The impact of aggregated and disaggregated fisheries production and licensed fishermen on fishing grounds footprint: A time series analysis.

This study has examined the factors of fishing grounds footprint in Malaysia during 1961-2018, which has been used as the indicator of environmental degradation. The main contribution of this paper is that we have considered the role of aggregated and disaggregated fisheries production on pollution in the fishing industry. Another contribution of this study is that the environmental impact of activities of licensed fishermen has been examined. The results suggest that the total fisheries production and its components- capture fisheries production and aquaculture production generate an increase in fishing grounds footprint in Malaysia. The results suggest that an increase in total licensed fishermen facilitate an increase in fishing grounds footprint. There is mixed evidence on the impact of local fishermen on fishing footprint. The results indicate that an increase in foreign fishermen facilitate an increase in fishing grounds footprint. The results suggest mixed evidence for Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis.

Evaluation of container port sustainability using WASPAS technique using on type-2 neutrosophic fuzzy numbers.

According to the common opinion in the literature, the sustainability of container ports is a tremendously complex topic owing to the maritime sector's excessively dynamic form and many highly complex, predictable and unpredictable uncertainties in this industry. The current paper proposes two powerful, practical, inspiring approaches to fill these gaps. It proposes a novel type-2 neutrosophic fuzzy numbers (T2NFNs) based Delphi method to determine the criteria logically and optimal and extends the WASPAS technique based on the T2NFNs for evaluating the alternatives. The current paper presents practical managerial implications that many stakeholders can consider, such as port authorities, ship owners, logistics service providers, governments, and local authorities, when making strategic and managerial decisions. In addition, the results of a comprehensive sensitivity analysis performed to test the robustness and applicability of the model approve the validity of the proposed T2NFN-based integrated approach.

Gold price and exchange rate in pre and during Covid-19 period in India: Modelling dependence using copulas.

This study examines the dynamic relationship between the gold price and the exchange rate in pre- and during Covid-19 pandemic in India. We consider the periods of about equal length for both the pre- and during Covid-19 by considering the data from January 1, 2019 till February 28, 2021. The descriptive analysis shows a significant increase in the dynamics of gold price and exchange rate after mid-March 2020. The results derived from the ARDL approach show a positive and significant relationship between the gold price and exchange rate both in the long and short run. We have selected the best fitted bivariate copula to study the joint distribution of the gold price and the exchange rate. Using the copula model, we examine the relationship between the gold price and exchange rate in a bivariate framework. We have studied the dependence between them including the tail dependencies using the fitted copula. Our findings reveal that the gold price and exchange rate are significantly correlated for the entire study period, and it also reveals that there is no tail dependence. However, the mutual association between the variables is not confirmed in the considered Covid-19 period.

Rational design of fluorescent phosgene sensors.

Phosgene is a very toxic gas, which was used as a chemical weapon in World War I, and is currently widely used in industrial processes. So far, no any phosgene fluorescent sensor has been reported. In this study, we report rational design of unimolecular fluorescent phosgene sensors for the first time. Phosgene was used to initiate intramolecular cyclization and convert nonfluorescent molecules to highly fluorescent products. Bright blue fluorescence of phosgene reaction products can be easily visualized by naked eye. The detection limit for phosgene is as low as 1 nM in solutions at room temperature.