RESUMEN
Ganoderma lucidum is a traditional Chinese healthy food with many kinds of nutritious activities, and polysaccharide is one of its main active components. Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide plays a vital role in improving human immunity and anti-oxidation. At present, the methods of detecting polysaccharide content of Ganoderma lucidum are destructive, and the steps are complicated and time-consuming. This study aims to explore the possibility of using hyperspectral imaging (HSI) to predict polysaccharide content in a nondestructive way during the growth of Ganoderma lucidum. The partial least square regression (PLSR) model shows good performance for Ganoderma lucidum ( R p 2 = 0.924, R P D p = 3.622) with pretreatment method of Savitzky-Golay (SG) and standard normal variate (SNV), and feature selection method of successive projections algorithm (SPA). This study indicates that HSI can quickly and nondestructive detect the polysaccharide content of Ganoderma lucidum, provide guidance for the cultivation industry and improve the economic benefits of Ganoderma lucidum.
RESUMEN
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is conceptualized as a synaptic failure disorder in which loss of glutamatergic synapses is a major driver of cognitive decline. Thus, novel therapeutic strategies aimed at regenerating synapses may represent a promising approach to mitigate cognitive deficits in AD patients. At present, no disease-modifying drugs exist for AD, and approved therapies are palliative at best, lacking in the ability to reverse the synaptic failure. Here, we tested the efficacy of a novel synaptogenic small molecule, SPG302 - a 3rd-generation benzothiazole derivative that increases the density of axospinous glutamatergic synapses - in 3xTg-AD mice. Daily dosing of 3xTg-AD mice with SPG302 at 3 and 30 mg/kg (i.p.) for 4 weeks restored hippocampal synaptic density and improved cognitive function in hippocampal-dependent tasks. Mushroom and stubby spine profiles were increased by SPG302, and associated with enhanced expression of key postsynaptic proteins - including postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD95), drebrin, and amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor (AMPAR) - and increased colocalization of PSD95 with synaptophysin. Notably, SPG302 proved efficacious in this model without modifying Aß and tau pathology. Thus, our study provides preclinical support for the idea that compounds capable of restoring synaptic density offer a viable strategy to reverse cognitive decline in AD.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedad de Alzheimer , Trastornos del Conocimiento , Disfunción Cognitiva , Enfermedad de Alzheimer/metabolismo , Péptidos beta-Amiloides/metabolismo , Animales , Cognición , Trastornos del Conocimiento/patología , Disfunción Cognitiva/metabolismo , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Hipocampo/patología , Humanos , Ratones , Ratones Transgénicos , Sinapsis/metabolismo , Sinapsis/patología , Proteínas tau/metabolismoRESUMEN
Three pairs of new isopentenyl dibenzo[b,e]oxepinone enantiomers, (+)-(5S)-arugosin K (1a), (-)-(5R)-arugosin K (1b), (+)-(5S)-arugosin L (2a), (-)-(5R)-arugosin L (2b), (+)-(5S)-arugosin M (3a), (-)-(5R)-arugosin M (3b), and a new isopentenyl dibenzo[b,e]oxepinone, arugosin N (4), were isolated from a wetland soil-derived fungus Talaromyces flavus, along with two known biosynthetically-related compounds 5 and 6. Among them, arugosin N (4) and 1,6,10-trihydroxy-8-methyl-2-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)-dibenz[b,e]oxepin-11(6H)-one (CAS: 160585-91-1, 5) were obtained as the tautomeric mixtures. The structures of isolated compounds were determined by detailed spectroscopic analysis. In addition, the absolute configurations of these three pairs of new enantiomers were determined by quantum chemical ECD calculations.
Asunto(s)
Oxepinas , Microbiología del Suelo , Talaromyces/química , Oxepinas/química , Oxepinas/aislamiento & purificación , HumedalesRESUMEN
Two new coumarins, talacoumarins A (1) and B (2), were isolated from the ethyl acetate extract of the wetland soil-derived fungus Talaromyces flavus BYD07-13. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic data (NMR, MS) analyses. The absolute configuration of C-12 in 1 was assigned using the modified Mosher's method, whereas that of C-12 in 2 was deduced via the circular dichroism data of its corresponding [Rh2(OCOCF3)4] complex. Compounds 1 and 2 were evaluated for their anti-Aß42 aggregation, cytotoxic, and antimicrobial activities. The results showed that the two compounds had moderate anti-Aß42 aggregation activity, and this is the first report on the Aß42 inhibitory aggregation activity of coumarins.
Asunto(s)
Cumarinas/química , Talaromyces/química , Péptidos beta-Amiloides/química , Aspergillus niger/efectos de los fármacos , Candida albicans/efectos de los fármacos , Línea Celular Tumoral , Supervivencia Celular , Cumarinas/aislamiento & purificación , Cumarinas/farmacología , Escherichia coli/efectos de los fármacos , Humanos , Concentración 50 Inhibidora , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Estructura Molecular , Fragmentos de Péptidos/química , Agregado de Proteínas , Staphylococcus aureus/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
Talaflavuterpenoid A (1), a new nardosinane-type sesquiterpene, was isolated from the wetland soil-derived fungus Talaromyces flavus BYD07-13, and its structure was elucidated on the basis of HR-MS, NMR, and X-ray diffraction analysis. The absolute configuration of 1 was established by comparing the experimental electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectrum with the calculated ECD spectra. Its cytotoxic effects on five human tumor cell lines (HL-60, SMMC-7721, A-549, MCF-7, and SW480), and antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans, and Aspergillus niger were evaluated. This is the first report of the presence of nardosinane-type sesquiterpene in Talaromyces sp.