était de 10,1%. Chez 46,4% des patients, le diagnostic de toxoplasmose cérébrale avait permis la découverte d'une coïnfection à VIH. Le tableau clinique était dominé par la fièvre, les céphalées et le déficit moteur soit respectivement 86,6%, 84,5% et 69,1%. L'image en cocarde à la tomodensitométrie a été retrouvée chez 24,4% des patients. Le traitement anti-toxoplasmique à base de triméthoprime/sulfaméthoxazole (TMP/ SMX) associée à l'acide folinique a été conduit chez 78 patients sur 90. Dix-neuf patients avaient une contre-indication ou des effets indésirables à l'association TMP/ SMX et ont été traités par la clindamycine. Le traitement ARV a été initié chez trente-un patients sur 45 nouvellement dépistés soit 68,9%. Le pronostic chez nos patients était réservé et marqué par une mortalité de 42%. CONCLUSION: La prévalence de la toxoplasmose cérébrale était élevée dans notre étude soit 10,1%. Pour diminuer cette prévalence, la chimio-prophylaxie doit être instaurée chez tous les patients infectés par le VIH et ayant un taux de CD4 inférieur à 200 cellules/mm3.

[Hospital Management of Work-related injuries in informal sector: case of artisanal fishing in Saint-Louis (Senegal)]. / Prise en Charge Hospitalière des accidents de Travail dans le secteur informel : cas de la pêche artisanale à Saint-Louis (Sénégal).

OBJECTIVES: to determine the mechanisms, lesions and hospital management of work-related accidentduringtraditional fishing,an activity subject to vital occupational risks. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Descriptive retrospective study on occupational injury files in artisanal fishing professions, registered at the Saint-Louis Regional Hospital (Senegal), from January 2014 to December 2019. All complete records of trauma during any activity related to artisanal fishingwereincluded. Data on accident mechanisms, injuries observed, and hospital management were collected. RESULTS: 47 male workers were on average 28.4 years old. Direct shock from a pirogue was most frequent (68.10%), followed by sharp or blunt objects (16.27%). The lesions were characterized by bone fractures in 63.83% of cases (n=30); chest-abdominal-pelvic and limb contusions and wounds represented 12.67% and 21.27% of cases, respectively. Medical management was done in 21 cases (44.7%). Surgery was dominated by intramedullary nailing in 15 cases (31.9%). Two laparotomies were performed with intestinal sutures. A chest contusion death was reported. CONCLUSION: Traumatic occupational risks in traditional fishing are life threatening. A better understanding of these risks and their consequencesmakes it possible to ensure good prevention.

OBJECTIFS: déterminer les mécanismes, les lésions et la prise en charge hospitalière des accidents de travail maritimes au cours de la pêche artisanale. MATÉRIEL ET MÉTHODES: Etude rétrospective descriptive sur les dossiers de traumatismes par accident de travail de la pêche artisanale, recensés au niveau du Centre Hospitalier Régional de Saint-Louis (Sénégal), de janvier 2014 à décembre 2019. Etaient inclus tous les dossiers complets de traumatisme au cours de toute activité liée à la pêche artisanale. Les données sur le mécanisme des accidents, les lésions constatées et la prise en charge hospitalière étaient recueillies. RÉSULTATS: il s'agissait de 47 travailleurs masculins âgés en moyenne de 28,4 ans.Les chocs directs par une pirogue étaient les plus fréquents (68,10%), suivis des objets tranchants ou contondants (16,27%). Les fractures étaient prédominantes dans 63,83% des cas (n=30) ; les contusions thoraco-abdomino-pelviennes et de membres ainsi que les plaies représentaient respectivement 12,67% et 21,27% des cas. Le traitement était médical dans 21 cas (44,7%). La chirurgie était dominée par l'enclouage centro-médullaire dans 15 cas (31,9%). Deux laparotomiesétaient effectuées avec sutures intestinales. Un décès par contusion thoracique était noté. CONCLUSION: les risques professionnels traumatiques dans la pêche artisanale engagent le pronostic vital. Une meilleure connaissance de ces risques par les travailleurs permet d'en assurer une bonne prévention.

Factors Associated with Foot Lesions in Diabetic Patients at Saint-Louis Hospital (Senegal): A Case-Control Study Protocol.

INTRODUCTION: Diabetes prevalence has increased over the past years. In Senegal, this prevalence is 4% in the general population. However, the region of Saint-Louis (in the north of the country) has the highest rate with 10.4%. The main prognosis problem is the occurrence foot lesions that can lead to lower-limbs amputation. Diabetic foot is a real public health issue, due to its economic burden and its serious repercussions on patients, leading to poor quality of life. The objective of this case-control study is to identify factors associated with foot lesions in diabetic patients. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: It will be a case-control study from January to December 2021. The patients will be recruited from the departments of general surgery, internal medicine, and emergency. An univariate then multivariate analysis (logistic regression) will allow us to select the variables associated with foot lesions in our study population. The parameters included in the logistic regression will be those with a p < 0.20 in the univariate analysis. Finally, a binary logistic regression analysis (with the calculation of Odds Ratios (OR) with confidence intervals (CI)) according to the backward stepwise method will identify the factors independently associated to foot lesions in diabetic patients. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: This research protocol will be submitted to the Ethics Committee of our institution for approval. The knowledge of factors causing diabetic foot will help to communicate with policymakers to raise the awareness in our community. Finally, it will help to prevent lower limb amputations. HIGHLIGHTS: Diabetes is the leading cause of non-traumatic lower-limb amputation in the world.The region of Saint-Louis (Senegal) has the highest prevalence of diabetes.Controlling factors associated with foot lesions in diabetic patients can prevent from amputation.

Profile of Patients with Gallstone Disease in a Sub-Saharan African General Surgery Department: A Retrospective Cohort Study Protocol.

INTRODUCTION: Gallstone disease is a disorder characterised by the formation of stones in the biliary tract. It is the most common biliary condition accounting for more than 98% of all gallbladder and biliary tract disorders. In Africa, previous studies have shown a relative rarity of this condition with a prevalence less than 5%; since it is between 2 and 5 times higher in other continents. A good knowledge of the profile of patient with gallstone disease in a surgical setting could allow to reduce gallstone disease complications and to tailor better the treatment. To our knowledge, there was no previous study about gallstone disease in this region even if there is a high prevalence of metabolic factors of gallstone disease. METHODS: This study objective is to describe the epidemiological, diagnostic and therapeutic profile of patients with gallstone disease at the Department of General Surgery of Saint-Louis Hospital (Senegal). It will be a single-centre retrospective cohort study in a period of 5 years (January 2015 - December 2020). The patients' record of the department of general surgery will be consulted and the patient contacted if there are missing data. Patients with gallstone disease diagnosed with imaging (ultrasonography and/or CT scan) regardless the presentation (asymptomatic, biliary colic, cholecystitis, common bile duct lithiasis, angio-cholitis, pancreatitis) will be included. Adults and paediatric patients will be enrolled. Patient records lacking sufficient data will be excluded. Studied parameters will be epidemiological, clinical, paraclinical and therapeutic aspects. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: Anonymity and confidentiality of information collected in patients will be respected. This research protocol will be submitted to the Ethics Committee of our institution for approval. The knowledge of the profile of patients with gallstone disease in a surgical setting could allow to reduce gallstone disease complications and to tailor better the treatment. Finally, it will help to reduce the burden of gallstone disease. HIGHLIGHTS: Gallstone disease is the most common biliary tract conditionTo our knowledge, there was no previous study about gallstone disease in this region even if there is a high prevalence of risk factors of gallstone disease (sickle cell disease, diabetes, obesity, hypercholesterolemia)Good knowledge of the profile of patients with gallstone disease in a surgical setting could allow to reduce gallstone disease complications and to tailor better the treatment.

[Epidemiological and clinical aspects of prurigo in HIV infected patients in Fousseyni N'Daou hospital of Kayes, Mali]. / Aspects Epidemiologiques et Cliniques du Prurigo Chez les Personnes Vivant avec le VIH a L'Hopital Fousseyni N'Daou de Kayes, Mali.

INTRODUCTION: Prurigo is one of the most common dermatological conditions during HIV infection and AIDS. It appears as an immunosuppression marker associated with HIV infection. The study objective was to determine the prevalence of prurigo in people living with the human immunodeficiency virus (PLHIV) in Fousseyni N'Daou Hospital of Kayes, and to describe the socio-demographic aspects of patients and lesions associated with prurigo among PLHIV. METHODS: It was a descriptive cross-sectional study included all cases of HIV infected patients with prurigo in the Dermatology-Venomology Department of Fousseyni N'DAOU Hospital from January 1, 2015 to August 31, 2015. RESULTS: We collected 121 cases of prurigo. The hospital prevalence was 14.5% among PLHIV with 65% Female and the average age was 34.8 years old (SD: 15-81 years). The elementary lesions associated with prurigo were seropapules (40.2%), vesiculo-crusts (13%), excoriated papules (33.3%), lichenified papules (10.8%), and cicatricial lesions (2.7%). The prurigo was generalized in 68.5% of cases and localized in 31.24%. More than half of our patients had weight loss, fever, diarrhea and oral candidiasis in their medical history. Patients were infected with HIV1 in 60.03% and HIV1+ 2 in 24.3%. More than the half of our patients had a CD4 count inferior to 250 cells/mm3 at the time of prurigo diagnosis. CONCLUSION: In our study, prurigo remains a common condition in PLHIV, particularly in patients with low CD4 counts. Early detection and rapid antietroviral therapy can reduce the frequency of prurigo in PLHIV.

INTRODUCTION: Le prurigo est l'une des affections dermatologiques les plus fréquentes au cours de l'infection à VIH et du sida. Il apparait comme un marqueur de l'immunodépression associée à l'infection VIH. L'objectif était de déterminer la prévalence du prurigo chez les personnes vivant avec le virus de l'immunodéficience humaine (PVVIH) à l'hôpital Fousseyni N'Daou de Kayes (HFDK) et décrire le profil sociodémographique des patients et les lésions associées au prurigo chez les PVVIH à HFDK. PATIENTS ET MÉTHODES: Il s'agissait d'une étude transversale descriptive de tous les cas de prurigo chez les PVVIH dans le service de Dermatologie-Vénéréologie de l'hôpital Fousseyni N'DAOU durant la période du 1er janvier 2015 au 31 août 2015. RÉSULTATS: Nous avons colligé 121 cas de prurigo. La prévalence hospitalière a été de 14,5% chez les PVVIH. Le sexe féminin a représenté 65% des cas. L'âge moyen a été de 34,8 ans (extrêmes :15 ­ 81 ans). Les lésions élémentaires associées au prurigo ont été les séropapules (40,2%), vésiculo-croutes (13%), papules excoriés (33,3%), papules lichenifiés (10,8%), lésions cicatricielles (2,7%). La forme généralisée a représenté 68,5% et la forme localisée 31,24%. Plus de la moitié de nos patients avait la notion d'amaigrissement, de fièvre, de diarrhée et des candidoses buccales dans leurs antécédents. Le VIH1 a représenté 60,03% et l'association VIH1 et VIH2 a représenté 24,3% des cas. Plus de la moitié de nos patients avait un taux de CD4 inférieure à 250 cellules/mm3 au moment du diagnostic du prurigo. CONCLUSION: Dans notre étude, le prurigo reste une affection fréquente chez les PVVIH, particulièrement lorsque le taux de CD4 est bas. Un dépistage précoce et le traitement antirétroviral rapide permet de réduire la fréquence du prurigo chez les PVVIH.

[Multiple sites extrapodal actinomycetoma: Favorable outcome to treatment with a combination of cotrimoxazole and NSAI]. / Mycétome actinomycosique extrapodal plurifocal : bonne réponse au traitement par l'association cotrimoxazole et AINS.

Mycetoma is a bacteriological or fungal infectious disease affecting the skin and/or soft tissues, which can be complicated by bone involvement. The most common feature is a tumor of the foot, but extrapodal localizations have been described. We report one case of a 47-year-old man who presented with tumefaction of a leg with multiple skin fistulae. Histopathological examination permitted to confirm the diagnosis of actinomycetoma and TDM showed the degree of bone and soft tissues involvement. Our case was characterized by the very inflammatory aspect of the tumor, its localization to the leg without foot involvement, the modest functional signs compared to the importance of radiological bone involvements, the deep destruction of the fibula while the tibia was apparently intact and the good response to treatment. In spite of its characteristic features, diagnosis of mycetoma is still late in our country, often with bone and/or articular spread. Priority may be given to measures for reduction of mycetoma diagnosis lateness.

[Study of factors associated to therapeutic failure of children infected by HIV1 under antiretroviral treatment in the Sanou Sourô University Hospital of Bobo-Dioulasso (2007-2013)]. / Etude des facteurs associes a l'echec therapeutique au cours du suivi des enfants infecte par le VIH1 sous traitement antiretroviral au CHU-Sanou Souro de Bobo-Dioulasso (2007­2013).

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of therapeutic failure and the associated factors in children aged 6 months to 15 years old with HIV 1 and regularly visiting the Sanou Sourô University Hospital (SSUH) of Bobo-Dioulasso. METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted concerning the children followed in the SSUH between February, 2007 and February 2013 infected by HIV 1 under ARV for at least six months. The diagnosis of therapeutic failure was defined according to the WHO criteria. RESULTS: the population of study was 311 infected patients, 53.8 % were male. The average age was of 108 months ± 67, and 62.0 % had a rate CD4 higher than 200 cells/ µ L; 43.5 % of the patients were at class III / IV of the WHO classification. Prevalence of the failure was at 19.6 %. The female genital organ (RR: 0.49 IC95 %: [0.24-0.99] p = 0.03), respect for the treatment ≤ 95 % (RR 0.37 IC95 % [0.15-0.92] p=0.04), the death of the mother (RR: 0.33 IC95 % [0.09-1.21] p=0.04) and the class WHO advanced (III / IV) (RR 0.26 IC95 % [0.09-0.77] p=0.02) was associated to the therapeutic failure. CONCLUSION: prevalence of therapeutic failure was high for the children being followed at the Sanou-Sourô University Hospital of Bobo-Dioulasso. The female genital organ, respect for the treatment ≤ 95 %, death of the mother, and the advanced WHO classification stages (III / IV) were associated with therapeutic failure.

OBJECTIF: Déterminer la prévalence et les facteurs associés à l'échec thérapeutique chez les enfants âgés de six mois à 15 ans dépistés positifs au VIH-1 et suivis régulièrement au CHU-Sanou Sourô de Bobo-Dioulasso. MÉTHODES: Il s'agissait d'une étude de cohorte rétrospective ayant concerné les enfants suivis au CHUSS entre février 2007 et février 2013 infectés par le VIH-1 sous ARV depuis au moins six mois. Le diagnostic de l'échec thérapeutique a été défini selon les critères de L'OMS. RÉSULTATS: La population d'étude était de 311 patients infectés, 53,8% étaient de sexe masculin. L'âge moyen était de 108 mois ± 67, et 62,0% avait un taux CD4 supérieur à 200 cellules/µL ; 43,5% des patients étaient au stade III/IV de l'OMS. La prévalence de l'échec était de 19,6%. Le sexe féminin (RR : 0,49 IC95% : [0,24­0,99] p= 0,03), l'observance < 95% (RR :0,37 IC95% [ 0,15­0,92] p=0,04), le décès de la mère (RR : 0,33 IC95% [ 0,09­ 1,21] p=0,04) et le stade OMS avancé (III/IV ) (RR :0,26 IC95% [0,09­0,77] p=0,02) étaient associés à l'échec thérapeutique. CONCLUSION: la prévalence de l'échec thérapeutique était élevée chez les enfants suivis au CHU-Sanou-Sourô de Bobo-Dioulasso. Le sexe féminin, l'observance ≤ 95%, le décès de la mère, et le stade OMS avancé (III/IV) étaient associés à l'échec thérapeutique.

[Management of giant inguinal hernias: five cases]. / Prise en charge des hernies inguinales géantes: à propos de cinq observations.

In Africa, difficulties in health care access and illiteracy promote the development of giant inguinal hernias. Management of these hernias can be very challenging, according to the risk of replacing the intestines into the abdominal cavity. We report five cases in Senegal.

Mesenteric myofibroblastic tumor: NSAID therapy after incomplete resection.

Myofibroblastic tumors are inflammatory tumors that arise in viscera and soft tissue; their etiopathology is poorly understood. They are capable of infiltration of adjacent organs, local recurrence after surgical resection, and even of distant metastasis. These characteristics result in persistent debate as to the nature of these lesions - whether they are inflammatory or neoplastic, benign or malignant lesions? Diagnosis is almost always made based on histopathological findings. Traditional management is complete surgical excision, but this may be difficult or impossible when the lesion develops in proximity to vital structures. We report the case of a 59-year-old man who was treated in our institution for mesenteric myofibroblastic tumor. Complete resection was not possible due to local infiltration of the mesentery. Recurrence was noted 3 months after surgery; treatment with steroidal and then non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medications (NSAIDs) resulted in clinical and radiologic regression of the tumor.

[Incarcerated internal hernia through a breach of the broad ligament, a case report]. / Occlusion intestinale par hernie étranglée du ligament large gauche, à propos d'un cas.

We report a case of 44-year-old women presented with an acute small bowel obstruction revealated by tomodensitometry. Laparotomy showed an incarcerated internal hernia through the broad ligament. We performed liberation of the ileal segment and closed the hernial orifice. The patient evolution was excellent.

Indirect inguinal hernia masquerading as a Spigelian hernia.

Inguinal hernia usually developed and descended into scrotum. The clinical presentation is inguinal or inguino-scrotal swelling. Abdominal wall weakness as it is frequently seen in African tropical zones produces often rare clinical case. We report a case of inguinal hernia presented as an abdominal wall swelling clinically suggestive of a Spigelian hernia and discuss the mechanism.

[Do commercial sex workers who discuss treatment with family and friends adhere to it better?]. / Communiquer avec son entourage sur son traitement aide-t-il les femmes impliquées dans le commerce du sexe à l'observer?

INTRODUCTION: The number of HIV trials in Africa is increasing, and they target population groups with high HIV incidence, such as sex workers. Little information, however, is available about the adherence to long-term therapy among such marginalized groups with few economic resources and poor social and family support. A project called "Yerelon" ("know herself" in the Dioula language) began in 1998 in Bobo-Dioulasso to improve the health of women involved in commercial sex through STI/HIV prevention and care adapted to them. This study was conducted before introducing long-term treatment to the population, to assess the effect of communication with those around them on the capacity of these vulnerable women to adhere to drug prescriptions. METHODS: The study was based on interviews conducted during the pilot phase of a 3-month trial of vitamins with potential participants. It concerned two groups of women: one group was infected with HIV (N = 22), the other was not (N = 20); all women in both groups were infected by HSV-2, however. For 5 weeks, the two psychologists of the study team in charge of adherence assessment carried out weekly in-depth interviews with the participants. The qualitative data analysis was organised around several themes. The data were related to aspects of communication with family and friends, serologic results, and adherence. RESULTS: According to our definition of communication about treatment, 20 participants communicated with their family and friends; adherence was good for all but three of them. Women who reported that they were married or living with someone (7/42) nearly all spoke about the study treatment (06/07) with him. Of 16 participants living in a family, 10 communicated with them about the treatment. On the other hand, as seems logical, single women who lived alone spoke less often about the treatment with family and friends (04/19). Talking about the treatment did not appear to involve the family or friends in the treatment; no one reminded any participant, whether she lived alone or in a family, to take her medicine. Nor did this discussion seem "helpful" to any of the women. Twenty-two participants hid the study treatment from family and friends; adherence was good for all but two of these. Social management of the treatment was related to HIV serologic status and relationships with family and friends. Concern about gossip about HIV status made it difficult to integrate the treatment into conversation. Those who did not agree to communicate with their family about the treatment did not even take the drug in the sight of the others. Sometimes, refusal to communicate was aimed at avoiding disapproval when the family did not have a favorable perception of prolonged treatment. Hiding the treatment was not an obstacle to good adherence. Adherence was related to perception of the treatment more than to communication about it. CONCLUSION: Adherence was similar in cases with and without communication. It appeared that these marginalized women, without social networks, were able to adhere correctly to a long-term treatment. To minimize the risks of non-adherence, the support system planned must take into account the factors influencing perceptions of the drug. Specific psychological support centered on the relation with the drug appears necessary during treatment initiation and follow up.

[Drainage of liver abscess by "mini-hepatotomy"]. / Drainage des abcès du foie par la technique de "l'hépatotomie a minima".

UNLABELLED: We have developed a a "mini-hepatotomy" technique to prevent rupture of large superficial liver abscesses. AIM: The purpose of this report is to describe our results using this technique. PATIENTS AND METHOD: Data was extracted from the files of 40 patients hospitalized in our department for liver abscess from January 2000 to June 2005. Antimicrobrial therapy including metronidazole was administered to all patients and was the sole treatment in two. Additional treatment included laparotomy for ruptured abscess in 4 cases, pleural drainage for rupture in the right pleural cavity in one, and "mini hepatotomy" in 33. This study includes the 33 patients who underwent mini-laparotomy. There were 30 men and 3 women with a mean age of 38 years. The mean delay for consultation was 51 days. RESULTS: Liver abscess was classified as amoebic abscess in 28 cases and pyogenic abscess in 5. The mean diameter of the abscess was 11.5 cm. The abscess was located in the right lobe in 21 cases and left lobe in 12. The mean quantity of liquid drained from the abscess was 1060 mL. Outcome was favorable in 28 cases (success rate: 84.8%). In the remaining 5 cases abscess persisted after drain removal including two that required a second drain procedure and three that resolved after medical treatment. The failure rate was 6% (2/33). No patient died. CONCLUSION: Large size and superficial location are risk factors for rupture of liver abscess. Drainage is warranted in patients at risk for this complication. The results of this study show that our "mini-hepatotomy" drainage technique has a high success rate and can achieve good results.

[Management of exocrin pancreatic tumor. About 129 cases]. / Prise en charge des tumeurs du pancreas exocrine. A propos de 129 cas.

Management of exocrine pancreatic tumors is very difficult: Their impact is in upsurge and their diagnosis is very often made to an advanced stage that only allows the therapeutic palliative. To value the management of these tumors to the surgical clinic of Aristide Le Dantec hospital, authors achieved a retrospective survey on 8years (October 1994 to October 2002). Hundred twenty nine (129) cases of exocrine pancreatic tumors had been counted. It was about 71 men and 58 women of middle age of 56, 96 years. The length of middle evolution of the illness was of 8 months. The most frequent sign was jaundice, recovered at 80.9% of patients. Followed the thinning (79%), the pain (69%), the digestive stenosis (35%). Ultrasonography, scanner and x-ray of lungs permitted to make the diagnosis and the balance of extension. A laparoscopy had been made at 13 patients. A clinic and radiological classification had been used to distribute the tumors in 3 stages. At 46 patients in III stage, a therapeutic abstention had been decided. Patients to the II stage (n=77) had benefitted a palliative surgical treatment. It was about 74 biliary and digestive shunt and 3 alcoholic splanchnicectomy. The 6 patient to the I stage had benefitted a surgical resection. The middle hospitalization length was of 10.75 days. The rate of morbidity was 45.78%. Mortality was 29%. The median survival was of 3.6 months. The palliative surgical treatment had again indications facing these obstructive and locally advanced tumors. But the salute will come from the precocious diagnosis of these tumors to hope for a curative gesture.

[Perforation and haemorrhage duodenal bulbar ulcers in a child: a case report]. / Perforation et hémorragie d'ulcères du bulbe duodénal chez une enfant.

A perforation rarely reveals a primary duodenal ulcer. The occurring of digestive haemorrhage in post operative followings evokes spontaneously a stress ulcer. We report an observation of a child who presented on fourth day delay after operation an ulcer of the anterior duodenal bulbar face and a haemorrhage of the posterior bulbar face. A 7-year-old girl with no particular pathological antecedent was admitted for abdominal pain, bile vomiting and constipation evolving since 6 days. Clinical examination revealed a general state thickening, an infectious syndrome, a meteoric and general abdominal sensitivity. The abdominal radiography without preparation showed a pneumoperitoneum. The surgical exploration discovered a perforated ulcer on the bulbar anterior face. A simple closure associated with omental patch was performed. Four days after operation, she presented an abundant digestive haemorrhage with shock. The resuscitation did not improve the patient's general state. The upper digestive endoscopy revealed a haemorrhage of the posterior bulbar face. An adrenalin injection stopped the bleeding. The treatment by neutron pump inhibitors and an eradicating treatment of Helicobacter pylori permitted the healing of the ulcers. The occurring of digestive haemorrhage in the followings of surgical intervention for perforated ulcer involves an upper digestive endoscopy. This examination can reveal misdiagnosed ulcer during the surgical exploration and permits to perform a haemostatic act.

[Incarcerated procidentia due to giant cervical fibromyoma: a case report]. / Trachélocèle incarcérée à la suite d'un fibrome géant du col utérin: à propos d'un cas.

The authors report a sparse case of incarcerated procidentia due to cervical fibromyoma in a 43-year-old Senegalese woman. This is about the second case known around the world. Clinic was about a giant cervical mass, irreducible with haemorrhage and procidentia.

[Giant leiomyoma of fallopian tube: a rare aetiology of abdominal tumor]. / Léiomyome géant de la trompe utérine: une cause rare de tumeur abdominale.

Leiomyomas of the fallopian tube are extremely rare. They are often managed with autopsy or surgery. We report a revealed case by a voluminous-abdominal mass in a 35-year-old woman. Neither the tomodensitometry nor, even, the laparoscopy did not permit specifying the tubal origin of the tumor. The diagnosis has been finally carried to the laparotomy. An annexectomy had been achieved. The histological examination concluded to a leiomyoma without malignant-cellular atypia.