The analgesic efficacy of suprofen in periodontal and oral surgical pain.

Suprofen is a new, orally effective nonsteroidal antiinflammatory analgesic of the propionic acid chemical class. Three separate single-dose studies were performed to evaluate the efficacy of suprofen in acute pain associated with periodontal surgery and removal of impacted third molars. Study medications were: A--suprofen 200 mg, codeine 60 mg, propoxyphene HCl 65 mg, and placebo; B--suprofen 400 mg and 200 mg, aspirin 650 mg, and placebo; C--suprofen 400 mg and 200 mg, aspirin 650 mg with codeine 60 mg, aspirin 650 mg alone, and placebo. Analgesic and side effect data were collected over a 6-hour period after patients medicated for moderate to severe pain. All studies were randomized, double-blinded, and parallel-group in design. Suprofen was significantly more effective than codeine 60 mg, propoxyphene HCl 65 mg, and aspirin 650 mg. Suprofen 400 mg appeared to be clinically more effective than the aspirin-codeine combination and the difference was statistically significant for most of the analgesic variables. Of the 224 patients who received suprofen in the 3 studies, 16 reported drowsiness and 1 reported constipation.

The relative analgesic efficacy of propiram fumarate, codeine, aspirin, and placebo in post-impaction dental pain.

To evaluate the analgesic efficacy of orally administered 50 mg propiram fumarate, 650 mg aspirin, 60 mg codeine phosphate, and placebo in acute post-impaction dental pain, 159 patients with moderate or severe pain were randomly allocated to the four treatments in this single-dose double-blind, stratified, parallel-group study. A research nurse questioned the patients at 1/2 hour and hourly for 6 hours after medicating. A standard format was used to question subjects about their pain intensity and relief from the starting pain. Propiram, 50 mg, produced a level of analgesia approaching that of 650 mg aspirin in peak effect, total effect, and duration of action and was statistically superior to 60 mg codeine and placebo for every measure of analgesic efficacy. Several mild adverse effects were observed; however, they appeared to be evenly distributed among the active treatments.

The effects of fendosal, aspirin and placebo on postoperative dental pain. A dose-ranging and efficacy study.

The purpose of this study was to characterize the analgesic dose-effect curve of orally administered fendosal, relative to aspirin 650 mg and placebo. A total of 153 patients experiencing moderate to severe pain due to extraction of impacted molar teeth completed this two-part, single-dose, double-blind, randomized trial. In part I, the possible treatments were placebo, aspirin 650 mg, fendosal 100 mg and fendosal 200 mg. In part II, fendosal 400 mg replaced the fendosal 100 mg treatment. A nurse-observer collected subjective reports of pain intensity and relief at 30 minutes and hourly for eight hours. Fendosal 100 mg was not an analgesic dose but 200 and 400 mg were on the ascending portion of the dose-effect curve. Fendosal 200 mg was superior to placebo and about equal to aspirin in total effect but not peak effect. Fendosal 400 mg was statistically superior to both fendosal 200 mg and placebo. Fendosal 400 mg appears to provide analgesia similar to that of aspirin 650 mg but with a substantially longer duration. Only a few mild side effects were reported.

A technique for investigating the intensity and duration of human psychomotor impairment after intravenous diazepam.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the impairment of both psychomotor function and memory after intravenous administration of 17 to 28 mg. of diazepam to normal volunteers. A battery of tests, including word memory, Seguin form board, digit symbol, digit span, block design, and reaction time, was administered at set intervals to both drug and nondrug subjects. The diazepam group demonstrated both psychomotor and anterograde memory deficits which persisted throughout the 150-minute evaluation; but relative to the control group, the diazepam group had enhanced retrograde memory. These preliminary results indicate that even after subjects appear to be recovered from the effect;s of diazepam, residual psychomotor and memory impairment remain.

Dantrolene sodium: effects on smooth muscle.

The effects of dantrolene sodium on smooth muscle were evaluated in vitro using the guinea pig ileum and the guinea pig vas deferens preparations. Dantrolene irreversibly decreased the strength of the responses of the ileum to acetylcholine, histamine, potassium chloride and electrical stimulation. Doubling the concentration of calcium in the bathing media reduced the effect of dantrolene on all agonists. Dantrolene irreversibly decreased the response of the vas deferens to epinephrine, norepinephrine, acetylcholine and electrical stimulation. Doubling the concentration of calcium in the bathing media reduced the effect of dantrolene on all agonists. Dantrolene seems to depress smooth muscle as it does skeletal muscle. The mechanism of action probably involves the reduction of calcium flux into the muscles.

Comparative analgesic potency of aspirin and ibuprofen.

The object of a study was to evaluate the analgesic efficacy of ibuprofen for dental pain. The subjects were outpatients who were undergoing surgical removal of impacted teeth. We compared aspirin, 325 mg; aspirin, 650 mg; ibuprofen, 200 mg; ibuprofen, 400 mg; and placebo. Each patient received a single dose of one of the test medications; there was a minimum of 37 patients in each treatment group. Patients recorded pain intensity before receiving medication; then hourly, for four hours after medication, they recorded pain intensity, amount of relief, and side effects. Time-effect and dose-response curves were generated from the relief and change in pain-intensity scores. First-hour scores, peak scores, and total scores were analyzed. All active medications were significantly better than placebo and the mean effect for ibuprofen was significantly more than for aspirin.

An investigation of the effects of a pyridyl and a piperidyl 1, 3-dioxolane derivative on neuromuscular transmission.

2-(4'-pyridyl)-1,3-dioxolane methiodide (KCL-301-14) and 2-(1'-methyl-4' piperidyl)-1,3-dioxolane hydroiodide (KCL-301-39) facilitated the force of contraction in low doses and blocked it in higher doses in the in vivo cat soleus muscle preparation. Both drugs in the cat also reversed d-tubocurarine and succinylcholine blockade, produced post-drug repetitive activity, blocked post-tetanic potentiation (PTP), had no direct muscle affect and reversed the PTP suppression caused by d-tubocurarine and succinylcholine. In the rat phrenic nerve-diaphragm and the chick biventer cervicis preparations in vitro, facilitation, then blockade of the contraction were seen as concentrations increased. However, KCL-301-14 reversed d-tubocurarine and increased succinylcholine blockades in the rat and chick. KCl-301-39 increased both d-tubocurarine and succinylcholine blockades in the rat and chick. The different effects seen in the cat vs. the rat and chick with these drugs are probably due to species variation.

In-vitro investigation of a new neuromuscular relaxant, AH8165.

AH8165 was compared with other neuromuscular relaxants in an in-vitro rat phrenic nerve-diaphragm preparation. Concentrations of 6-10 mug/ml AH8165 produced progressive decreases in strength of concentration. AH8165 was 0.1 times as potent as d-tubocurarine, and its effects were more rapidly reversed by washing. The times to recovery from 90 per cent blockade were the same for succinylcholine and AH8165, but the time to recovery from 50 per cent blockade was shorter for succinylcholine than for AH8165. Neostigmine reversed blockade induced by d-tubocurarine to 80 per cent of control, while it reversed comparable blockade induced by AH8165 to only 40 per cent of control. Doses of 0.5 to 2 mug AH8165 produced contracture and increased the force of contraction of the superfused chick biventer cervicis muscle preparation. Doses of 8 to 32 mug produced decreased contracture followed by diminution of the strength of contraction. The authors conclude that AH8165 in low concentrations has a depolarizing action, which is obscured by nondepolarizing effects in higher concentrations. (Key words: Neuromuscular relaxants: AH8165.)